accelerator complex of the flerov laboratory: present and...
TRANSCRIPT
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BRAZIL-JINR FORUM “Frontiers in Nuclear, Elementary Particle,
and Condensed Matter Physics” Dubna, Russia, June 15-19, 2015
Accelerator complex of the Flerov Laboratory: present and future (Project DRIBs-III)
Andrey G. Popeko Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions,
Joint Institute for Nuclear Research
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Basic directions of researches at FLNR1. Heavy and superheavy nuclei
➢ Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements ➢ Chemistry of new elements ➢ Fusion-fission and multi-nucleon transfer reactions ➢ Mass-spectrometry and nuclear spectroscopy of SH nuclei
2. Light exotic nuclei
➢ Properties and structure of light exotic nuclei ➢ Reactions with exotic nuclei
3. Radiation effects and physical bases of nanotechnology
4. Accelerator technology
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FLEROV LAB’s ACCELERATORS ≈ 15,000 hours/year
U400M U400 U200
IC-100 MT-25
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Plan to upgrade the facilities of the Flerov Laboratory (DRIBs, 2002)
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DRIBs – I U400M – driver-accelerator
Production target Beam transport line
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DRIBs – I Transportation gallery
Beam injection U400 – post accelerator
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Chart of the Nuclides (decay modes)
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GAS PHASE CHEMISTRY WITH ELEMENT 113
Whether the element 113 is a volatile metal? Experiment is running. Preliminary results – it is volatile.
Target (243Am; ≅1.0 mg/cm2)
SiO2- 800°C
He/Ar (70/30)
Au - 113
PIPS detectors 32 pairs2.5m
2 L/min
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DRIBs-IIMICROTRON MT-25Electron energy: 25 MeV Beam intensity: 20 µA γ-ray flux: 1014 s-1
Target size: 30 × 15 mm2 = 100g Fission rate: 1.3×1011 s-1
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88 89 90 91 92 93 941
10
100
YELD
, %
A
238U(γ,f) 232Th(γ,f) 237Np(γ,f) 248Cm(γ,f) 243Am(γ,f)
Kr
135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 1431
10
100
A
232Th(γ,f) 238U(γ,f) 237Np(γ,f) 244Pu(γ,f) 243Am(γ,f) 248Cm SF 248Cm(γ,f)
Xe
Yields of Kr and Xe isotopes in photofission of actinides at γ-energy of 25 MeV
Due to hard radiation conditions the project was stopped (not cancelled!)
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Setup for 6He production study in 7Li(γ,p)6He reaction
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DRIBs-I: experiments with 6He beam
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
1x103
2x103
3x103
4x103
5x103
6x103
7x103
Measured by magnetic spectrometer MSP-144
E (6He) = 60.3 MeVFWHM = ± 0.4 MeVINTENSITY = 5*106 ppsCo
unts
E (MeV) 0,6 0,8 1,0 1,2 1,4 1,610-4
10-3
10-2
10-1
100
6He+209Bi [9] 6He+206Pb 4He+208Pb [18] 6Li+209Bi [16]
Ec.m./Bc
σ fus
/πr2
(a.u
.)
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protons protons
S
neutronsneutrons
P1/2
P3/23He4He
5He 6He7He8He
9He10He
2H 3H
4H 5H 6H 7H
Light superheavies
Double magic nucleus?
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10He: 2n-transfer 8He 10He
p3H2n
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0
2
4
6
n p n p n p n p
shell population scheme
1−
2+
1s-0d0p1/2
0p3/20p
1−
1−1−
2+
2+
2+1−
Excit
ation
ener
gy E
* (MeV
)
18Ne 16O 14C 12Be 10He
2+
N = 8 isotone
0+ ground state
0sn p
Breakdown of the N=8 shell in 10He.
10He was produced in the 2n-transfer reaction with the use of the secondary 8He beam and cryogenic tritium target: 3H(8He,p)10He.
Owing to specific angular and energy correlations of 10He decay products for the first time the spin-parity assignment was made for the low-lying states of 10He. The experimental data were interpreted as
a superposition of 0+, 1- and 2+ states. The established level sequence shows that 10He is one more drip-line nucleus demonstrating the shell structure breakdown.
