HPT001.037Rev. 0Page 1 of 52

TP-1TVAN Technical Training

Health Physics (RADCON) Initial Training Program

ACADs (08-006) Covered

KeywordsPathways, pathway analysis, preoperational monitoring, water sampling, plant effects, trends in environment.

Description

Supporting MaterialInstructor Notes

Radiological Environmental Monitoring Programs (REMP)

1.1.8.3 1.2.1.9 3.1.1.7 3.1.1.14 3.2.4.4 3.3.7.4 3.3.8.21 3.3.10.7

3.3.10.8 3.3.12.18 3.3.14.7.4 3.3.14.7.7 3.3.15.1 3.3.15.2 3.3.15.5 4.2.7.26

4.16.6

Enabling Objectives

• Objectives of REMP• REMP Requirements Document• Two Primary Pathways• Parameters of Critical Pathway Analysis• Importance of Preoperational Monitoring• Direct Radiation Measurements• Local, Perimeter, & Remote Stations

Enabling Objectives

• Categories of Food Products• Water Sampling Technique• Categories of Fish• Quality Control Samples• Purpose of Land Use Survey• Predominant Fission/Activation Product• Results Report

REMP Objectives

• Determine Plant Effects on People• Determine Trends of Radioactivity in the

Environment• Provide Assurance to the Public• Meet Regulatory Requirements• Provide for Monitoring during Emergencies

REMP Bases

• 10 CFR 50, Appendix A, General Design Criterion 64 - Monitor Plant Environs for Radioactivity.

• 10 CFR 50, Appendix I, Appropriate Monitoring to Evaluate Doses.

• NRC Generic Letter 89-01 – Programmatic Controls in Tech Specs & ODCM

REMP Descriptions

• FSAR – General Monitoring Program• Plant Technical Specifications – Administrative

Controls.• Plant Offsite Dose Calculation Manual

(ODCM) – Specific Requirements for the Monitoring Programs

Critical Pathways

• Airborne Pathways

• Waterborne Pathways

Airborne Pathways

• Direct (Air)1. Direct Radiation2. Inhalation

• Indirect (Ground or Terrestrial)1. Materials Deposited on Ground2. Materials Deposited on Plants and Ingested.

Waterborne Pathway

• Ingestion of Water

• Ingestion of Fish or other Aquatic Animals or Plants

• Direct Exposure at the Shoreline

Pathways for Exposure

Parameters for aCritical Pathway Analysis

• Dose Projections

• Weather Patterns

• Population Distribution

• Land Use

Air-Related PathwaysDose Conc. LLDmRem/yr

1. Air pCi/m3 pCi/m3 I-131 0.05 0.0024 0.0100Noble Gas 0.43

2. Milk pCi/L pCi/LI-131 0.09 0.05 0.50

3. Vegetables pCi/Kg pCi/KgI-131 0.62 0.21 1-8Sr-90 1.00 0.11 8Sr-89 0.70 1.00 40

RankingAir-Related Pathways

Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)

Sr Iodine Noble Gases

1. Vegetation(1.7) Milk (>1)(1.0 Sr-90) (Conservative(0.7 Sr-89) Assumptions)

2. Vegetation (0.62) Direct (0.43)3. Inhalation (0.05)

Milk (0.09) (Actual Location)

4.

Dose Distribution – SQN% of Total MonitorsRank Dose Sector 1-10 Miles >10 Miles 1 19.1 SSW LM, PM 2 15.4 NNE LM, PM RM 3 13.9 NE LM 4 9.0 N LM, PM 5 9.0 SW PM RM 6 6.6 S 7 5.0 SSE 8 4.7 ENE 9 3.4 SE 10 3.0 NNW 11 2.5 WSWPM 12 2.3 E 13 2.2 ESE RM 14 1.5 W PM 15 1.4 NW 16 0.9 WNW RM

Dose DistributionTimes Population - SQN

% of TotalRank Dose Sector Monitors, 1-10 Miles 1 19 SSW LM, PM 2 15 WSW PM 3 12 SW PM 4 9 NW 5 9 W PM 6 6 WNW 7 5 S 8 3 NNW 9 3 SSE 10 2 N LM 11 2 NNE LM 12 2 SE 13 1 ESE 14 1 NE LM 15 1 ENE 16 1 E

