academic vocabulary tool kit 4th grade - katie danso-danquah's...
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© Shyla Vesitis, Greene County Public Schools 2014
Academic Vocabulary
Tool Kit
4th Grade
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2 | F o u r t h G r a d e
The words in this tool kit were gleaned from benchmark tests and SOL released items, however, please be
aware that this type of language is also used in textbooks and on worksheets. This tool kit is designed to be
a visual aid for your students. As you may be aware, research indicates that only about 30 percent of our
students are auditory learners. Therefore, we must present vocabulary visually and in a tactile/kinesthetic
fashion in addition to presenting it auditorily. Below are some examples of supports that can be used to help
visual and tactile/kinesthetic learners acquire academic vocabulary.
WIDA Consortium: Understanding the WIDA ELP Standards: A Resource Guide 2007 Edition
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3 | F o u r t h G r a d e
Test designers have reinvented the way some common vocabulary words are used. Therefore, it is
necessary to deliberately teach these words as they are used academically or in an assessment format. For
most of the academic vocabulary words in this tool kit, there will be a definition, example of how the word is
used, and a suggested activity. Some of the words which tend to be more subject specific are included in this
tool kit as a means of reminding us that some words need to be taught explicitly.
The goal is for these words to become part of our shared vocabulary and part of the culture of the
classroom. We want the use of these words to become second nature for our students. The following are
suggestions of small moments that can be used for academic vocabulary review:
morning meeting
lining up in the classroom to leave
lunch lines
hallway transitions
classroom transitions between stations/centers
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4 | F o u r t h G r a d e
Academic Vocabulary
Tool Kit
4th Grade
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5 | F o u r t h G r a d e
all that apply
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6 | F o u r t h G r a d e
all that apply = multiple correct responses
This phrase applies specifically to TEI questions which
require more than one answer. Students are used to only
having one right answer.
While students are in line or in a group, make a rule and ask
a student or students to choose all of the students who apply
to your rule. For example, “To fit my rule, you must be
wearing jeans. Choose all that apply to my rule.”
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7 | F o u r t h G r a d e
blank
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8 | F o u r t h G r a d e
blank (n) = black line, empty box
For example:
“Which word belongs in (or on) the blank?”
In a very literal sense, when we ask a student this question,
what we mean is, “Which word replaces the black line?”
Be explicit in demonstrating to your ELL students that “blank”
means a black line, empty box, or empty space.
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9 | F o u r t h G r a d e
can best be
replaced by
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10 | F o u r t h G r a d e
can best be replaced by = can be exchanged for
For example:
“In paragraph 4, the word distract can best be replaced by-”
Be very explicit in explaining that “replaced” means that one
word or phrase is being removed and the other is being put
in its place. Some ELL students have difficulty great
difficulty with the concept of “replacing” a word or phrase.
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11 | F o u r t h G r a d e
describes
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12 | F o u r t h G r a d e
describes = shows or demonstrates
For example:
“Which best describes the difference between 3,021-987?”
“The sum of 32,796 + 47,580 is best described as –”
The answer is typically an estimate:
“about 70,000”
“closer to 1,000 than 2,000”
This is so tricky! Typically, “describes” is used for specific
attributes, not generalizations. Try to use “best describes” in
a more ambiguous sense.
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13 | F o u r t h G r a d e
expression
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14 | F o u r t h G r a d e
expression = number sentence
For example:
“Which expression best completes the equation shown to
illustrate the associative property of addition?”
“Expression” is used interchangeably with “equation” and
“number sentence.” Use these words interchangeably in
instruction.
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15 | F o u r t h G r a d e
following
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16 | F o u r t h G r a d e
following = the next in a series
When getting ready to give directions, say, “Please listen to
the following directions.” As often as possible use the word
following in the adjective form as opposed to using it in a
verb form.
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17 | F o u r t h G r a d e
identify
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18 | F o u r t h G r a d e
identify = choose or find
For example:
“Identify the equivalent representations for model 2.”
Typically seen in TEI questions. It is used in place of
choose. Occasionally use “identify” instead of “choose” or
“find.”
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19 | F o u r t h G r a d e
illustrate
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20 | F o u r t h G r a d e
illustrate = show or demonstrate
For example:
“Which expression best completes the equation shown to
illustrate the associative property of addition?”
“Illustrate” is so frequently used in the context of an actual
illustration or diagram. Students sometimes get confused
when “illustrate” is used in isolation like this.
Use “illustrate” interchangeably with “demonstrate” or
“show.”
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21 | F o u r t h G r a d e
mean
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22 | F o u r t h G r a d e
mean = definition
It is used in this context, “What does the word _______
mean?”
As often as possible in any subject, choose a word that you
think may be difficult and ask students, “What does that word
mean?” The answer preferably needs to be in the form of a
synonym or short phrase.
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23 | F o u r t h G r a d e
model
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24 | F o u r t h G r a d e
model (n) = picture of a model (base ten blocks)
Students are usually exposed to this word in the context of
actual manipulatives. They may not make the connection
between a picture of a model and the three dimensional
manipulatives. Whenever possible, use pictures of models
in conjunction with actual models.
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25 | F o u r t h G r a d e
models
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26 | F o u r t h G r a d e
models (v) = shows
For example:
The number sentence below models an addition property.
2+3=3+2
The noun, model is often used in the same test. Students
often assume models (v) is being used in the noun form and
have often commented during the test that the models are
missing.
Use “models” in place of “shows” occasionally to
demonstrate that models can also be a verb form.
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27 | F o u r t h G r a d e
mostly about
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28 | F o u r t h G r a d e
mostly about
It is the superlative, “most” or “mostly” in this expression that
is difficult for some students.
While in a group, ask your students, “What color are most
students wearing today?” Instead of asking them to give you
the main idea of a story, sometimes ask them, “What was
that story mostly about?”
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29 | F o u r t h G r a d e
nearest
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30 | F o u r t h G r a d e
nearest = closest in value
In general conversation, we use the term “closest” more
often than “nearest.” When students are in line or sitting
near one another, choose a student to identify which person
is nearest him/her.
Use this term in a math context as well, of course. For
example, “Round 65 to the nearest ten.” Always try to
acknowledge that nearest refers to proximity.
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31 | F o u r t h G r a d e
order
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32 | F o u r t h G r a d e
order (v) = organize or put
For example:
“Order these numbers from least to greatest.”
We typically use the noun form of order as in, “Put the
numbers in order from least to greatest.” Make sure to use
the expressions, “Order” and “Put in order” interchangeably.
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33 | F o u r t h G r a d e
passage
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34 | F o u r t h G r a d e
passage = paragraph, poem, reading selection (it has
multiple meanings in this context)
It is used in this context, “The title of this passage is Sally is
a Sea Turtle. What do you think the passage will be about?”
The word, “passage” is used across the curriculum to identify
a reading selection.
Use the word, “passage” with any reading excerpt that you
share with your class whether it be a poem, a chapter in a
read aloud, or a paragraph in a textbook.
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35 | F o u r t h G r a d e
placed
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36 | F o u r t h G r a d e
placed = put
For example:
“Which number can be placed in the box to make the
following number sentence true?”
Use “placed” instead of “put” in casual conversation. Instead
of asking a student to “put” something on your desk, ask
them to “place” it there.
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37 | F o u r t h G r a d e
related
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38 | F o u r t h G r a d e
related = similar or able to be combined with
This word is used in this context, “Which number sentence is
a related fact for the following number sentence.”
When asking students to line up to go somewhere, choose
some with similar attributes to line up together (i.e. all
blonds, all wearing the same color, all wearing jeans). Ask
your students to identify how those students who lined up
are related to one another.
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39 | F o u r t h G r a d e
represent
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40 | F o u r t h G r a d e
represent/s = show/s
For example:
“The model below is shaded to represent the number 1.”
“Which model represents the number that goes in the blank
to make the statement below true?”
Use “show” and “represent” interchangeably.
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41 | F o u r t h G r a d e
takes place
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42 | F o u r t h G r a d e
takes place = happens
For example:
“The story most likely takes place in…”
Occasionally ask your students to tell you where something
“takes place.” For example, when they are on their way to
the gym, ask them, “Can someone tell me where P.E. takes
place?”
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43 | F o u r t h G r a d e
true
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44 | F o u r t h G r a d e
true = correct; accurate
The most common use is: “Which statement is true?” It is
often followed by a series of mathematical expressions. Use
true and correct interchangeably in instruction.
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45 | F o u r t h G r a d e
used in
place of
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46 | F o u r t h G r a d e
used in place of = exchanged for
This expression is similar to, “best replaced by.” So often,
ELL students associate the word, “place” with a physical
location. Be explicit in your instruction of this phrase and its
relationship to the word, “replace.”
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47 | F o u r t h G r a d e
value
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48 | F o u r t h G r a d e
value (n)= worth
This is typically used in a math context, “What is the value of
the number 7 in 67?” Use value as often as possible in
place of the word, “worth.”