academic affiliations

CURRICULUM VITAE

ROBERT B. RAFFA, Ph.D. Business Address Temple University School of Pharmacy 3307 N. Broad Street Philadelphia, PA 19140 Tele: (215) 707-4976; Fax: 215-707-5228; E-mail: [email protected]

Title Professor of Pharmacology Chair, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Education

Year Degree Title School

1971 BChE BS

Chemical Engineering Physiological Psychology

University of Delaware, Newark DE

1979 MS Biomedical Engineering Drexel University, Philadelphia PA

1982 PhD Pharmacology Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA

1986 MS Toxicology Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia PA

MS thesis: „Determination of the stimulus-response relations for three alpha-adrenergic

agonists on rabbit aorta: a test of Stephenson's theory of drug action‟ – 1979 Director: Ronald J. Tallarida, Ph.D. MS thesis: „Reversible inhibition of acetylcholine contracture of molluscan smooth muscle

by heavy metals: correlation to calcium displacement' – 1986 Director: C. Paul Bianchi, Ph.D. PhD dissertation: 'Determination of regional brain levels of morphine and naloxone in rats: appli-

cation to pharmacologic dissociation constants in vivo' – 1982 Director: Ronald J. Tallarida, Ph.D. Professional and Academic Appointments 2005 - present Chair, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School of

Pharmacy (TUSP) 1999 - present Professor of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, TUSP &

Research Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Temple University Medical School (TUMS), Philadelphia, PA

1996 - 1999 Associate Professor of Pharmacology, TUSP & Research Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA

1995 - 1996 Research Fellow, The R.W. Johnson Pharmaceutical Research Institute (PRI), Spring House, PA

1991 - 1995 Principal Scientist, PRI, Spring House, PA 1990 - 1991 Senior Scientist, PRI, Spring House, PA 1988 - 1990 Senior Scientist, Janssen Research Foundation (JRF), Spring House, PA 1987 - 1988 Research Scientist, JRF, Spring House, PA 1986 - 1987 Research Scientist, McNeil Pharmaceutical, Spring House, PA 1984 - 1986 Research Assistant Professor, Thomas Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia 1983 - 1984 Research Assistant Professor, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA 1982 - 1983 Research Instructor, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA 1973 - 1977 Chemical Engineer, Frankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, PA

mailto:[email protected]

Robert B. Raffa, Ph.D. 2

Academic Affiliations

1987-present Adjunct faculty, Department of Pharmacology, TUMS, Philadelphia, PA Research Interests

Discovery of novel analgesic agents with opioid or non-opioid mechanisms of action. Preclinical models for drug screening. Endogenous analgesic neuropeptide and neurotransmitter agonists and antagonists and the physiological processes involved in tolerance development and abuse liability. Synergistic analgesic combinations. In vivo antisense approach. Theoretical pharmacol-ogy. Thermodynamics of the drug-receptor interaction. Honors and Awards

2006 George B. Koelle award; Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society 2004 TUSP AACP (American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy) Teachers of the Year 2003 Lindback Foundation teaching award. 1991 The Johnson & Johnson Corporate Philip B. Hofmann Research Scientist Award for out-

standing achievement in the field of research and development. 1983 National Research Service Awards (1983, 1984) 1982 A.N. Richards Young Investigator Award Finalist; Graduate Training Fellowship Thomas

Jefferson University Medical College. Service Activities

Intramural

Pharmacy School Awards Committee (2005 – present) Graduate Faculty Committee (2003 - present) Curriculum Committee (1997 – present; Chair 2005 – present) Teaching and Evaluation Committee (1999 – present) President, Collegial Assembly (1999 – 2000) Faculty Merit Committee (2000) New-Faculty Orientation Evaluation Committee (1997) Research Day Committee (2007 – 2008) Wyeth Lecture Committee University Provost‟s Advisory Study Leave Committee (2005) President's Advisory Promotion & Tenure Committee (2002 – 2003) Vice Provost Internal Research Advisory Committee (2001 – present) Temple University Hospital IRB (2002 – present) Representative Faculty Senate (2000 – 2002) Health Science Center Library Committee (1997 – present) Temple‟s Minority Access to Research (TMARC) (1997 – present) Pew Biomedical Scholars Program reviewer (2008) Extramural

Editorships Founder and Co-Editor, AAANALGESIA and REVIEWS IN ANALGESIA Founder and Co-Editor, Pharmacology Letters section of LIFE SCIENCES. Assoc. Editor, JOURNAL OF PHARMACOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS Editorial Advisory Board, JOURNAL OF NON-EQUILIBRIUM THERMODYNAMICS Reviewer American Journal of Physiology; Biochemical Pharmacology; Biochemistry &

Behavior; Biomedical Chemistry Letters; Brain Research and Brain Research Bulletin; the European Journal of Pharmacology; Journal of Anesthesiology; Journal of Headache & Pain; Journal of Neurochemistry; Journal of Neuro-immunology; Journal of Neuroscience; the Journal of Pain; Life Sciences; Molecular Pharmacology; Neuropharmacology; Neuroscience Letters; Pain; Peptides; Pharmacology, others.


AACP American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy 1999, 2001 New Investigators Program (NIP) grant reviewer Other 1991 PMA Industry Expert Panel on Acute Pain Management. 1993 PMA Industry Expert Panel on Cancer-Related Pain and Pain

Management. T&P reviewer 2009: Bin Chen, PhD (University of the Sciences in Philadelphia) Teaching Course Director 1996 - present „Pharmacology-I‟ & „Pharmacology-II‟, Temple University School of Pharmacy 1997 - present Elective, „Writing & Publishing a Scientific Review Article‟, TUSP 1982 - 1997 PR 513, „Introduction to Pharmacology‟, Thomas Jefferson University, Phila-

delphia, PA. Lecturer 1985 - present: Pharmacology 544, „Introduction to Pharmacology: from cell to behavior‟,

Temple University Medical School, Philadelphia, PA 1986 Pharmacology 200, „Pharmacology‟, Thomas Jefferson University Medical

College, Philadelphia, PA 1992 Pharmacology 620, „Receptor Internalization‟, Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ Thesis and Dissertation Advisory, Reading, or Examination Committees James E. Goldsmidt Ph.D. Pharmacology Temple University Medical School, 1990 Leif Nordberg M.S. Biomedical Science, Drexel University, 1992 Keith Freeman Ph.D. Pharmacology, Temple University Medical School, 1994 Michael J. Renzi M.S. Biochemistry, Drexel University, 1994 Tamara L. Goode M.S. University of Pennsylvania, 1996 Alemayyehu Ahungena Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, Temple University School of Pharma-

cy (TUSP), 1998 Qihai Tao M.S. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 1999 Yuzhu Xue Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 1999 Chunlin Zhao M.S. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2001 Jiangfeng (Jennifer) Su Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2003 Maureen Chisholm M.S. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2004 Weilin Sun Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry, TUSP, 2005 Shahrzad Missaghi Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2006 Elena Koshkina Ph.D. Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, 2006 Quan (Gordon) Liu Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2010 Harshini Neelakantan Ph.D. Pharmacology, TUSP, current Graduate Students Robert J. Schulingkamp Ph.D. Pharmacology, TUSP, 2002 Shawn D. Spencer Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2004 Gregory W. Stagliano Ph.D. Pharmaceutics, TUSP, 2005 Joseph Landry M.S. Pharmacology, TUSP, current Postdoctoral students Alex W. MacFarlane IV 2003 – 2004 Zhe Ding 2006 – 2008 Visiting scientists Sumiyo Umeda (Japan) 2002 – 2004 Federica Cavallo (Italy) 2005 – 2006 Other


1989 National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) Contract Review (Drug Development Data-base) - Aug. 16-17

1991 NIDA Special Review Committee for Small Business Innovative Research Grant Pro-gram - Dec. 9

Memberships in Professional Societies American Society of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics (ASPET); Society for Neur-oscience; College on Problems of Drug Dependence (CPDD); Int‟l Narcotics Research Con-ference (INRC); Int‟l Association for the Study of Pain (IASP); American Pain Society (APS); Sigma Xi; Phladelphia Chapter of the Society for Neuroscience (Council member, 1987-1988). President: Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1998-2001 Vice president: Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1997-1998 Treasurer: Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, 1996-1997 Invited and Symposium Presentations "Isolated Tissue Studies of the Alpha-Adrenoceptor in Vascular Smooth Muscle", Thomas

Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA, 1985. "FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2): Actions on Molluscs and Mammals", Temple University

Medical School, Philadelphia, PA, 1985 "Analgesic Defect of Beige Mice: A Neuro-immune Connection", Temple University Medical

School, Philadelphia, PA, 1988. "Analgesic Defect of Beige-J Mice: a Neuroimmune Connection", Medical College of Wisconsin,

Madison, WI, 1988. "The Use of Mutant Mice for the Study of Opioids", Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia, PA,

Symposium: "Pain: Physiological and Pharmacological Mechanisms", May 11, 1989. "Why Don't Beige-J Mice Respond to Morphine?", University of Medicine and Dentistry of New

Jersey, Newark NJ, 1990. "The Actions of FMRF-NH2 and FMRF-NH2-Related Peptides on Mammals", College on Prob-

lems of Drug Dependance, Richmond, VA, 1990. Co-Chair: "Chaotic Dynamical Responses: Implications for Pharmacology and Drug Develop-

ment", ASPET, San Diego, 1991. "Mechanistic Evaluations of Tramadol: The „Atypical‟ Analgesic", Medical College of Wisconsin,

Milwaukee, WI, May 26, 1992. "Basic Mechanisms of Opioid and Nonopioid Analgesia", Dutch Pain Society Annual Meeting,

Eindhoven, NL, June 4, 1993. Co-Chair:"Synergistic Interactions Between Central Neurotransmitter Systems - Analysis and

Application" Experimental Biology, New Orleans, 1993. "Advances in Treatment of Chronic Pain", Cambridge Healthtech Institute, Philadelphia, 1993. "Pain Control: New Concepts and Therapeutic Applications", Global Business Research,

Princeton, 1994. "Behavioral Roles of G-Proteins in Opioid Actions", Int‟l. Narcotics Research Conference, Long

Beach, 1996. "Analgesic Drug Discovery: Tramadol and Beyond". St. John‟s University School of Pharmacy,

Jamaica, NY, April 8, 1999 "New and Emerging Analgesics: Alone or in Combination". The RWJ-PRI Metabolism/Toxicology

Science Day. Delaware Valley College. August 19, 1999. Symposium: "Chronic Pain - A Chronic Challenge". Sponsored by ASTA Medica. Nice, Septem-

ber 27, 2000. Symposium: "Controversies and Practical Issues in the Management of Osteoarthritis". Philadel-

phia. May 3, 2002. "The Enigmatic Mechanism of Acetaminophen Analgesia". Indiana University, Indianapolis. May

28, 2002.