Water-Related PathwaysAnnual DosemRem/yr Concentration LLD

1. Water pCi/L pCi/LMF&AP 0.0023 0.0920 5-10I-131 0.0051 0.0036 1-8H-3 0.0001 2.0000 330Sr-90 0.0022 0.0004 2

2. Fish pCi/g pCi/gMF&AP 0.3800 2.0000 0.01-0.10I-131 0.0210 0.0020 0.02Sr-90 0.0055 0.0001 0.10

MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

RankingWater-Related Pathways

Based on Calculated Annual Dose (mRem/yr)

Iodine Sr MF&AP1. 2. Fish

(0.38)3. Fish

Ingestion (0.021)4. Water Water Water

Ingestion (0.0051) Ingestion (0.0022) Ingestion

Fish (0.0055) (0.0023)

MF&AP = Mixed Fission & Activated Products

PreoperationalMonitoring Program

• Establish Background Radiation Levels

• Identify Fluctuations in Background Data

Background Fluctuations

• Seasonal

• Annual

• Random

Gross Beta in Air

ThermoluminescentDosimeter

Direct RadiationMonitoring

Atmospheric MonitoringStations

• Local Monitors (LM) – On or Adjacent to the Site Boundary

• Perimeter Monitors (PM) – 3-10 Miles from the Site

• Remote Monitors (RM) – > 10 Miles from the Site

Air Monitor Station

Original Air Filter

Air FlowMeasuring Equipment

Present Air SampleCollector

Air Filter Assembly

Rainwater Collection Tray

One Type ofSoil Sampler

Typical Food Products - 1

• Fresh Leafy Vegetables1. Lettuce2. Cabbage3. Greens

• Other Vegetables1. Tomatoes2. Green Beans3. Corn

Typical Food Products - 2

• Tubers1. Potatoes2. Turnips

• Fruits1. Apples2. Peaches

• Meat/Poultry1. Beef2. Chicken

Water Sampling Station

Fish Samples

• Commercial Species1. Catfish2. Smallmouth Buffalo

• Game Species1. Bass2. Crappie

Electrofishing

Sample Analyses

• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-

Gamma Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting

Liquid ScintillationCounting

Sample Analyses• Gross Beta – Low Background Counter• I-131 Specific – Chemical Separation & Beta-Gamma

Coincidence Counting• Sr-89,90 – Chemical Separation/Beta Ct.• Tritium – Liquid Scintillation Counting• Gamma – Gamma Spectroscopy

1. Marinelli Beaker2. “Cottage Cheese” Type Container, Various

• Charcoal Cartridge – High Resolution Gamma

Marinelli Beakers

Counting Solid Samples

Quality Control Program

• Equipment Checks• Laboratory Cross Check Program with Outside

Laboratory• Split Samples with AL, TN, & EPA• Quality Control Samples• Supervisors Review Trends/Problems

Quality Control Samples

• Blank Samples• Duplicate Samples• Split Samples• Analytical Knowns• Blind Spikes• Internal Cross-Checks

Land Use Survey

Direct Radiation LevelsSequoyah Nuclear Plant

Four Quarter Moving Average

10

15

20

25

1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005

Calendar Year

Ave

rage

Exp

osur

e /

mR

/ Q

tr

On-Site

Off-Site

Initial SQNP operation in July, 1980

Cs-137 in Soil

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report

• Site/Plant Descriptions• Monitoring Program Description• Assessment/Evaluation of Plant Impacts• Monitoring Program Modifications• Missed Samples/Analyses

Annual Radiological Environmental Operating Report

• Analytical Procedures• Nominal Lower Limits of Detection (LLD)• Quality Assurance/Quality Control Program• Land Use Survey Results• Data Tables

Summary - Analysis

• Critical Pathway Analysis Includes Dose Projections

Based on:

1. Dose Projections

2. Weather Patterns

3. Population Distribution

4. Land Use

Summary - REMP

• REMP Sampling1. Direct Radiation2. Atmospheric Media3. Terrestrial Media4. Waterborne Media

• Quality Assurance/Quality Control• Land Use Survey• Annual Report to NRC