accessibility, usability and user centred design (user centred design)

31
Accessibility Usability User centred design User centred design 3

Upload: david-lamas

Post on 06-May-2015

4.308 views

Category:

Education


4 download

DESCRIPTION

ccessibility, Usability and User Centred Design slides

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

AccessibilityUsabilityUser centred designUser centred design

3

Page 2: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

2

Contents

Initial concepts

Accessibility, usability and UCD

Page 3: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

Initial concepts

Click icon to add picture

Page 4: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

User centred design

So… what is user centred design?It’s a design philosophy that believes that real users and

their goals, not just technology, should be the driving force behind the development of a service or product

Its three main principles are:(stated as early as 1985 by Gould and Lewis)

Early focus on users and tasks

Empirical measurement

Iterative design

Page 5: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

5

User centred design

Early focus on users and tasksThis means understanding who the users will be by directly

studying their cognitive, behavioural, anthropomorphic and attitudinal characteristics

This requiresObserving users doing their normal task

Studying the nature of those tasks

Involving users in the design process

Page 6: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

6

User centred design

Early focus on users and tasks further means…Asking “what technologies are available to provide better support to users’

goals” rather than asking “where can we deploy this new technology”

Understanding behaviour highlighting priorities, preferences and implicit intensionsOne argument against studying current behaviour is that we are looking to improve

how things work, not to capture bad habits

Supporting human cognitive and physical characteristicsCognitive aspects include attention, memory and perception

Physical aspects include height, mobility and strength

Consulting users throughout the design and development iterationsAnd taking their input seriously into account

Taking all design decisions within the context of the users, their work and their environmentThis does not mean that users are actively involved in design decisions but rather

that designers remain aware of the users while making their decisions

Page 7: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

7

User centred design

Empirical measurementThis means that the reactions and performance of intended

users to…printed scenarios

manuals and help systems

simulations

prototypes

…should be observed, measured and analysed as early in the design and development process as possible

Page 8: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

8

User centred design

Iterative designThis means that design and development should be iterative

with cycles of design, test, measure, redesign being repeated as often as necessaryThis way, when problems are found in user testing, they are fixed

and then more tests and observations are carried out to see the effects of the fixes

Page 9: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

9

Interaction design

User centred interaction design is based on four basic activities:Identifying needs and establishing requirements for the user experience

In order to design something to support people, we must know who our target users are and what kind of support an interactive product could usefully provide

Developing alternative designs that meet those requirementsActually supplying ideas for meeting the requirements is the core activity of

designing

Building interactive versions of the designs

Evaluating what is being built throughout the process and the user experience it offersEvaluation is the process of determining the usability and acceptability of a

service or product

Page 10: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

10

Interaction design

But… how do we go about these four basic activities?Understanding what activities are involved in user centred

interaction design is important but so it is to understand how the activities are related to one another so that the full development process can be perceivedThere are a number of lifecycle models that capture a set of

activities and hoe the are relatedWaterfall lifecycle model

Spiral lifecycle model

Dynamic systems development lifecycle model

Agile development lifecycle model

Star lifecycle model

Usability engineering lifecycle model

Human-centred design lifecycle model

ISO 13407

Page 11: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

11

Interaction design

And lifecycle models are important…They allow designers, developers and particularly managers

to get an overall view of the foreseen or ongoing effortSo that progress can be tracked, deliverables specified, resources

allocated, targets set, etc.

Existing models have varying levels of sophistication and complexityBut using them does not mean that innovation is lost or that

creativity is compromised

They are just a simplified version of realityAnd as with any good abstraction, only the amount of detail required

for the task at hand should be included

Page 12: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

12

Interaction design

And lifecycle models are important…Just as we can assert that no product has ever been created

in a single moment of inspiration… …especially when the product is entirely new, the development of a set of requirements may well depend upon testing initial ideas in some depth.

W. H. Mayall, Principles of Design, 1979

The plan is the generator. Without a plan, you have lack of order and wilfulness. The plan holds in itself the essence of sensation

Le Corbusier, Towards a New Architecture, 1931

Page 13: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

13

Methods

Now we have user centred interaction design…principles

activities

lifecycles

What’s missing?The methods

Page 14: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

14

Methods

Empirical methodsCard sorting, contextual enquiry, focus groups, interview, log

file analysis, paper prototype test, survey, task analysis, live prototype test

Inspection methodsExpert review, guided walkthrough, heuristic evaluation

Page 15: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

Accessibility, usability and UCD

15

Page 16: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

16

Accessibility

Loiacono, E. T., Romano, N. C., and McCoy, S. 2009. The state of corporate website accessibility. Commun. ACM 52, 9 (Sep. 2009), 128-132

Patience Agabirwe

Norbert Kaarest

Monica Gakindi

Geroli Peedu

Kirke Raud

Page 17: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

17

Accessibility

Hailpern, J., Guarino-Reid, L., Boardman, R., and Annam, S. 2009. Web 2.0: blind to an accessible new world. InProceedings of the 18th international Conference on World Wide Web (Madrid, Spain, April 20 - 24, 2009). WWW '09. ACM, New York, NY, 821-830

Lin Bian

Norbert Kaarest

Ilya Shmorgun

Page 18: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

18

Accessibility

Bigham, J. P. 2007. Accessmonkey: enabling and sharing end user accessibility improvements. SIGACCESS Access. Comput. , 89 (Sep. 2007), 3-6.

