accreditation of medical schools in the philippines coralie therese d. dimacali, md associate dean...
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ACCREDITATION OF MEDICAL SCHOOLS IN THE PHILIPPINES
Coralie Therese D. Dimacali, MDAssociate Dean for Academic DevelopmentCollege of MedicineUniversity of the Philippines Manila
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Outline•Concept of Accreditation•History of Accreditation of Medical
Schools in the Philippines•Accreditation Process• Levels of Accreditation•Benefits of Accreditation• Impact of Accreditation
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Accreditation
•A quality assurance mechanism wherein educational institutions and their academic program offerings are evaluated by an external body to determine if set standards are met
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Accreditation in the Philippines
• In the Philippines, accreditation is generally voluntary in nature.• 21.54% (484/2247) of higher education
institutions (HEIs) accredited by CHED• 26.31% (10/38) medical schools accredited• 2/38 candidates• 7/38 applicants
http://www.ched.gov.ph
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Accreditation
• a concept based on self-regulation which focuses on evaluation and the continuing improvement of educational quality.
• a process by which institutions or programs continuously upgrade their educational quality and services through self-evaluation and the judgment of peers.
• a status granted to an educational institution or program which meets commonly accepted standards of quality or excellence.
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Aims of Accreditation
• To stimulate medical schools to formulate their plans for change and quality improvement
• To safeguard medical practice and manpower utilization through well defined standards
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• NATIONAL• Commission on Higher Education
(CHED)• Philippine Association of Schools,
Colleges and Universities (PAASCU)• Association of Philippine Medical
Colleges (APMC)• Best practices of medical schools
Accreditation standards
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• REGIONAL • Association for Medical Education in
the Western Pacific Region (AMEWPR)• GLOBAL • World Federation for Medical
Education (WFME)
Accreditation standards
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Accrediting Agencies for the Private Sector
ACCREDITING AGENCIES YEAR ESTABLISHED
Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU)
1957
Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities - Commission on Accreditation (PACU-COA)
1973
Association of Christian Schools, Colleges and Universities Accrediting Agency, Inc. (ACSCU-AAI)
1976
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Accrediting Agencies for the Public Sector
ACCREDITING AGENCIESYEAR
ESTABLISHED
Accrediting Agency of Chartered Colleges and Universities of the Philippines, Inc. (AACCUP)
1987
Association of Local Colleges and Universities Commission on Accreditation (ALCUCOA)
2003
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CHED
FAAP NNQAA
ACSCU-AAI PAASCU PACU-COA AACCUP ALCUCOA
CHED-RECOGNIZED ACCREDITATION SYSTEM
(CMO.1, s. 2005)
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PAASCU BOARD OF TRUSTEES
GRADE SCHOOL MEDICAL EDUCATION
HIGH SCHOOL
TERTIARY EDUCATION
GRADUATE PROGRAMS
PAASCU COMMISSIONS
BASIC EDUCATION
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Founding Member, Asia-Pacific Quality Network
(APQN) established in 2003
70 member agencies and institutions from 30 countries
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Founding Member: International Network for Quality Assurance Agencies in Higher Education (INQAAHE) since 1991Membership: 200 accrediting agencies from over a hundred countries
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Certified by the U.S. Department of Education National Committee for Foreign Medical Education Accreditation (NCFMEA) until 2017
Comparable to standards used to accredit US Medical Schools
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BANGLADESH American International University-Bangladesh
SAMOAOceania University of Medicine
THAILANDNIVA International School
BAHRAINPhilippine School (Bahrain)
INDONESIAUniversitas Gadjah Mada
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History of Accreditation (MD)
1957 – Philippine Accrediting Association of Schools, Colleges and Universities (PAASCU) organized
1967 – Association of Philippine Medical Colleges (APMC) established
1999 – APMC-PAASCU worked on the accreditation process for the M.D. Program
2001 – PAASCU created the Commission on Medical Education
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History of Accreditation (MD)
2001 – An M.D. is elected to the PAASCU Board of Trustees
2003 – UP: First M.D. Program to receive formal accreditation
2004 – UERM: 2nd M.D. Program to be accredited
2007 – CIM: 3rd M.D. Program to be accredited
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PAASCU Accreditation Process
Institutional Self-survey
Pre-survey or prelimina
ry visit
Formal survey
visit
Initial accredita
tion (3 years)
Full accreditat
ion (5 years)
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Areas Evaluated
1. Mission and Objectives2. Faculty3. Curriculum and Instruction4. Clinical Training/Service Facilities5. Research6. Students7. Library8. Administration9. Physical Plant and Other Resources
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CHED Accreditation Levels
Status DescriptionCandidate Submitted preliminary surveyLevel I Initial accreditation, 3 yearsLevel II Formal accreditation, 5 yearsLevel III Re-accreditation, 5 yearsLevel IV Re-accreditation, 5 years
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CHED Accreditation LevelsStatus Description
Level III Re-accreditedMeets first 2 criteria plus any 2 of the rest:• HIGH STANDARD OF INSTRUCTION• HIGHLY VISIBLE RESEARCH TRADITION• Highly visible community program• Strong faculty development• Highly creditable licensure exam
performance• Working Consortia or Linkages• Extensive library and learning resources
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CHED Accreditation LevelsStatus DescriptionLevel IV • Very high quality academic programs
• Prestige and authority• Comparable to excellent foreign
universities• Excellent outcomes in:• Research• Teaching and Learning• Community Service and Social