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That we have learnt:➢SHE can be synthesized; ➢Chemistry of SHE can be studied; ➢We have only 12,000 hours beam time / year; ➢We need new facilities; ➢We have not enough experimental space; ➢In the RIB-mode only one experiment can run; ➢We can not accelerate ions heavier than Xe; ➢Radiation safety requirements are strong;
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Targets – radiation safety
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Production cross-sections of heavy and super-heavy
18
100 / h
1 / week
1 / 20 y
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What is beyond 118 element?
➢ Heavier projectiles (50Ti, 54Cr, 58Fe, 64Ni) ➢ Heavier targets (251Cf, 254Es -???); ➢ Symmetric reactions: 136Xe+136Xe, 136Xe+150Nd, 150Nd
+150Nd; ➢ Multi–Nucleon–Exchange - Reactions with RIB (??, or
colliders – technique – (K4-K10)): ➢ Nucleon transfer reactions (136Xe+208Pb, 238U+248Cm).
Sufficient increasing of overall experiment efficiency is needed!
Heaviest target: 249Cf → Zmax= 118 ↓
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Alternative methods for synthesis of SHE
No chances for low-intensive beams of accelerated fission fragments like 132Sn
More intensive beam is needed 160Gd + 186W is a good testing reaction
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In search of a way to the Island of Stability
In search of a new way to the Island of Stability
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Super-heavy Element Factory @ FLNR the goal: high production rate of SHE
➢More beam time; ➢More beam current; ➢More transmission; ➢Less background; ➢More radiation safety.
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Project DRIBs-III accepted for 2010 – 2016
➢Creation of SHE factory based on the high-intensity universal DC280 cyclotron (A≤ 238, E ≤ 10 MeV ·A , I ≤ 20 pµA) in a new separate radiation safety class II experimental building. ➢Creation of new generation experimental set-ups. ➢Construction of a special building for physical groundwork of nanotechnology (1500 m2), based on IC100 and U400M.
Further development proposed for 2017 – 2023
➢Completion of modernization of the cyclotron U400. ➢Total reconstruction of the U400 experimental hall, including 6 radiation safe experimental caves. ➢Completion of modernization of the cyclotron U400М. ➢Sharing of physical tasks between accelerators. ➢Reconstruction of the U200 cyclotron.
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Basic facilities and SHE-factory
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New 18 GHz Ion sources DECRIS-SC1, SC2
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DC280-cyclotron – stand-alone SHE-factory
➢ Synthesis and study of properties of superheavy elements.
➢ Search for new reactions for SHE-synthesis.
➢ Chemistry of new elements.
DC280 (expected) E=4÷8 MeV/A
Ion Ion energy [MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 4 1×1014
18O 8 1×1014
40Ar 5 6×1013
48Ca 5 0,6-1,2×1014
54Cr 5 2×1013
58Fe 5 1×1013
124Sn 5 2×1012
136Xe 5 1×1014
238U 7 5×1010
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The magnet of DC280
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Ion source DECRIS-4 - 14 GHz DECRIS-SC3 - 18 GHz
Injecting beam potential Up to 100 kVA/Z range 4÷7Energy 4÷8 MeV/nMagnetic field level 0.6÷1.35 TK factor 280Gap between plugs 400 mmValley/hill gap 500/208 mm/mmMagnet weight 1000 tMagnet power 300 kWDee voltage 2x130 kVRF power consumption 2x30 kWFlat-top dee voltage 2x14 kV
