academic writing carol m. allen may 2007 writing styles in the online program personal/informal...
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![Page 1: Academic Writing Carol M. Allen May 2007 Writing Styles in the Online Program Personal/Informal –E-mail –Discussion Topics –Journals Formal –Academic](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649d805503460f94a64a12/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Academic WritingAcademic WritingAcademic WritingAcademic WritingCarol M. AllenCarol M. Allen
May 2007May 2007
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Writing Styles in the Online Program
• Personal/Informal– E-mail– Discussion Topics– Journals
• Formal– Academic Papers– Presentations– Projects
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Writing Plan• Regardless of what writing style
you are using, your writing should include:– Title (or topic)– Introduction– Body– Conclusion
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Writing Plan: Preparation
• Consider the following:– The purpose of
the writing– The audience
(reader)– Sources of
information available
• For assignments:– Understand the
assignment expectations
– Note guidelines for length of paper and number/type of sources required
– Note the submission dates
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Writing Plan: Title
• The title should identify what the writing is about.
• Easily identify content focus• It can help the reader and sender
with organizing communications• Might adjust wording once content
completed
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Writing Plan: Introduction
• States your purpose in the writing
• Indicates topics in the content (your main point)
• States your conclusion
• It should– Engage the reader– Spark curiosity
about the topic– Tell the reader
what to expect in the writing
• “This paper will…”
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Writing Plan: Body
• The body of the paper develops the concepts and supports the points you cover in the paper
• Using an outline – A rough outline
may be acceptable for most informal writing assignments
– A formal outline should be developed for Formal writing assignments
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Writing Plan: Conclusion
• Use the conclusion to wrap up your main point(s)
• It may summarize the key points made in the body of your paper without introducing new concepts
• You may give suggestions, advice, or propose future study needs
• It should be decisive and come full circle (from the introduction)
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Writing Plan:Revising
• Regardless of what style of writing you are involved with, you should anticipate revising:
• ALWAYS CHECK YOUR WORK
• Areas to check:– Focus/purpose– Organization of
content (Sequence)
– Completeness of content
– Grammar and Punctuation
– APA format
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Writing Plan: Proof Read
• This is the final and most important step before submitting
• Methodical search for typos, omitted or added words, and clarity
• “A carefully proofread essay sends the message that you value your writing and respect your readers” (Hacker, 2007, p. 23).
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Qualifying for the WPE• Your papers must demonstrate
three elements of proficiency:– Critical Thinking, effective use of your
own ideas (worth 40%)– Critical Reading: Effective use of
multiple sources (worth 40%)– Elements of Writing: Effective use of
writing skills (worth 20%)
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Critical Thinking• Develop a sustained, clear position (often by
using a thesis, central idea, or hypothesis)– Assignment question will instruct you how to focus
on the topic; maintain focus throughout your paper– Paper should go in depth about a single topic– May include: examination of evidence, assess the
source and quality of evidence, distinguish between fact and fiction, acknowledge, analyze, and evaluate value judgments in the readings and your own position
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Critical Thinking (cont)• Synthesize source
materials– Develop own position
with clear references– Quote, frame, and
analyze passages with the clear purpose of supporting your position
– Summarize and attribute (cite) any ideas used from readings
• Organize your argument in a clear and appropriate sequence– Support central idea– Sustain throughout– Each paragraph
contains one idea, supported and developed
– Paragraphs are “linked” in a chain of reasoning that develops your argument persuasively
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Critical Reading• Identify, Summarize, Define key
terms or categories of classification– Identify the key terms and definitions
in the readings; establish common themes as well as contested
– Summarize: generalizations that condense complex ideas
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Critical Reading (Cont)• Analyze and Evaluate
– Begins with summarizing, but goes further, working the meaning
– Evaluation acknowledges various perspectives and explains your position
– Weighs complex issues in terms of strengths and weaknesses of the varied perspectives
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Critical Reading (cont)• Synthesize and Assess key
concepts– Pulls together various assumptions in
the readings and assesses them– Synthesize the ideas—connect to your
position. Often a continuation of analysis and evaluation
– Puts the ideas back together to connect your position
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Elements of Writing• Organize Paragraphs
– Globally: Each signals a new idea, and how it is related to the paragraphs before and after. Check length, unity, and order
– Locally: Focus on one idea per paragraph, each sentence connects, develop ideas—sentence picks up idea from previous one and advances it further by analysis
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Elements of Writing (Cont)
• Sentences should express your meaning clearly– Avoid: clichés, common place knowledge,
contractions, and underdeveloped or overdeveloped sentences
– Organize to make meaning clear and understandable to the reader
– Check for wordiness, spelling, word choice, and mechanics
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References• Hacker, D. (2007). A writer’s
reference. (6th Edition). Boston:Bedford/St.Martin’s.
• UMB. (2006). A brief version of the elements of writing proficiency. [Unpublished summary of WPE evaluation tool].