Upliftment• International Linkages and Consortia• Planning Processes
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Accreditation Benefits
STATUS BENEFITSLevel I • Full administrative and financial
deregulation• Priority for grants and funding
assistance• Authority to revise curriculum• Authority to graduate students• Right to use the word “Accredited”
in advertisements/publications
Level II
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Accreditation Benefits
STATUS BENEFITSLevel III • All the benefits for Levels I,II
• Curricular deregulation• Privilege to offer distance education and
extension classes for Level III courses and to participate in transnational education
Level IV • All the above benefits• Grant of charter or Full autonomy for the
program• Award of grants/subsidies from the
CHED’s Higher Education Development Fund (HEDF)
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MEDICAL SCHOOLS STATUS1. University of the Philippines Manila IV
2 University of the East Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Medical Center, Inc. IV
3. Cebu Institute of Medicine II4. Oceania University of Medicine (Apia, Samoa) I5. University of Santo Tomas I6. Xavier University – Dr. Jose P. Rizal College of
Medicine, Cagayan de Oro I7. De La Salle – Health Sciences Institute
Dasmariñas, Cavite I8. Far Eastern University – Dr. Nicanor Reyes Medical
Foundation, Quezon City I9. Saint Louis University, Baguio City I
10 Davao Medical School Foundation, Davao City I
PAASCU Accredited Medical Schools
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MEDICAL SCHOOLS STATUS
West Visayas State University Candidate
Ateneo de Zamboanga Candidate
PAASCU Candidate Medical Schools
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PAASCU Applicant Medical Schools
1. Angeles University Foundation, Angeles City2. MCU-Filemon D. Tanchoco Memorial Foundation,
Inc., Caloocan City3. Silliman University Medical School, Dumaguete City4. Southwestern University, Cebu City5. Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela City6. University of St. La Salle, Bacolod City7. Central Philippine University, Iloilo City8. Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Impact of Accreditation
• Improved quality of medical education• Better student/graduate outcomes• Better quality of care for patients• Published research lacking
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Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV
Objective: Investigate the USMLE performance of ECFMG applicants based on medical school PAASCU accreditation status.
Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.
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RESULTS
School Accreditation Status
First attempt pass rate
Step 1 Step 2 ClinicalKnowledge
Step 2 ClinicalSkills
Non-Accredited
31.2%N = 779
45.9%N = 442
79.3%N = 284
Candidate for Accreditation
34.8%N = 310
58.3%N = 168
77.9%N = 145
Accredited63.7%
N = 159977.3%
N = 120487.1%
N = 1084
First attempt USMLE pass rates by school accreditation status
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Results:• Applicants from accredited schools were
more likely to pass all USMLE exams on the first attempt as compared to applicants from non-accredited schools.• Applicants from candidate for
accreditation schools performed similarly to applicants from non-accredited schools.
Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV
Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.
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Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV
Results: • For USMLE Step 1, attending an
accredited school was associated with increases in first attempt pass rates of 15.9% for Mexican citizens and 29.2% for Philippine citizens.
Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.
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Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV
• Results:
• In registrants from the Philippines who took all three examinations, attending an accredited medical school was also associated with increased success in obtaining ECFMG certification.
Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.
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Medical education accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines: impact on student outcomes. van Zanten M1, McKinley D, Durante Montiel I, Pijano CV
Conclusion:
These findings support the value and usefulness of accreditation in Mexico and the Philippines by linking accreditation to improved student outcomes.
Med Educ 2012 Jun;46(6):586-92.
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Summary
• Accreditation of medical schools in the Philippines is in its infancy.• Accreditation is voluntary.• PAASCU is the accrediting agency tasked
to accredit medical schools in the Philippines.• Accreditation status of medical schools
appears to correlate with student outcomes.
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Acknowledgements
• Dr. Ramon ArcadioVice President, PAASCUChairman, PAASCU Commission on Medical Education
• Dr. Jose CuetoExaminer, Board of MedicineProfessional Regulation CommissionPhilippines
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UP MEDICAL ALUMNI FUND (UPMAF)in collaboration with
UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILACOLLEGE OF MEDICINECOLLEGE OF NURSING
COLLEGE OF PHARMACYpresents
PATIENT SAFETY CONGRESS “TOWARDS A UNIFIED APPROACH TO PATIENT SAFETY: THE ASEAN PERSPECTIVE”
June 24-26, 2015 The Manila Hotel
1st
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1st ASEAN Patient Safety Congress, Manila, Philippines (June 24-26, 2015)
Coinciding activities:• UPCM Grand Scientific Symposium• Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Deans
Meeting• Annual ASEAN Medical Schools Research
Network
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Scientific Program• Plenary Sessions – Basic Concepts and Principles of Patient Safety,– Safety culture,– Patient Safety Management Strategies– Ethico-legal issues in Patient Safety– Patient & Family Engagement
• Parallel Symposia – Teamwork & Effective Communication– Safety Across the Continuum of Care
• Infection Control• Medication Errors• Safety in Invasive Procedures
– Patient Safety in Education and Health Care Management
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Scientific Program• Consensus Building Statement and Guiding
Principles for Patient Safety in the ASEAN region
• Free paper sessions