DC280 Main Parameters
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DC280 Parameter Goals
1. High injecting beam energy (up to 100 kV)
Shift of space charge limits for factor 30
2. High gap in the center Space for long spiral inflector
3. Low magnetic field Large starting radius. High turns separation. Low deflector voltage
4. High acceleration rate High turns separation.
5. Flat-top system High capture. Single orbit extraction. Beam quality.
DC280 Parameters and Goals
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Experimental Hall of the SHE-Factory radiation safety class-II
on-line: http://inflnr.jinr.ru/dc280.html
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SHE Factory. Liquid radioactive waste tanks
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U400R CYCLOTRON stand-alone & post-accelerator
U400R (expected)
Ion Ion energy [MeV/A]
Output intensity
6He 2.8 ÷ 14 108
8He 1.6 ÷ 8 105
7Li 2-17 1×1014
16O 6,4 -27 1×1014
40Ar 1-5,1 6×1013
48Ca 1,6-11 1.5×1013
50Ti 4,1-21 6×1012
58Fe 1,2-7,5 6×1012
84Kr 0,8-3,5 2×1012
132Xe 0,8-3,5 3×1012
238U 1,5- 8 5×1011
➢ Fusion-fission; ➢ Quasi-fission; ➢ Nuclear spectroscopy; ➢ New heavy isotopes; ➢ Multi nucleon transfer reactions; ➢ Sub-barrier fusion; ➢ Reactions with exotic nuclei ➢ Structure of light exotic nuclei.
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U400M CYCLOTRON stand-alone & driving accelerator
➢ Properties and structure of light exotic nuclei;
➢ Astrophysics; ➢ Reactions with exotic nuclei; ➢ Light neutron-rich nuclei; ➢ Deep inelastic scattering; ➢ Producing of RIBs.
U400M E=30 ÷ 50 MeV/A E=4.5 ÷ 9 MeV/A
Ion Ion energy [MeV/A]
Output intensity
7Li 35 6×1013
18O 33 1×1013
40Ar 40 1×1012
48Ca 5 6×1012
54Cr 5 3×1012
58Fe 5 3×1012
124Sn 5 2×1011
136Xe 5 4×1011
238U 7 2×1010
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Instrumentation
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New set-ups
➢New gas filled separators, ➢New separators-spectrometers, ➢Something for transfer reactions products, ➢Preseparator, ➢Gas catcher, ➢Laser ionization, ➢Fast radiochemical methods, …
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New FLNR gas-filled “physical” separator
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New FLNR gas-filled “chemical” separator
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High transmission for asymmetric combinations (beams of 12C, 14N,16O, 22Ne) Availability for symmetric combinations (136Xe + 136Xe → 272Hs*)
Velocity filter SHELS
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Mass-spectrometer MASHA
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January 2015
Fragment-separator ACCULINNA-2: assembling and testing.
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Production of new heavy nuclei in the region of N=126
“blank spot”
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New setup for selective laser ionization (project GaLS )
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GABRIELA @ SHELS
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GABRIELA 2015: Gamma detection efficiency estimations for new detector set up
Preliminary GEANT4 detector arrangement including a Clover and 4 EUROGAM phase-I. These surround the 10x10 cm2 implantation detector (in blue) and its PCB (green).
Right : A first estimate of the achievable singles efficiency as a function of photon energy f or a distributed source.
Clover detector
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First research experiment with accelerated 50Ti beam at FLNR U400 cyclotron.
50Ti beam intensity – 3x1012 pps.Modernized VASSILISSA separator and neutron
detector at the focal plane. 50Ti + 208Pb = 2n + 256Rf
more than 1500 events detected.
3He neutron detector at the focal plane of separator
For the first time: neutron multiplicity was measured for spontaneous fission of the 256Rf
isotope.
TKE spectra of 256Rf s.f. fragments
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Other projects are under preparation
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Innovation projects in the Nanotechnology Centre
➢A new roll-to roll etching facility for the development of new track-etch membranes
➢Facilities for surface modification of nano-structured composite filmy materials
➢A diversified electron microscopy laboratory for performing the studies of micro- and nano-structured materials produced using ion beam modification methods
➢A diversified laboratory for the studies of ion-induced radiation effects in matter, including AFM, optical spectroscopy, IR Raman spectroscopy, luminescence, and others
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Full-scale realization off the DRIBs-III
U400M
DRIBs
MT25
U200
IC100
Nuclear physics with stable & RI-beams
U400M &SC ECR
Nano/Lab1500m2
1500m21000m2
DC-280 new
SHE Factory
Production & study of exotic nuclei
Applied research
U400R upgraded
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Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions (JINR)
THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION !