Academic Integrity and Academic Integrity and PlagiarismPlagiarism

Edward EckelEdward EckelEngineering LibrarianEngineering Librarian

Waldo LibraryWaldo Library

On the Index CardsOn the Index Cards

Are there times when cheating or Are there times when cheating or plagiarism is justified?plagiarism is justified?

YES or NOYES or NO

Why or why not?Why or why not?

This EveningThis Evening

What do we mean by academic integrity?What do we mean by academic integrity? Why should you care?Why should you care? How can you avoid plagiarism?How can you avoid plagiarism? Brief discussion (if time)Brief discussion (if time)

Fundamental Values of AIFundamental Values of AI

RespectRespect TrustTrust HonestyHonesty FairnessFairness ResponsibilityResponsibility

Source:Source: Center for Academic Integrity Center for Academic Integrity

Clemson UniveristyClemson Univeristy

PlagiarismPlagiarism

Pretending that the words you write or the Pretending that the words you write or the ideas you express are your original ideasideas you express are your original ideas

Also called Also called academic dishonestyacademic dishonesty Or Or research misconductresearch misconduct

According to McCabe (1990)According to McCabe (1990)

Undergraduates reported engaging in Undergraduates reported engaging in academic dishonesty…academic dishonesty… Business 87%Business 87% Engineering 74%Engineering 74% Science 67%Science 67% Humanities 63%Humanities 63%

Well-Publicized Cases in Well-Publicized Cases in EngineeringEngineering

Russ College of Engineering, Ohio Russ College of Engineering, Ohio University (1986-2006)University (1986-2006) 55 graduate theses55 graduate theses 1 degree revoked, 1 degree revoked, so farso far Numerous theses will have to be rewrittenNumerous theses will have to be rewritten

1998 – Engineering professor plagiarized 1998 – Engineering professor plagiarized grant applications to the NSFgrant applications to the NSF Copied text and a figure without citing sourcesCopied text and a figure without citing sources

ConsequencesConsequences

Embarrassment and inconvenienceEmbarrassment and inconvenience Failure of courseFailure of course Expulsion from schoolExpulsion from school Revocation of degreeRevocation of degree Loss of jobLoss of job Ruined careerRuined career

Every school has policies…Every school has policies… Western Michigan UniversityWestern Michigan University

““Student Code of Conduct”Student Code of Conduct” Page 6: “Page 6: “Academic misconduct – Including Academic misconduct – Including

but not limited to the following: Cheating, but not limited to the following: Cheating, fabrication, falsification, forgery, multiple fabrication, falsification, forgery, multiple submission, plagiarism, complicity, or other submission, plagiarism, complicity, or other forms of academic dishonesty.forms of academic dishonesty.””

““Research Misconduct Policy”Research Misconduct Policy” Page 2: Page 2: “Plagiarism: the appropriation of “Plagiarism: the appropriation of

another person’s ideas, processes, results, or another person’s ideas, processes, results, or words without giving appropriate credit.”words without giving appropriate credit.”

Why Document Sources?Why Document Sources?

Make it easier for readers to consult Make it easier for readers to consult themthem

Give credit to original authorGive credit to original author Avoid accusations of plagiarismAvoid accusations of plagiarism Strengthen your argumentStrengthen your argument

Quoting versus ParaphrasingQuoting versus Paraphrasing

Quotes are not used much in Quotes are not used much in technical writingtechnical writing

You will need to paraphrase or You will need to paraphrase or rewrite things in your own wordsrewrite things in your own words, , using proper citation.using proper citation.

Professors’ ExpectationsProfessors’ Expectations

“…“…internalize and spit back out in internalize and spit back out in [your] own words, to provide [your] [your] own words, to provide [your] own ‘take’ on it…a personal reaction, own ‘take’ on it…a personal reaction, not just paraphrasing.”not just paraphrasing.”

Foster & Gibbons, 2007Foster & Gibbons, 2007

Advice from McMaster UniversityAdvice from McMaster University

Try to understand the idea as Try to understand the idea as completely as you cancompletely as you can

Pretend you are explaining this to Pretend you are explaining this to someone who has never read about it someone who has never read about it beforebefore

Look at several sources (Look at several sources (not just not just oneone) that discuss the idea) that discuss the idea so you can so you can see different examplessee different examples

What counts as What counts as plagiarism?plagiarism?

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

““two heavy chains and two light two heavy chains and two light chains”chains”

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

““The evaluation and everyday work The evaluation and everyday work with VR systems and applications with VR systems and applications made it clear that the design space for made it clear that the design space for Virtual Environments (VEs) is very Virtual Environments (VEs) is very manifold and difficult to understand.”manifold and difficult to understand.”

- Szabo 1998- Szabo 1998

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

““The evaluation and everyday work The evaluation and everyday work with VR systems and applications with VR systems and applications made it clear that the design space for made it clear that the design space for Virtual Environments (VEs) is very Virtual Environments (VEs) is very complexcomplex and and hardhard to understand.” to understand.”

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

““The evaluation and The evaluation and dailydaily work with work with virtual realityvirtual reality systems and applications systems and applications made it clear that the design space for made it clear that the design space for Virtual Environments (VEs) is very Virtual Environments (VEs) is very complexcomplex and and hardhard to understand.” to understand.”

Is this plagiarism?Is this plagiarism?

Working everyday with virtual reality Working everyday with virtual reality systems, one realizes just how complex systems, one realizes just how complex a process it is to effectively design a a process it is to effectively design a virtual environment (Szabo 1998).virtual environment (Szabo 1998).

-Eckel 2007 -Eckel 2007

Questions/Difficulties?Questions/Difficulties?Ask Your Librarian!Ask Your Librarian!

Edward EckelEdward Eckel Phone: 387-5140Phone: 387-5140 Email: Email: edward.eckel@wmich.eduedward.eckel@wmich.edu

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