Ilya Shmorgun

Page 19: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

19

Accessibility

Shneiderman, B., 2000. Universal Usability: pushing human-computer interaction research to empower every citizen. Communications of the ACM 43(5), pp. 85-91.Jakob Kangur

Page 20: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

20

Accessibilty

Obrenovic, Z., Abascal, J. and Stracevic, S. Universal Accessibility as a Multimodal Design Issue. Communications of the ACM May 2007/Vol. 50, No. 5, p. 83-88.Maarja Pajusalu

Page 21: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

21

Usability

Dicks, R. S. 2002. Mis-usability: on the uses and misuses of usability testing. In Proceedings of the 20th Annual international Conference on Computer Documentation (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, October 20 - 23, 2002). SIGDOC '02. ACM, New York, NY, 26-30.

Patience Agabirwe

Maibritt Kuuskmãe

Norbert Kaarest

Ilya Shmorgun

Page 22: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

22

Usability

Gould, J. D. and Lewis, C. 1985. Designing for usability: key principles and what designers think. Commun. ACM 28, 3 (Mar. 1985), 300-311.

Monica Gakindi

Ilya Shmorgun

Page 23: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

23

Usability

Hollingsed, T. and Novick, D. G. 2007. Usability inspection methods after 15 years of research and practice. InProceedings of the 25th Annual ACM international Conference on Design of Communication (El Paso, Texas, USA, October 22 - 24, 2007). SIGDOC '07. ACM, New York, NY, 249-255.

Jakob Kangur

Monica Gakindi

Page 24: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

24

Sauro, J., Kindlund, E. A Method to Standardize Usability Metrics Into a Single Score. CHI Papers: Methods and Usability. April 2-7 2005 Portland, Oregon, Usa.Maarja Pajusalu

Page 25: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

25

Usability

Hornbæk, K. and Frøkjær, E. 2008. Making use of business goals in usability evaluation: an experiment with novice evaluators. In Proceeding of the Twenty-Sixth Annual SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems(Florence, Italy, April 05 - 10, 2008). CHI '08. ACM, New York, NY, 903-912.

Lin Bian

Page 26: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

26

Usability

Als, B. S., Jensen, J. J., and Skov, M. B. 2005. Comparison of think-aloud and constructive interaction in usability testing with children. In Proceedings of the 2005 Conference on interaction Design and Children (Boulder, Colorado, June 08 - 10, 2005). IDC '05. ACM, New York, NY, 9-16.

Lin Bian

Page 27: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

27

Contents

Initial concepts

Accessibility, usability and UCD

Page 28: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

28

Suggested viewing

Designing Interactions http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVkQYvN4_HA&feature=PlayList&p=32A089D3E2DFB65D&playnext_from=PL&playnext=1&index=11 Bill Moggridge talk at Stanford University

Page 29: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

29

Elective readings

Williams, A. 2009. User-centered design, activity-centered design, and goal-directed design: a review of three methods for designing web applications. In Proceedings of the 27th ACM international Conference on Design of Communication (Bloomington, Indiana, USA, October 05 - 07, 2009). SIGDOC '09. ACM, New York, NY, 1-8.

Mao, J., Vredenburg, K., Smith, P. W., and Carey, T. 2001. User-centered design methods in practice: a survey of the state of the art. In Proceedings of the 2001 Conference of the Centre For Advanced Studies on Collaborative Research (Toronto, Ontario, Canada, November 05 - 07, 2001). D. A. Stewart and J. H. Johnson, Eds. IBM Centre for Advanced Studies Conference. IBM Press, 12.

Jokela, T., Iivari, N., Matero, J., and Karukka, M. 2003. The standard of user-centered design and the standard definition of usability: analyzing ISO 13407 against ISO 9241-11. In Proceedings of the Latin American Conference on Human-Computer interaction (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, August 17 - 20, 2003). CLIHC '03, vol. 46. ACM, New York, NY, 53-60.

Kujala, S. and Kauppinen, M. 2004. Identifying and selecting users for user-centered design. In Proceedings of the Third Nordic Conference on Human-Computer interaction (Tampere, Finland, October 23 - 27, 2004). NordiCHI '04, vol. 82. ACM, New York, NY, 297-303.

Mao, J., Vredenburg, K., Smith, P. W., and Carey, T. 2005. The state of user-centered design practice. Commun. ACM 48, 3 (Mar. 2005), 105-109.

Kiris, E. 2004. User-centered eService design and redesign. In CHI '04 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Vienna, Austria, April 24 - 29, 2004). CHI '04. ACM, New York, NY, 990-1003.

Ungar, J. and White, J. 2008. Agile user centered design: enter the design studio - a case study. In CHI '08 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (Florence, Italy, April 05 - 10, 2008). CHI '08. ACM, New York, NY, 2167-2178.

Page 30: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

30

Further readings

Sharp et al. 2007. Interaction Design, Wiley

Shneiderman and Plaisant 2010. Designing the User Interface, Addison Wesley

Page 31: Accessibility, Usability and User Centred Design (User centred design)

David Lamas, TLU, 2010

31

Relevant links

ACM’s special interest group on computer human interactionhttp://www.sigchi.org/

Usability Professionals Associationhttp://www.upassoc.org/