Symposium Chair: "Transdermal Buprenorphine: a New Therapeutic Option in Chronic Pain Control". Xth Annual IASP Meeting, San Diego, CA. Aug, 2002.

"Understanding the Neurology of Pain and the Pharmacology of Analgesics”. 5th Annual Pain

Management Conference. Philadelphia, June, 2003. "Understanding the Neurology of Pain and the Pharmacology of Analgesics: II. Combinations”. 6

th

Annual Pain Management Conference. Philadelphia, June, 2004. "Polypharmacy in Pain Management”. 7

th Annual Pain Management Conference. Philadelphia,

May, 2005. U.S. Patents

5,223,541 (June 29, 1993) Tramadol N-oxide material, enantiomers and compositions there-of, and their use. (C.A. Maryanoff, R.B. Raffa and F.J. Villani, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,336,691 (Aug. 9, 1994) Composition comprising a tramadol material and acetaminophen and its use. (R.B. Raffa and J.L. Vaught, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,468,744 (Nov. 21, 1995) Composition comprising a tramadol material and any of codeine, oxycodone or hydrocodone and their use. (R.B. Raffa and J.L. Vaught, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,508,424 (Apr. 16, 1996) 4-Arylisoindole analgesics. (R.J. Carmosin, D.C. Liotta, P. Pitis and R.B. Raffa , inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,516,803 (May 14, 1996) Composition comprising a tramadol material and a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. (R.B. Raffa, inventor; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,543,530 (Aug. 6, 1996) 4-Arylisoindole analgesics. (R.B. Raffa, J.R. Carson, P. Pitis and R.J. Carmosin, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

5,739,139 (Apr. 14, 1998) Acetaminophen and dimenhydrinate analgesics. (D.R. Hough, E.B. Nelson and R.B. Raffa, inventors; McNeilab, Inc., assignee).

6,900,189 (May 31, 2005) Analgesic and glucosamine compositions. (R.B. Raffa, A. Cowan and R.J. Tallarida, inventors).

7,662,803 (Feb 16, 2010) Method for treating warm-blooded vertebrates with halide-free glucosamine-acidic drug complexes. (A. Cowan, R.B. Raffa and R.J. Tallarida, inventors).

Research Funding

Title

Source

Role

Amount

Duration

Basic science aspects of tramadol hydrochloride

Johnson & Johnson PI $375,000 1996 - 1999

Investigation of the mechanism of acetaminophen‟s spinal-supraspinal „self-synergy‟

Research Grant award – McNeil

PI $120,000 2003 – 2004

Measurement of antinociceptive plasma vs brain levels of buprenor-phine and metabolite in rats

Grünenthal GmbH PI $60,000 2003 – 2004

Joint action analysis of poly-drug withdrawal

NIH R01-DA-15378

Co-PI $451,500 2004 – 2007

Mechanistic studies on acetamino-phen and buprenorphine

Grünenthal GmbH PI $200,000 2006 – 2007

Effects of chemotherapeutic agents on learning and memory in mice

NIH R01-CA-129092

Co-I $1,500,000 2009 – 2014

-Lactam chemical probes for GLT-1 transporter-related pathologies

NIH RC1-DA-028153

Co-I $955,749 2009 – 2011


PUBLICATIONS BOOKS

1. Tallarida, R.J., Raffa, R.B. & McGonigle, P.: Principles in General Pharmacology Springer-Verlag, New York, 1988

2. Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F. (eds): Antisense Strategies for the Study of Receptor Mech-anisms, R.G. Landes Co., Austin, 1996

3. Raffa, R.B. (ed): Quick-Look Review of Pharmacology, Fence Creek Publishing, 1999 4. Raffa, R.B. (ed): Drug-Receptor Thermodynamics: Introduction & Applications, John Wiley

& Sons, 2001 5. Raffa, R.B., Rawls, S.M., & Portyansky-Beyzarov, E. (eds.): Netter‟s Illustrated Pharmacol-

ogy, ICON Learning Systems, 2005. 6. Budd, K. & Raffa, R.B. (eds): Buprenorphine–The Unique Opioid Analgesic Thieme, Stutt-

gart, 2005 7. Raffa, R.B. & Rawls, S.M. (eds): Planaria: a Model for Drug Action and Abuse RG Landes

Co., Austin, 2008 8. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. (eds): „Chemo-fog‟: Chemotherapy-related Cognitive Impair-

ment. RG Landes Co., Austin, 2010 Chapters:

Robert B. Raffa: “Short Introduction & History”

Robert B. Raffa with Kathleen J. Martin: “Patient‟s Perspective”

Robert B. Raffa: “Imaging as a Means of Studying Chemotherapy-Related Cognitive Impairment”

Robert B. Raffa: “Chemotherapy-Related Visual System Toxicity”

Robert B. Raffa and Ronald J. Tallarida: “Future Directions” BOOK CHAPTERS

1. Raffa, R.B. In vivo antisense strategy for the study of second-messengers: application to G-proteins. In R. B. Raffa, and F. Porreca, (eds.) Antisense Strategies for the Study of Receptor Mechanisms, R.G. Landes Co., Austin, pp. 53-69, 1996.

2. Raffa, R.B. and Friderichs, E. Profile of Tramadol and Tramadol Analogs. In C. Bountra, R. Munglani and W.K. Schmidt (eds.) Pain: Current Understanding, Emerging Therapies, and Novel Approaches to Drug Discovery, Marcel Dekker, New York, pp. 731-742, 2003.

3. Raffa, R.B. Experimental approaches to determine the thermodynamics of protein-ligand interactions. In H-J. Böhm and G. Schneider (eds.) Molecular Recognition in Protein-Ligand Interactions, Wiley-VCH Verlag, Weinheim, pp. 51-71, 2003.

4. Raffa, R.B. Drug disposition and response. In J.I. Boullata and V.T. Armenti (eds.) Hand-book of Drug-Nutrient Interactions, Humana Press, Totowa NJ, 2004 & 2

nd ed 2009 pp. 27-

43. 5. Raffa, R.B.: Analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory drugs. In A.R. Gennaro (ed.)

Remington: the Science and Practice of Pharmacy, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 1524-1542, 2005.

6. Raffa, R.B.: Drugs with mixed action and combinations: emphasis on tramadol. In R.F. Schmidt (ed.) Encyclopedic Reference on Pain, Springer-Verlag,

7. Cowan, A., Friderichs, E., Straßburger, W., and Raffa, R.B. Basic pharmacology of bupre-norphine. In K. Budd and R.B. Raffa (eds): Buprenorphine – The Unique Opioid Analgesic, Thieme, Stuttgart, 2005

REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES

1. Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J. and Gero, A.: Determination of the stimulus-response relation for three alpha-adrenergic agonists on rabbit aorta. Archives International Pharmacodyn-amics and Therapeutics 241:197-207, 1979.


2. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: The effect of preload on the dissociation constant of phen-tolamine in isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. Archives International Pharmacodynamics and Therapeutics 251:126-135, 1981.

3. Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Morphine-receptor dissociation constant and the stimulus-response relation for inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in the rat. European Journal of Pharma-cology 79:11-16, 1982.

4. Raffa, R.B., O'Neill, J.J. and Tallarida, R.J.: Rapid extraction and measurement of morph-ine and opiate antagonists from rat brain using HPLC and electrochemical detection. Journal of Chromatography 238: 515-519, 1982.

5. Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: On the criteria for classifying opiate agonists in rats. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 24:525-526, 1982.

6. Porreca F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Tolerance and cross-tolerance studies with morphine and ethylketocyclazocine. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 34:666-667, 1982.

7. Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: A comparison of the receptor constants of morphine and ethylketocyclazocine for analgesia and inhibition of gastroin-testinal transit in the rat. Life Sciences 31: 1955-1961, 1982.

8. Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Extraction and measurement of morphine: correlation of brain level and s.c. dose in drug-naive and morphine-tolerant rats. Life Sciences 31:2299-2302, 1982.

9. Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Estimation in vivo of the receptor constants of morphine in naive and morphine-tolerant rats. Life Sciences 31:2355-2358, 1982.

10. Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Ketazocine and morphine: effects on gastrointestinal transit after central and peripheral administration. Life Sciences 32: 1785-1790, 1983.

11. Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Ultraviolet light induced photorelaxation of agonist-con-tracted rabbit aorta: further characterization and the estimation of drug receptor rate constants. Drug Development Research 5:359-369, 1985.

12. Raffa, R.B.: Coated pits and coated vesicles: histological findings and pharmacological im-plications. TiPS 6:133-136, 1985.

13. Raffa, R.B., Aceto, J.F. and Tallarida, R.J.: Measurement of thermodynamic parameters for norepinephrine contraction of isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 235: 596-600, 1985.

14. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: The concept of a changing receptor concentration: impli-cations for the theory of drug action. Journal of Theoretical Biology 115:625-632, 1985.

15. Aceto, J.F., Kitzen, J., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Altered vascular responsiveness to norepinephrine following withdrawal of verapamil in rabbits. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 7:1011-1012, 1985.

16. Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: Antagonism of receptor-activated biological effects mediated by second messenger pathways. Life Sciences 38:251-257, 1986.

17. Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: Further evidence for a neuromodulatory role of FMRFamide involving intracellular Ca

2+ pools in smooth muscle of Mytilus edulis. Comparative Bio-

chemistry and Physiology 84:23-28, 1986. 18. Raffa, R.B., Heyman, J. and Porreca, F.: Intrathecal FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2)

induces excessive grooming behavior in mice. Neuroscience Letters 65:94-98, 1986. 19. Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Evidence for a role of conditioning in the development of

tolerance to morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in rats. Neuroscience Letters 67:229-232, 1986.

20. Zhu, X.Z and Raffa, R.B.: Low affinity inhibition of opioid receptor binding by FMRFamide. Neuropeptides 8:55-62, 1986.

21. Scott, R.W., Goode, T.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Pilocarpine-induced reciprocal hindlimb scratch-ing in mice. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior 26:327-331, 1987.

22. Mathiasen, J.R., Raffa, R.B., and Vaught, J.L.: C57BL/6J-bgJ (beige) mice: differential

sensitivity in the tail flick test to centrally administered mu and delta-opioid receptor agonists. Life Sciences 40:1989-1994, 1987.


23. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Vaught, J.L.: Restoration of analgesic response of C57BL/6J-bg

J (beige-J) mice to morphine by carbachol. European Journal of Pharmacol-

ogy 141:507-510, 1987. 24. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R., Goode, T.L. and Vaught, J.L.: Evidence that reciprocal hind-

limb scratching elicited in mice by intrathecal administration of muscarinic agonists is media-ted through M1 type receptors. Life Sciences 41:1831-1836, 1987.

25. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Jacoby, H.I.: Colonic bead expulsion time in normal andµ-opioid receptor deficient (CXBK) mice following central (i.c.v.) administration of - and -opioid agonists. Life Sciences 41:2229-2234, 1987.

26. Raffa, R.B., Bianchi, C.P. and Narayan, S.R.: Reversible inhibition of acetylcholine contrac-ture of Molluscan smooth muscle by heavy metals: correlation to Ca

2+ and metal content.

Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 243:200-204, 1987. 27. Jacoby, M.B., Jacoby, H.I., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: The effect of Phe-Met-Arg-

Phe-NH2 (FMRF amide) on morphine-induced inhibition of colonic propulsive motility in mice. Neuroscience Letters 83: 128-132, 1987.

28. Raffa, R.B., Kimball, E.S. and Mathiasen, J.R.: The analgesic defect of C57B6/6J-bgJ

(beige J: Chediak-Higashi syndrome) mice transmitted by adoptive transfer of spleen cells to normal littermates. Life Sciences 42:1231-1236, 1988.

29. Vaught, J.L., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: Examination of the involvement of supra-spinal and spinal mu and delta opioid receptors in analgesia using mu receptor-deficient CXBK mouse. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 245:13-16, 1988.

30. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Brown, D.Q.: Mu-, but not delta-, opioid receptor-media-ted antinociception in mice is attenuated by gamma irradiation. Brain Research 447:393-397, 1988.

31. Heyman, J.S., Vaught, J.L., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Can supraspinal delta-opioid re-ceptors mediate antinociception? TiPS 9:134-138, 1988.

32. Raffa, R.B., Baldy, W.J. Jr., Shank, R.P., Mathiasen, J.R. and Vaught, J.L.: [3H] [D-Ala

2,

NMePhe4, Gly-ol

5]-enkephalin (mu-opioid) binding in beige-J mice. Peptides 9:637-642,

1988. 33. Raffa, R.B.: The action of FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2) and related peptides on

mammals. Peptides 9:915-922, 1988. 34. Raffa, R.B., Ortegon, M.E. and Watson, M: Reciprocal hindlimb scratching and putative

subtype-selective muscarinic agents. European Journal of Pharmacology 158:289-292, 1988.

35. Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F: Minireview: Thermodynamic analysis of the drug-receptor inter-action. Life Sciences 44:245-258, 1989.

36. Kimball, E.S. and Raffa, R.B.: Obligatory role of B cells and adherent accessory cells in the transfer of a defect in morphine-mediated antinociception in C57BL/6J-bg/bg (Beige-J) mice. Journal of Neuroimmunology 22:185-192, 1989.

37. Raffa, R.B.: Supraspinal FMRFamide antagonizes morphine-induced horizontal, but not vertical, locomotor activity. Peptides 10:403-406, 1989.

38. Raffa, R.B., Ortegon, M.E., Robisch, D.M. and Martin, G.E.: In vivo demonstration of the enhancement of MK-801 by L-glutamate. Life Sciences 44:1593-1599, 1989.

39. Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Porreca, F.: Can equal pA2 values be compatible with recep-tor differences? TiPS 10:183-185, 1989.

40. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: FMRFamide enhances acetylcholine-induced contractions of guinea pig ileum. Peptides 10:693-695, 1989.

41. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: A-18-Famide and F-8-Famide, endogenous mammalian equivalents of the molluscan neuropeptide, FMRFamide (Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2), inhibit colonic bead expulsion time in mice. Peptides 10:873-875, 1989.

42. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Goode, T.L.: Central administration of p-octopamine to mice: assessment of antinociception. European Journal of Pharmacology 169:317-320, 1989.

43. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Effect of Phe-D-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 and other Phe-Met-Arg-Phe-NH2 -related peptides on mouse colonic propulsive motility: a structure-activity relation-ship study. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 254:809-814, 1990.


44. Vaught, J.L., Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R.J., Blum, P.S., Persico, F.J., Hageman, W.E., Shank, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Antinociceptive action of McN-5195 in rodents: a structurally novel (Indolizine) analgesic with a non-opoid mechanism of action. Journal of Pharmacol-ogy and Experimental Therapeutics 255:1-10, 1990.

45. Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Setler, P.E.: The novel anticonvulsant loreclezole (R 72063) does not produce diazepam-like anterograde amnesia in a passive avoidance test in rats. N-S Archives of Pharmacology 342: 613-615, 1990.

46. Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Central and peripheral administration of serotonin produces opposite effects on mouse colonic propulsive motility. Neuroscience Letters 122:122-126, 1991.

47. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-l, -2 and -3 directly and big-endothelin-l indirectly elicit an abdominal constriction response in mice. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 48:PL85-PL90, 1991.

48. Vaught, J.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Centrally-mediated antinociceptive action of RWJ-22757 (formerly McN-5195): involvement of spinal descending inhibitory pathways (an hypoth-esis). Life Sciences 48:2233-2241, 1991.

49. Raffa, R.B., Orr, N., Connelly, C.D. and Hollingworth, R.M.: XAMI and DCDM, agonists at cAMP-associated octopamine receptors in cockroach nerve cord, produce centrally-media-ted antinociception in mice. Brain Research 559:211-219, 1991.

50. Raffa, R.B., Schupsky J.J., Martinez, R.P. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-l-induced nocicep-tion. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 49: PL61-PL65, 1991.

51. Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid and nonopioid components independently contribute to the mechanism of action of trama-dol, an "atypical" opioid analgesic. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeu-tics 260:275-285, 1992.

52. Raffa, R.B., Addo, M.F. and Gill, A.: Supraspinal administration of [D-Met2]FMRFamide

produces a naloxone-sensitive increase in heart rate in unrestrained spontaneously hyper-tensive rats. Neuropeptides 21: 201-205, 1992.

53. Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: Rapid communication: Morphine antinociception is media-ted through a LiCl-sensitive, IP3-restorable pathway. European Journal of Pharmacology 215:357-358, 1992.

54. Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Receptor regulation, competitive antagonism and pA2. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 51:PL61-PL65, 1992.

55. Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Supraspinal antinociception produced by [D-Met2]-FMRF-

amide in mice. Neuropeptides 22:195-203, 1992. 56. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Porreca, F: Lack of antinociceptive efficacy of intracerebro-

ventricular [D-Ala2,Glu

4]deltorphin, but not [D-Pen

2,D-Pen

5]enkephalin, in the opioid mu-

receptor deficient CXBK mouse. European Journal of Pharmacology 216:453-456, 1992. 57. Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R.J., Vaught, J.L., Gardocki, J.F., Costanzo, M.J., Raffa, R.B. and

Almond, H.R. Jr.: 2-Substituted 1-azabicycloalkanes, a new class of non-opiate antinoci-ceptive agents. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 35: 2855-2863, 1992.

58. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D. and Martinez, R.P.: Rapid Communication: Opioid efficacy is linked to the LiCl-sensitive, inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-restorable pathway. European Journal of Pharmacology 217: 221-223, 1992.

59. Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Etoperidone, trazodone and MCPP: in vitro and in vivo identification of serotonin 5-HT1A (antagonistic) activity. Psychopharmacology 108: 320-326, 1992.

60. Raffa, R.B., Aceto, J.F., Goldschmidt, J.E. and Tallarida, R.J.: The effect of lowered extra-cellular Na

+ concentration on ultraviolet light-induced relaxation of vasoconstricted rabbit

isolated thoracic aorta. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 51:PL249-PL254, 1992. 61. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R, Kimball, E.S. and Vaught, J.L.: Minireview: The combined

immuneological and antinociceptive defects of beige-J mice: the possible existence of a „µ-repressin‟. Life Sciences, 52:1-8, 1993.

62. Raffa, R.B., Wild, K.D., Mosberg, H.I. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic analysis of the temperature dependence of the dissociation constant of naloxone at opioid delta receptors


in the mouse isolated vas deferens. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeu-tics 263:1030-1035, 1992.

63. Raffa, R.B., Wild, K.D., Mosberg, H.I. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic parameters for [D-Pen

2,5]enkephalin at opioid delta receptors in the mouse isolated vas deferens. European

Journal of Pharmacology 244: 231-238, 1993. 64. Mattia, A., Vanderah, T., Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Tallarida, R.J. and Porreca, F.: Char-

acterization of the unusual antinociceptive profile of tramadol in mice. Drug Development Research 28:176-182, 1993.

65. Nordberg, L.O., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Determination of the drug-receptor dissoci-ation constant of endothelin-1 using photorelaxation of rabbit isolated thoracic aorta. Life Sciences/ Pharmacology Letters 53: PL 33-38, 1993.

66. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Connelly, C.D.: Scyliorhinin-I and -II induce reciprocal hind-limb scratching in mice: differentiation of spinal and supraspinal neurokinin receptors in vivo. Neuroscience Letters 158:87-91, 1993.

67. Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Vaught, J.L., Jacoby, H.I. and Selve, N.: Complementary and synergistic antinociceptive interaction between the enantiomers of tramadol. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 267: 331-340, 1993.

68. Raffa, R.B. and Schupsky, J.J.: Opioid receptor subtypes (possibly 1 and 2) revealed by morphine-induced antinociception vs endothelin-1 in recombinant inbred CXBK mice. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 54:PL 57-62, 1994.

69. Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Recent advances in opioid and non-opioid analgesia (1992-1993). Expert Opinion Therapeutic Patents 4:379-393, 1994.

70. Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Porreca, F.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Etonitzene-induced antinociception in µ1 opioid receptor deficient CXBK mice: evidence for a role for µ2 receptors in supraspinal antinociception, Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 54:PL 369-374, 1994.

71. Shank, R.P., Gardocki, J.F., Vaught, J.L., Davis, C.B., Schupsky, J.J., Raffa, R.B. Dodgson S.J., Nortey, S.O. and Maryanoff, B.E.: Topiramate: preclinical evaluation of a structurally novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsia 35:450-460, 1994.

72. Raffa, R.B., Kim, A, Rice, K.C., De Costa, B.R., Codd, E.E. and Rothman, R.B.: Low affini-ty of FMRF-amide and four FaRPs (FMRFamide-related peptides), including the mammal-

ian-derived FaRPs F-8-Famide (NPFF) and A-18-Famide, for opioid µ, , , a or b re-ceptors. Peptides 15:401-404, 1994.

73. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Connelly, C.D.: Rapid Communication: G-protein antisense oligodeoxy-ribonucleotides and µ-opioid supraspinal antinociception. European Journal of Pharmacology 258:R5-R7, 1994.

74. Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E.: Lack of glibenclamide or TEA affinity for opioid receptors: further evidence for in vivo modulation of antinociception at K

+ channels. Brain Research

650:146-148, 1994. 75. Wild, K.D., Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Alpha-2 adrenoceptors: can subtypes mediate

selective analgesia? Analgesia, 1:15-25, 1994. 76. Codd, E.E., Press, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Alpha2-adrenoceptors vs. imidazoline

receptors: implications for 2-mediated analgesia and other non-cardiovascular therapeutic uses. Life Sciences, 56:63-74, 1995.

77. Wild, K.D., Porreca, F., Yamamura, H.I. and Raffa, R.B.: Differentiation of receptor sub-types by thermodynamic analysis: application to opioid receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Science 91: 12018-12021, 1994.

78. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P., Renzi, M.J. and Codd, E.E.: LiCl uncouples signal transduction in morphine-induced supraspinal antinociception in mice. General Pharmacology 26:317-320, 1995.

79. Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: The „glibenclamide-shift‟ of centrally-acting antinociceptive agents. Brain Research 677:277-282, 1995.

80. Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P.: Antinociceptive defect of beige-J mice reversed by i.c.v. IP3 or myo-inositol. NeuroReport 6:1306-1308, 1995.


81. Reitz, A.B., Jetter, M.C., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Centrally-Acting Analgesics. Annual Report Medicinal Chemistry 30:11-20, 1995.

82. Raffa, R.B., Nayak, R.K., Liao, S. and Minn, F.L.: The mechanism(s) of action and phar-macokinetics of tramadol hydrochloride. Reviews Contemporary Pharmacotherapy 6:485-497, 1995.

83. Codd, E.E., Shank, R.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Serotonin and norepinephrine up-take inhibiting activity of centrally acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in anti-nociception. Journal of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics 274:1263-1270, 1995.

84. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Argentieri, D.C. and Singer, M.M.: The antinociceptive effects of a novel dual cyclooxygenase/5-lipoxygenase inhibitor (tepoxalin) and its primary (carboxylic acid) metabolite (RWJ 20142) in acute tests in mice and rats. Drug Development Research 36:81-90, 1995.

85. Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Testing for synergism over a range of fixed ratio drug com-binations: replacing the isobologram. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 23-28, 1996.

86. Raffa, R.B., Goode, T.L., Martinez, R.P. and Jacoby, H.I.: A Gi2 antisense oligonucleotide differentiates morphine antinociception, constipation and acute dependence in mice. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 73-76, 1996.

87. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D., Chambers, J.R. and Stone, D.J: -Subunit G-protein antisense

oligodeoxynucleotide effects on supraspinal (i.c.v.) 2-adrenoceptor antinociception in mice Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 58:PL 77-80, 1996.

88. Raffa, R.B.: A novel approach to the pharmacology of analgesics. American Journal of Medicine 101 (Suppl 1A):40S-46S, 1996.

89. Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin-induced nociception in mice: mediation by ETA and ETB receptors. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Ther-apeutics 276:647-651, 1996.

90. Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E.: Lack of binding of acetaminophen to 5-HT receptor or uptake sites (or eleven other binding/uptake assays). Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 59:PL 37-40, 1996.

91. Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J., Lee, D.K.H. and Jacoby, H.I.: Characterization of endothelin-induced nociception in mice: evidence for a mechanistically distinct analgesic model. Jour-nal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 278: 1-7, 1996.

92. Raffa, R.B., Haslego, M.L., Maryanoff, C.A., Villani, F.J., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., Buben, J.A., Wu, W-N., Takacs, A.N. and McKown, L.A.: Unexpected antinociceptive effect of the N-oxide (RWJ 38705) of tramadol hydrochloride. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 278: 1098-1104, 1996.

93. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D.J., Jr.: Could dual G-protein coupling explain [D-Met2]-FMRF-

amide‟s mixed action in vivo? Peptides 17: 1261-1265, 1996. 94. Lai, J., Ma, S-w., Porreca, F. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, M1 metabolite and enantiomer

affinities for cloned human opioid receptors expressed in transfected HN9.10 neuroblast-oma cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 316: 369-372, 1996.

95. Raffa, R.B. and Friderichs, E.: The basic science aspect of tramadol hydrochloride. Pain Reviews. 3:249-271, 1996.

96. Goode, T.L. and Raffa, R.B.: An examination of the relationship between µ-opioid antino-ciceptive efficacy and G-protein coupling using pertussis and cholera toxins. Life Sciences/ Pharmacology Letters 60:PL 107-113, 1997.

97. Tallarida, R.J., Stone, D.J. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Efficient designs for studying synergistic drug combinations. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 61: PL 417-425, 1997.

98. Raffa, R.B.: Possible role(s) of neurokinins in CNS development and neurodegenerative or other disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews 22:789-813, 1998.

99. Raffa, R.B: Screen of receptor and uptake-site activity of hypericin component of St. John‟s wort reveals receptor binding. Life Sciences/Pharmacology Letters 62: PL 265-270, 1998.

100. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D. J., Jr.: µ Receptor and Gi2 antisense attenuate [D-Met2]-FMRF-

amide antinociception in mice. Peptides 19: 1171-1175, 1998.


101. Bennett, D.A. Jr, Phun, L., Polk, J., Voglino, S.A., Zlotnik, V. and Raffa, R.B.: The neuro-pharmacology of St. John‟s wort (Hypericum). Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32:1201-1208, 1998.

102. Li, J-G., Raffa, R.B., Cheung, P., Tzeng, T-B. and Liu-Chen, L-Y.: Temperature depend-ence of ligand binding to the cloned rat µ opioid receptor: „apparent‟ thermodynamic para-meters. European Journal of Pharmacology 354: 227-237, 1998.

103. Kovelowski, C.J., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Tramadol and its enantiomers differentially

suppress c-Fos-like immunoreactivity in rat brain and spinal cord following acute noxious stimulus. European Journal of Pain 2:211-219, 1998.

104. Raffa, R.B.: Observations on the mechanisms of action of tramadol hydrochloride. Post-graduate Medicine (Special Report, Dec 1998):24-32, 1998.

105. Vanderah, T.W., Raffa, R.B., Lashbrook, J., Burritt, A., Hruby, V. and Porreca, F.: Orphanin -FQ/nociceptin Lack of antinociceptive, hyperalgesic or allodynic effects in acute thermal or mechanical tests following intracerebroventricular or intrathecal administration to mice or rats. European Journal of Pain 2: 267-280, 1998.

106. Dixon, D.A., Fenix, L.A., Kim, D.M. and Raffa, R.B.: Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: I. Adenosine agonists. Annals of Pharmacotherapy., 33: 480-488, 1999.

107. Tallarida, R.J., Stone, D.J. Jr., McCary, J.D. and Raffa, R.B.: A response surface analysis of synergism between morphine and clonidine. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 289; 8-13, 1999.

108. Shadiack, A.M., Molino, L.J., Yagel, S.K., Shank, R.P., Rogers, K.E., Codd, E., Raffa, R.B. and Wild, K.D: The novel anticonvulsant topiramate is anti-allodynic in a rat model of neuro-

pathic pain. Analgesia, 4: 173-179, 1999. 109. Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: (Extra)thermodynamics of the drug-receptor interaction: Life Sci-

ences 65:967-980, 1999. 110. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr. and Hipp, S.: Differential cholera-toxin sensitivity of supraspinal

antinociception induced by cannabinoid agonists ∆9-THC, WIN 55,212-2 and anandamide

in mice. Neuroscience Letters , 263:29-32, 1999. 111. Lashbrook, J.M., Ossipov, M.H., Hunter, J.C., Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J. and Porreca, F.:

Synergistic anti-allodynic effects of spinal morphine with ketorolac and selective COX1- and COX2-inhibitors in nerve-injured rats. Pain 82:65-72, 1999.

112. Bian, D., Ossipov, M.H., Ibrahim, M., Raffa, R.B., Tallarida, R.J., Malan, T.P., Jr., Lai, J. and Porreca, F.: Loss of antiallodynic and antinociceptive spinal/supraspinal morphine syn-ergy in nerve-injured rats: restoration by MK-801 or dynorphin antiserum. Brain Research 831:55-63, 1999.

113. Boyd, R.E., Press, J.B., Rasmussen, C.R., Raffa, R.B., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Bennett, D.J., Kirifides, A.L., Gardocki, J.F., Reynolds, B., Hortenstein, J.T. and Reitz, A.B.:

2 Adrenoceptor agonists as potential analgesic agents. 1. Imidazomethyl-oxazoles and thiazoles. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42:5064-5071, 1999.

114. Baby, S., Nguyen, M., Tran, D. and Raffa, R.B.: Substance P antagonists: the next break-through in treating depression? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 24: 461-469, 1999.

115. Betz, C., Mihalic, D., Pinto, M.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Could a common biochemical mech-

anism underlie addictions? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 25:11-20, 2000. 116. Zebraski, S.E., Kochenash, S.M. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Lung opioid receptors: phar-

macology and possible target for nebulized morphine in dyspnea. Life Sciences 66: 2221-2231, 2000,

117. Carfagno, M.L., Hoskins, L.A., Pinto, M.E., Yeh, J.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for Schizophrenia: II. Glutamate (ant)agonists. Annals of Pharmacotherapy 34: 788-797, 2000.

118. Logani, S., Chen, M.C., Tran, T., Le, T. and Raffa, R.B.: Actions of Ginkgo Biloba related to potential utility for the treatment of conditions involving cerebral hypoxia. Life Sciences 67: 1389-1396, 2000.

119. Hunsinger, D.M., Nguyen, T., Zebraski, S.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Minireview: Is there a basis for novel pharmacotherapy of autism? Life Sciences 67:1667-1682, 2000.


120. Li, Q.S., Connelly, C.D., Codd, E.E. and Raffa, R.B.: Method for comparison of the hemo-dynamic effects of equi-antinociceptive oral doses of drugs in anesthetized rats. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods. 42:127-133, 1999.

121. Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G-F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W.: Suppression of fever and hyperalgesic responses to the EP3-receptor agonist GR 63799X by EP3-receptor antisense in rats. Journal of Thermal Biology 25:77-79, 2000.

122. Ross, T.M., Jetter, M.C., McDonnell, M.E., Boyd, R.E., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P.,

Lewis, M.A., Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B. and Reitz, A.B.: 2 Adrenoceptor agonists as potential analgesic agents. 2. Discovery of 4-(4-Imidazo)-1,3-dimethyl-6,7-dihydrothianapthene as a high-affinity ligand for the 2D adrenergic receptor. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43:765-768, 2000.

123. Katz, W.A., Bjorkman D.J., Fendrick A.M., Hauser, W.A., Heaton, A.H., Manning, D.C., Morgan, G.J., Porter, G.A., Raffa, R.B. and Singh, G.: Challenges and progress in manag-

ing chronic pain. Analgesia, 4: 483-504, 2000. 124. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J.: Discovery of „self-synergistic‟ spinal/supra-

spinal antinociception produced by acetaminophen (paracetamol). Journal of Pharmacol-ogy and Experimental Therapeutics 295:291-294, 2000.

125. Raffa, R.B., Valdez, J.M., Holland, L.J. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: (rapid communication) Energy-dependent UV light-induced disruption of (–)sulpiride antagonism of dopamine. European Journal of Pharmacology 406: R11-12, 2000.

126. Schulingkamp, R.J., Pagano, T.C., Hung, D. and Raffa, R.B.: Insulin receptors and insulin action in the brain: review and clinical implications. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Re-views 24: 855-872, 2000.

127. Raffa, R.B.: Antihistamines as analgesics. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 26:83-87, 2001.

128. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J.: (rapid communication) Unexpected and pro-nounced antinociceptive synergy between spinal acetaminophen (paracetamol) and phen-tolamine. European Journal of Pharmacology 412:R1-R2, 2001.

129. Raffa, R.B., Wu, C., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Codd, E.E. and Coogan, T.P.: Deter-

mination of the adsorption of tramadol hydrochloride by activated charcoal in vitro and in vivo. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 43: 205-210.

130. Boyd, R.E., Rasmussen, C.R., Press, J.B., Raffa, R.B., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Li,

Q.S., Martinez, R.P., Lewis, M.A., Almond and Reitz, A.B.: 2 Adrenoceptor agonists as potential analgesic agents. 3. Imidaz-olyl-methylthiophenes. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44:863-872, 2001.

131. Raffa, R.B.: Pharmacology of oral combination analgesics: rational therapy for pain. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 26:257-264, 2001.

132. Wu, W.N., McKown, L.A., Gauthier, A.D., Jones, W.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Metabolism of the analgesic drug, tramadol hydrochloride, in rat and dog. Xenobiotica 31:423-441, 2001.

133. Raffa, R.B., and Valdez, J.M.: (rapid communication) Cocaine withdrawal in Planaria. Euro-pean Journal of Pharmacology 430:143-145, 2001.

134. Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Jean-Bart, V., Codd, E.E., Coogan, T.P., Desai-Krieger, D. Liao, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Gas chromatographic method using nitrogen-phosph-orus detection for the measurement of tramadol and its O-desmethyl metabolite in plasma and brain tissue of mice and rats. Journal of Chromatography B 763:165-171, 2001.

135. Raffa, R.B., Holland, L.J. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: Quantitative assessment of D2 dopa-minergic agonist and antagonist activity using invertebrate (Planaria) locomotion as a functional endpoint. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 45:223-226, 2002.

136. Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Borenstein, M.R., Codd, E.E., Coogan, T.P., Desai-Krieger, D. Liao, S. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential tramadol and O-desmethyl metabolite levels in brain vs. plasma of mice and rats administered tramadol hydrochloride orally. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:99-106, 2002.

137. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential phosphatidylinositol mediation of 1 and 2

supra-spinal antinociception in mice. Analgesia, 6:1-2, 2002.


138. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: LiCl attenuates M1AChR-mediated intrathecal pilocarpine-induced reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice. Pharmacology 65:210-214, 2002.

139. Spencer, S.D., Abdul, O., Schulingkamp, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Toward the design of RNase inhibitors: ion effects on the thermodynamics of binding of 2'-CMP to RNase-A. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 301:925-929, 2002.

140. Raffa, R.B.: Harmonic mean relationship between affinity for wild-type receptors and their alanine-scan mutants. Journal of Theoretical Biology 218:207-214, 2002.

141. Schock–Citver, A., Shields, A.M., Ciaccia, L.M., Schulingkamp, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Indirect modulation of dopamine D2 receptors as potential pharmacotherapy for schizo-phrenia: III. Retinoids. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27:161-168, 2002.

142. Maiorini, A.F., Gaunt, M.J., Jacobsen, T.M., McKay, A.E., Waldman, L.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Potential novel targets for Alzheimer pharmacotherapy: I. secretases. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 27: 169-183, 2002.

143. Raffa, R.B.: An elective course on writing and publishing a review article. Pharmacy Edu-cation 2:51-58, 2002.

144. Raffa, R.B., Spencer, S.D. and Schulingkamp, R.J.: Toward RNase inhibitors: thermodyn-amics of 2'-CMP/ RNase-A binding in multi-ion buffer. Biochemical Pharmacology 63: 1937-1939, 2002.

145. Raffa, R.B.: Mechanism of action of analgesics used to treat OA Pain Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America 29:733-745, 2003.

146. Raffa, R.B., Clark-Vetri, R., Tallarida, R.J. and Wertheimer, A.I.: Combination strategies for pain management. Expert Opinion on Pharmacology 4:1697-1708, 2003.

147. Wu, W.N., McKown, L.A., Codd, E.E. and Raffa, R.B.: In vitro metabolism of the analgesic agent, tramadol-N-oxide, in mouse, rat, and human. European Journal of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics 27: 193-197, 2002.

148. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Umeda, S: -Opioid withdrawal in Planaria. Neuroscience Letters 349: 139-142, 2003.

149. Raffa, R.B., Dasrath, C.S. and Brown, D.R.: Disruption of a drug-induced choice behavior by UV light. Behavioural Pharmacology 14:569-571, 2003.

150. Tallarida, R.J., Cowan, A. and Raffa, R.B: Antinociceptive synergy, additivity, and sub-add-itivity with combinations of oral glucosamine plus nonopioid analgesics in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 307:699-704, 2003.

151. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Spencer, S.D.: Protonation effect on drug affinity. Euro-pean Journal of Pharmacology 483:323-324, 2004.

152. Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: Cocaine and -opioid withdrawal in Planaria blocked by D-, but not L-, glucose. Brain Research 1018:181-185, 2004. [doi:10.1016/j. brainres.2004.05.057]

153. Spencer, S.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Isothermal titration calorimetric study of RNase-A kinetics

(cCMP 3‟-CMP) involving end-product inhibition. Pharmaceutical Research 21:1642-1647, 2004 [doi:10.1023/B: PHAM.0000041460.78128.0f]

154. Raffa, R.B., Walker, E.A. and Sterious, S.N.: Opioid receptors and acetaminophen (para-cetamol). European Journal of Pharmacology 503:209-210, 2004 [doi:10.1016/ejphar.2004. 08.055]

155. Bassi, N., Cohen, A.R., Desai, S., Espinosa, M.G., Flynn, E.E., Franchetti, K.E., Kuriakose, A., Lam, S-K.T., Ly, K.S., McGraw, M.J., Namazi, N.N., Nemeh, G.A., Oliva, C.D, Pastakia, S.D., Riley, K.M., Tairu, O.A. and Raffa, R.B.: Critical evaluation of reported plant sources of possibly novel analgesic compounds. Reviews in Analgesia 7:97-117, 2004.

156. Raffa, R.B. and Martley, Andrea F.: Amphetamine-induced increase in planarian locomotor activity and block by UV light. Brain Research 1031:138-140, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j. brainres. 2004.10.051]

157. Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: A reverse-phase HPLC and fluorescence de-tection method for measurement of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin) in Planaria. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 51:73-76, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j.vascn. 2004.07. 002]

158. Raffa, R.B, Iannuzzo J.R., Levine, D.R., Saeid, K.K., Schwartz, R.C., Sucic, N.T, Terleckyj, O.D., and Young, J.M.: [Perspectives in Pharmacology] Bacterial Communication ('Quorum


Sensing') via Ligands and Receptors: A Novel Pharmacologic Target for the Design of Anti-biotic Drugs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 312: 417-423, 2005. [10.1124/jpet.104.075150]

159. Raffa, R.B. and Desai, P.: Description and quantification of withdrawal signs in Planaria. Brain Research 1032:200-202, 2005 [doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.052]

160. Schulingkamp, R.J., Aloyo, V., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Changes in aorta alpha1-adrenoceptor number and affinity during one year of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Pharmacology 74:23-30, 2005. [doi 10.1159/000083211]

161. Yue, H., Borenstein, M.R., Jansen, S.A. and Raffa, R.B.: Liquid chromatography – mass spectrometric analysis of buprenorphine and its N-dealkylated metabolite norbuprenorphine in rat brain tissue and plasma. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 52: 314-322, 2005. [doi:10.1016/j.vascn. 2005. 04.012]

162. Craig, M.A., Beppler, G.A., Santos, C. and Raffa, R.B.: A second (non-genomic) steroid mechanism of action: possible opportunity for novel pharmacotherapy? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics 30:305-312, 2005. [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2005.00664.x]

163. Raffa, R.B., Brown, D.R. and Dasrath, C.S.: Cocaine effect on light/dark choice in Planaria: withdrawal. Pharmacologyonline 1:67-77, 2005 [http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it].

164. Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T. and Raffa, R.B. Measurement of glutamate and aspartate in Planaria. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 53:291-295, 2006. [doi:10. 1016/j.vascn.2005.10.004]

165. Raffa, R.B.: Pharmacological aspects of successful long-term analgesia. Clinical Rheuma-tology 25 (Suppl 1):S9-S15, 2006. [doi10.1017/s10067-006-0201-x]

166. Raffa, R.B., Duong, P.V., Finney, J., Garber, D.A., Lam, L.M., Mathew, S.S., Patel, N.N., Plaskett, K.C., Shah, M., and Weng, H.-F.J.: Is „chemo-fog‟/‟chemo-brain‟ caused by cancer chemotherapy? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics 31:129-138, 2006.

167. Raffa, R.B., Baron, D.A. and Tallarida, R.J.: [Rapid communication] Schild (pA2) analysis of

a -opioid antagonist in Planaria. European Journal of Pharmacology 540:200-201, 2006. [10.1016/j.ejphar.2006. 04.027]

168. Rawls, S.M., Rodriguez, T., Baron, D.A. and Raffa, R.B.: A nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (L-NAME) attenuates abstinence-induced withdrawal from both cocaine and a cannabinoid agonist (WIN 55212-2) in Planaria. Brain Research 1099:82-87, 2006. [doi:10.1016/j.brain res.2006.04.103]

169. Bruns, I.R., Chhum, S., Dinh, A.T., Doerr, H., Dunn, N.R., Ly, Y.T., Mitman, C.L., Rickards, H.D., Sol, C., Wan, E.W., and Raffa, R.B.: A potential novel strategy to separate therapeu-

tic- and side-effects that are mediated via the same receptor: -arrestin2/G-protein coupling antagonists. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy & Therapeutics 31:119-128, 2006.

170. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Tallarida, R.J.: Subadditive withdrawal from cocaine/ -opioid agonist combinations in Planaria. Brain Research 1114:31-35, 2006. [doi:10.1016/ j.brainres.2006.07.037]

171. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Modified „Joyce model‟ of opioid dependence/withdrawal. European Journal of Pharmacology 551:54-57, 2006 [doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.09.003]

172. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W. and Tallarida, R.J.: [Rapid communication] Nonlinear isobolo-gram and super-additive withdrawal from cocaine:cannabinoid combinations in planarians. European Journal of Pharmacology 556:89-90, 2007. [doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2006.10.051]

173. Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T., and Raffa, R.B.: An NMDA antagonist (LY 235959) attenuates abstinence-induced withdrawal of planarians following acute exposure to a cannabinoid agonist (WIN 52212-2). Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior 86:499-504, 2007.

174. Raffa, R.B., Cavallo, F., and Capasso, A.: Flumazenil-sensitive dose-related physical dependence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine receptor agonists. European Journal of Pharmacology 564:88-93, 2007.

175. Xie, S., Furjanic, M.A., Ferrara, J.J., McAndrew, N.R., Ardino, E.L., Ngondara, A, Bernstein, Y., Thomas, K.J., Kim, E., Walker, J.M., Nagar, S., Ward, S.J. and Raffa, R.B.: The endo-cannabinoid system and rimonabant: a new drug with a novel mechanism of action involv-ing cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonism –or inverse agonism– as potential obesity treat-ment and other therapeutic use. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 32:209-231, 2007.

http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it/


176. Rawls, S.M., Stagliano, G.W., Gomez, T. and Raffa, R.B.: Measurement of GABA and glycine in planarians. Pharmacologyonline 1, 2007 [http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it]

177. Rawls, S.M., Gomez, T., Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: [Rapid communication] Differential be-havioral effect of the TRPM8/TRPA1 channel agonist icilin (AG-3-5). European Journal of Pharmacology 575:103-104, 2007. Doi.10.1016/j.ejphar.2007.07.060]

178. Raffa, R.B. and Ding, Z.: Examination of the preclinical antinociceptive efficacy of bupre-norphine and its designation as full- or partial-agonist. Acute Pain 9:145-152, 2007.

179. Kadiev, E., Mosaferirad, P., Patel, V., Thankachan, L., Tram, A., Weinlein, M., Woodfin, K., Raffa, R.B. and Nagar, S.: Role of pharmacogenetics in variable response to drugs: focus on opioids. Expert Opinion in Drug Metabolism and Toxicology 4:77-91, 2008.

180. Raffa, R.B.: Basic pharmacology relevant to drug abuse assessment: tramadol as example Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 33:101-108, 2008.

181. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W., Ross, G., Powell, J.A., Phillips, A.G., Ding, Z. and Rawls,

S.M.: The -opioid receptor antagonist nor-BNI inhibits cocaine and amphetamine, but not cannabinoid (WIN 52212-2), abstinence-induced withdrawal in planarians: an example of „pharmacologic congruence‟. Brain Research 1193:51-56, 2008.

182. Farrell, M.S., Gilmore, K., Raffa, R.B. and Walker, E.A.: Behavioral characterization of serotonergic activation in the flatworm Planaria. Behavioural Pharmacology 19:177-182, 2008.

183. Rawls, S.M., Cavallo, F., Capasso, A., Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: The ß-lactam antibiotic ceftriaxone inhibits physical dependence and abstinence-induced withdrawal from cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, and clorazepate in planarians. European Journal of Pharmacology 584:278-284, 2008.

184. Sacavage, S., Patel, H., Zielinski, M., Acker, J., Phillips, A.G., Raffa, R.B., and Rawls, S.M: Withdrawal-like behavior in planarians is dependent on drug exposure duration. Neurosci-ence Letters 439:84-88, 2008. [doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2008.04.086]

185. Raffa, R.B. and Stone, D.J.: Unexceptional seizure potential of tramadol or its enantiomers or metabolites in mice. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 325:500-506, 2008. [doi:10.1124/jpet.108.137273]

186. Raffa, R.B. and Nagar, S.: Looking beyond the administered drug: metabolites of opioid analgesics. Journal of Family Practice 57(Suppl):S1-S8, 2008.

187. Rawls, S.M., Gerber, K., Zisk, J., Ding, Z., Roth, C., and Raffa, R.B.: Agmatine: identifica-tion and inhibition of methamphetamine, kappa opioid, and cannabinoid physical depend-ence in planarians. Synapse 62:927-934, 2008. (Dec) [doi 10.1002/syn.20571]

188. Rawls, S.M., Baron, S., Ding, Z., Roth, C., Zaveri, N., and Raffa, R.B.: Nociceptin attenu-ates methamphetamine abstinence-induced withdrawal-like behavior in planarians. Neuro-peptides 42:229-237, 2008.

189. Foley, J.J., Raffa, R.B., and Walker, E.A.: Effects of 5-fluorouracil and methotrexate alone and combined in a mouse model of learning and memory. Psychopharmacology 199:527-538, 2008. [doi 10. 1007/s00213-008-1175-y]

190. Dhami, H., Fritz, C., Gankin, B., Pak, S., Yi, W., Seya, M-J., Raffa, R.B., Nagar, S.: The chemokine system and CCR5 antagonists: potential in HIV treatment and other novel ther-apies. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 34:147-160, 2009. (Apr) [doi:10.111 1/j.1365-2710.2008.00978.x]

191. Varga, L., Ako-Agugua, N., Colasante, J., Hertweck, L., Houser, T., Smith, J., Watty, A., Nagar, S., Raffa, R.B.: Critical review of ropinirole and pramipexole – putative dopamine D3-receptor selective agonists – for the treatment of RLS. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 34:493-505, 2009 (Oct).

192. Raffa, R.B. The m5 muscarinic receptor as possible target for treatment of drug abuse. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics 34:623-629, 2009 (Dec). [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01059.x]

193. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Oxymorphone and opioid rotation. Pain Medicine 10(Suppl 1):S39-S48, 2009. (Apr) [doi:10.1111/j.1526-4637.2009.00598.x]

194. Raffa, R.B.: Is a picture worth a thousand (forgotten) words?: neuroimaging evidence for the cognitive deficits in „chemo-fog‟/‟chemo-brain‟. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Thera-peutics, 35:1-9, 2010 (Jan) [doi:101111/j.1365-2710.2009.01044.x]

http://www.pharmacologyonline.unisa.it/


195. Ding, Z. and Raffa, R.B.: Identification of an additional supraspinal component to the anal-gesic mechanism of action of buprenorphine. British Journal of Pharmacology 157:831-843, 2009. (July) [doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.0029.x]

196. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: The use of high-dose transdermal buprenorphine in the treatment of cancer pain. Journal of Medicine, 2:111-120, 2009. (May/June)

197. Rawls, S.M., Thomas, T., Adeola, M., Patel, T., Raymindi, N., Poles, A., Loo, M. and Raffa, R.B.: Topiramate antagonizes NMDA- and AMPA-induced seizure-like activity in planari-ans. Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior, 93:363-367, 2009. (Oct) [doi:10.1016/j. pbb. 2009.05.005]

198. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Gould, E.: Considerations on the use of oxymorphone in geriatric patients. Expert Opinion on Drug Safety. 8:603-613, 2009. (Sep) [doi: 10.1517/ 14740330903153854].

199. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Effects on the visual system might contribute to some of the cognitive defects of cancer chemotherapy-induced „chemo-fog‟. Journal of Clinical Pharma-cy and Therapeutics, 35:249-255, 2010 (June) [doi:10.1111/j.1365-2710.2009.01086.x]

200. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: „Affinity‟: historical development in chemistry and pharma-cology. Bulletin for the History of Chemistry, 35:7-16, 2010. (Jan)

201. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Pappagallo, M., Raffa, R.B., Gharibo, C., Phillips, R.B. and Tabor, A.: Preliminary observations of a novel topical oil with analgesic properties for treatment of acute and chronic pain syndromes. Pain Practice, 10:201-213 (May/June) [doi: 10.1111/j. 1533-2500.2009.00350.x].

202. Tallarida, R.J., Cowan, A. and Raffa, R.B.: On deriving the dose-effect relation of an un-known second component: an example using buprenorphine preclinical data. Drug & Alco-hol Dependence, 109:126-129, 2010 (Jun) [doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.12.014]

203. Raffa, R.B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Tallarida, R.J.: The determination and application of fixed-dose analgesic combinations for treating multimodal pain. Journal of Pain, 11:701-709, 2010 (Aug) [doi:10.1016/j.jpain.2009.12.010]

204. Morlion, B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: European perspectives and upcoming anal-gesics: what do they have that we don‟t and what do they think about them? Techniques in Regional Anesthesia and Pain Management, 14:86-98, 2010 (Apr).

205. Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: The application of drug dose equivalence in the quantitative analysis of receptor occupation and drug combinations. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 127:165-174, 2010 (Aug) [doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.04.011]

206. Raffa, R.B.: Commentary: A proposed mechanism for chemotherapy-related cognitive im-pairment. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, in press

207. Rawls, S.M., Patil, T., Kim, J. and Raffa, R.B.: First evidence that abused drugs produce behavioral sensitization and cross-sensitization in planarians. Behavioural Pharmacology, 21:301-313, 2010 (July) [doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32833b0098]

208. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Segarnick, D.J., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Oxycodone combina-tions for pain relief. Drugs of Today, 46:379-398, 2010 (Jun) [doi: 10.1358/dot.2010.46.6. 1470106]

209. Toussaint, K., Yang, X.C., Zielinski, M., Reigle, K., Sacavage, S., Nagar, S., Raffa, R.B.: What do we (not) know about how paracetamol (acetaminophen) works? Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, in press

210. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Deciphering the mechanism(s) of action of natural pro-ducts: analgesic peroxide oil as example. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, in press

211. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Opioid formulations designed to resist/deter abuse. Drugs, in press

212. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Aloisi, A.M., Dahan, A., Filitz, J., Langford, R., Likar, R., Mercadante, S., Morlion, B., Raffa, R.B., Sabatowski, P., Sacerdote, P., Torres, L.M. and Weinbroum, A.A.: Current knowledge of buprenorphine and its unique pharmacological profile. Pain Practice, in press

213. Raffa, R.B.: Minireview Diselenium, instead of disulfide, bonded analogs of conotoxins: novel synthesis and pharmacotherapeutic potential. Life Sciences, in press


214. Rawls, S.M., Shah, H., Nasr, G. and Raffa, R.B.: 5-HT1A-like receptor activation inhibits abstinence-induced methamphetamine withdrawal in planarians. Neuroscience Letters, in press

215. Vyas, C.A., Rawls, S.M., Raffa, R.B., Shackman, J.G.: Glutamate and aspartate measure-ments in individual planaria by rapid capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods, in press

216. Rawls, S.M., Karaca, F, Madhani, I, Bhojani, V., Martinez, R., Abou-Gharbia, M. and Raffa, R.B.: β-lactamase inhibitors display anti-seizure properties in an invertebrate assay. Neuro-science, in press

217. Ward, S.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Is it the drug or the mechanism: rimonabant redux and the potential for therapeutic utility of CB1 receptor neutral-antagonists/inverse-agonists. Obesity, in press

Submitted or In Preparation: ###. Raffa, R.B.: Mechanistic insight from a hormetic (inverted-U) dose-response curve: an

example from preclinical buprenorphine-induced antinociception. ###. Morlion, B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Flupirtine. ###. Leslie, J.B., Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B., Kash, P., Fleischer, C., Sinclair, N., Amen, R.

and Tabor, A.: Evaluation of a novel topical essential oxygen oil for the treatment of pain. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, submitted

###. Raffa, R.B. and Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr.: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia: is it clinically relevant for the treatment of pain patients? Anesthesia & Analgesia, submitted

###. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: The guideline gap for prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting in adolescent patients: is there a role for transdermal scopolamine. in prep

###. Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Philip, B.K., Candiotti, K.A., Leslie, J.B. and Raffa, R.B.: A review of transdermal scopolamine for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. in prep

###. Akter, K., Lanza, E.A., Martin, S.A., Myronyuk, N., Rua, M. and Raffa, R.B.: Diabetes melli-tus & Alzheimer disease: shared pathology and treatment? British Journal of Clinical Phar-macology, submitted

###. Akter, K., Gallo, D.A., Martin, S.A., Myronyuk, N., Roberts, R.T., Stercula, K. and Raffa, R. B.: Essential fatty acids in the etiology and treatment of schizophrenia. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, in revision

### Pergolizzi, J.V. Jr., Raffa, R.B. and Labhestwar, S.: Chronification of pain and the role of tertiary prevention in the form of treating acute pain syndromes. Advances in Preventive Medicine, submitted

4. Special reviews/other 1. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia I. May 1 – June 6, 1994.

Analgesia, 1:1-9, 1994. 2. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia II. June 7 – July 11, 1994.

Analgesia, 1:83-90, 1995. 3. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia III. July 18 – August 1, 1994.

Analgesia, 1:145-150, 1995. 4. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia IV - VI. August 8, 1994 –

February 27, 1995. Analgesia, 1:211-242, 1995. 5. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia VII. February 28, 1995 – April

10, 1995. Analgesia, 2: 1-10, 1996. 6. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia VIII. April 11, 1995 – August 7,

1995. Analgesia, 2: 63-91, 1996.


7. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia IX. August 8, 1995 – January 1,

1996. Analgesia, 2: 165-190, 1996. 8. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia X. January 2 – March 18, 1996.

Analgesia, 2: 237-254, 1996. 9. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XI. March 19 – June 29, 1996.

Analgesia, 3: 51-100, 1997. 10. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XII. June 30 – October 12,

1996. Analgesia, 3: 141-221, 1997. 11. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIII. October 1996 – January

1997. Analgesia, 3: 307-493, 1998. 12. Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIV. January – July 1 1997.

Analgesia, 4: 33-171, 1999. 13. McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XV. July –

December 1997. Analgesia, 4: 197-375, 1999. 14. McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVI. January –

December 1998. Analgesia, 4: 409-459, 1999. 15. McCary J.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVII. January –

June 1999. Analgesia, 4: 505-663, 1999. 16. Schulingkamp R.J., McCary J.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XVIII.

July – December 1999. Analgesia, 5: 84-209, 2000. 17. Schulingkamp R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Current Research in Analgesia XIX. January – June

2000. Analgesia, 5: 249-550, 2001. 18. Raffa., R.B.: Acetaminophen and metabolite: lack of effect on NO synthase (constitutive or

inducible) [letter]. Headache, 42:237-238, 2002. 19. Raffa, R.B.: Pain medications. In: Bernstein et al. Analgesia in Sports Medicine. McGraw-

Hill, 2003. 20. Raffa, R.B.: Mechanism of action of acetaminophen. Journal of Clinical Rheumatology 9

(Supplement):S12-S15, 2003. 21. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: Endothelin antagonists in CION injury model (Chichorro et al.,

2006). [Letter to the editor]. Pain 126:322 [doi:10.1016/j.pain.2006.07.013] 5. Proceedings publications

1. Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D., [D-Met

2]-FMRFamide (DMFa): production of naloxone

sensi-tive antinociception in mouse tail-flick test. NIDA Research Monographs 105:391-392, 1990.

2. Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Selve, N., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: opioid and nonopioid components. NIDA Research Monographs 119:312, 1991.

3. Stone, D.J., Jr. and Raffa, R.B: Time-course of Gi2 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense antag-onism of µ opioid antinociception in mouse tail-immersion test. Analgesia 1:770-773, 1995.

4. Pergolizzi, J., Böger, R.H., Budd, K., Dahan, A., Erdine, S., Hans, G., Kress, H-G., Langford, R., Likar, R., Raffa, R.B., Sacerdote, P.: CONSENSUS STATEMENT: Opioids and the management of chronic severe pain in the elderly: consensus statement of an international expert panel with focus on the six clinically most often used World Health Organization step III opioids (buprenorphine, fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, mor-phine, oxycodone). Pain Practice 8:287–313, 2008.

Abstracts 1. Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Morphine receptor dissociation

constant (KA) and morphine efficacy determined by the charcoal meal test in rats. Feder-ation Proceedings 40:282, 1981.


2. Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Ethylketocyclazocine and morph-ine: a comparison of their efficacies on gastrointestinal transit after central administration to rats. Federation Proceedings 40: 288, 1981.

3. Raffa, R.B., Porreca, F., Murray, R., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: A comparison of the stimulus-effect curves of morphine for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointestinal transit in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:50, 1981.

4. Porreca, F., Raffa, R.B., Sheldon, R., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Pharmacological char-acteristics of morphine and ethylketocyclazocine for analgesia and inhibition of gastrointest-inal transit in rats. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 7:50, 1981.

5. Raffa, R.B. Porreca, F., Cowan, A. and Tallarida, R.J.: Evidence for the role of conditioning in the development of tolerance to morphine-induced inhibition of gastrointestinal motility in rats. Federation Proceedings 41:1317, 1982.

6. Porreca, F., Cowan, A., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Cross-tolerance between morphine and ethylketocyclazocine using analgesia and gastrointestinal motility as endpoints in rats. Federation Proceedings 41:1221, 1982.

7. Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: The effects of Na+ concentration on ultraviolet

light-induced photorelaxation of isolated rabbit thoracic aorta. The Pharmacologist 25:137, 1983.

8. Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Drug receptor constants of three alpha-adrenergic agonists on isolated rabbit aorta using equilibrium pertubation by UV light. Federation Proceedings 42:619, 1983.

9. Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Ionic requirements for ultraviolet light induced photorelaxation in vascular smooth muscle. Federation Proceedings 43:351, 1984.

10. Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: A model for the antagonism of receptor-activated biological effects that are mediated by intracellular second messengers. Federation Proceedings 44: 507, 1985.

11. Aceto, J.F., Kitzen, J., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Effect of subchronic treatment with verapamil on alpha-adrenoceptor mediated contraction of rabbit thoracic aorta. Federation Proceedings 44:1642, 1985.

12. Raffa, R.B. and Bianchi, C.P.: FMRFamide enhances acetylcholine action. The Pharma-cologist 27:189, 1985.

13. Aceto, J.F., Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J.: Effects of Na+ on ultraviolet light-induced pho-

torelaxation and c-GMP levels in rabbit aorta. Federation Proceedings 45:1010, 1986. 14. Bianchi, C.P., Raffa, R.B., Narayan, S.R. and Pickard, T.M.: Heavy metal ion inhibition of

acetylcholine contracture of molluscan smooth muscle. Federation Proceedings 45:921, 1986.

15. Tallarida, R.J., Raffa, R.B. and Aceto, J.F.: Receptor down regulation, competitive antag-onism and pA2. Federation Proceedings 45:323, 1986.

16. Zhu, X.Z. and Raffa, R.B.: FMRFamide: low affinity inhibition of opioid binding to rabbit brain membranes. Federation Proceedings 45:797, 1986.

17. Raffa, R.B., Heyman, J. and Porreca, F.: FMRFamide: intrathecal administration produces excessive grooming behavior in mice. Federation Proceedings 45:797, 1986.

18. Raffa R.B., Scott, R.W., Mathiasen, J.R., Goode, T.L. and Vaught, J.L: Pilocarpine-induced reciprocal hindlimb scratching in mice. Federation Proceedings 46:549. 1987.

19. Mathiasen, J.R., Raffa, R.B. and Vaught, J.L.: Differentiation between spinal and supra-spinal actions of opioid agonists in vivo utilizing mu-receptor deficient mice. Federation Proceedings 46:953, 1987.

20. Vaught, J.L., Mathiasen, J.R. and Raffa, R.B.: Utilization of mu opioid receptor deficient mice prove delta opioid receptor mediated analgesia: differentiation between spinal and supraspinal receptor mechanisms. Pain (Supplement) 4:S248, 1987.

21. Raffa, R.B. Mathiasen, J.R. and Brown, D.Q.: Morphine-, but not enkephalin-, analgesia is attenuated by prior gamma irradiation. Radiation Society Meeting, Philadelphia, 1988.

22. Raffa, R.B., Mathiasen, J.R. and Kimball, E.S.: Transfer of defective analgesic response to morphine by adoptive transfer of spleen cells. The FASEB Journal 2:A1261, 1988.


23. Raffa, R.B. and Jacoby, H.I.: F-8-F-Amide and A-18-F-Amide, mammalian FaRPs, act like opioid agonists, not antagonists, in mouse colon. Society for Neuroscience Abstracts 15:663, 1989.

24. Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Comparison of central (icv) and peripheral (ip) administration of serotonin agonists on rat gastric emptying. Gastrointestinal Motility 1:52, 1989.

25. Vaught, J.L., Martin, G.E., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P., Dubinsky, B., Bowden, C. and Scott, M.: The pharmacological profile of RWJ 25730: A potential antipsychotic agent with re-duced EPS liability. The FASEB Journal 4 (3):A618, 1990.

26. Schupsky, J.J., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P., Ortegon, M.E. and Vaught, J.L.: Etoperidone, trazodone and MCPP inhibit 8-OH-DPAT-induced reciprocal forepaw treading in reserp-inized rats: Evidence for in vivo serotonin 5-HT-1A antagonistic activity. The FASEB Journal 4 (3):A618, 1990.

27. Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: [D-Met2]-FMRFamide (DMFa): Production of naloxone-

sensitive antinociception in mouse tail-flick test. CPDD, Richmond, VA 1990. 28. Raffa, R.B.: The actions of FMRF-NH2 and FMRF-NH2 related peptides on mammals.

CPDD, Richmond, VA 1990. 29. Jacoby, H.I., Bonfilio, A.C. and Raffa, R.B.: Effect of central and peripheral administration

of serotonin on rat colonic propulsive motility. American Motility Society 6th Biennial Sym-

posium, October 14-17, 1990. 30. Vaught, J.L., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Codd, E.E., and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for an

unexpected non-opioid component of tramadol-induced antinociception in vivo. American Pain Society Meeting, 1990.

31. Codd, E.E., Shank, R.P., Raffa, R.B. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid binding potency and inhibi-tion of neurotransmitter uptake by the analgesic tramadol. Society for Neuroscience, 1990.

32. Vaught, J.L., Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: unexpected nonopioid component. The FASEB Journal 5 (4):A473, 1991.

33. Mattia, A., Vanderah, T., Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L. and Porreca, F.: Tramadol produces antinociception through spinal sites, with minimal tolerance, in mice. The FASEB Journal 5 (4):A473, 1991.

34. Wild, K.D., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Thermodynamic analysis of the interaction of naloxone with the opioid receptor in mouse isolated vas deferens. The FASEB Journal 5 (4):A***, 1991.

35. Raffa, R.B., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Selve, N., Connelly, C. D., Martinez, R.P. and Vaughts, J.L. Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: opioid and nonopioid components. CPDD, June 16-20, 1991.

36. Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B., Shank, R.P. and Vaught, J.L.: Opioid and nonopioid activity of the analgesic tramadol and its major metabolite mono-O-desmethyl tramadol. FASEB – INRC Summer Conference, June, 1991.

37. Raffa, R.B., Jacoby H.I., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P. and Schupsky, J.J.: A novel pain model: endothelin-induced abdominal constriction. American Pain Society (APS), New Orleans, November 7-10, 1991.

38. Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Supraspinal antinociception produced by [D-Met2]-FMRF-

amide (DMFa) in mice. Society for Neuroscience, New Orleans, November 10-15, 1991. 39. Shank, R.P., Vaught, J.L., Raffa, R.B. and Maryanoff, B.E.: Investigation of the mechan-

ism of action of topiramate‟s anticonvulsant activity. American Epilepsy Society, Philadel-phia, December 1991.

40. Connelly, C.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: evidence for a syn-ergistic anti-nociceptive interaction between its enantiomers. Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Summit, NJ, May, 1992.

41. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Morphine antinociception is mediated through a LiCl-sensitive, IP3-restorable pathway. Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Summit, NJ, May, 1992.


42. Schupsky, J.J., Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Effectiveness of spinal and supraspinal opioid mu and delta receptor agonists in endothelin-1-induced nociception. Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Summit, NJ, May, 1992.

43. Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J., and Raffa, R.B.: Effectiveness of spinal and supraspinal opioid mu and delta receptor agonists in endothelin-1-induced nociception. CPDD, Key-stone, CO, June 1992.

44. Raffa, R.B. and Connelly, C.D.: Tramadol, an atypical opioid analgesic: evidence for a synergistic antinociceptive interaction between its enantiomers. CPDD, Keystone, CO, June 1992.

45. Martinez, R.P. and Raffa, R.B.: Differential sensitivity of opioid mu agonists to antagonism by glibenclamide, a putative blocker of ATP-sensitive potassium channels. INRC, Keystone CO, June, 1992.

46. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P. and Porreca, F: Lack of antinociceptive efficacy of intracerebro-ventricular [D-Ala

2,Glu

4]deltorphin, but not [D-Pen

2,D-Pen

5]enkephalin, in recombinant in-

bred CXBK mice. INRC, Keystone, CO, June, 1992. 47. Raffa, R.B. and Martinez, R.P: Supraspinal morphine antinociception is mediated through a

LiCl-sensitive IP3-restorable pathway in mice. ASPET, Orlando, FL, August, 1992. 48. Wild, K.D., Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Magnitude of anti-

nociceptive tolerance to sufentanil and morphine is not related to efficacy following repeat-ed injection in the mouse. American Pain Society (APS), San Diego, October 22-25, 1992.

49. Renzi, M.J., Codd, E.E., Kimball, E.S., Shank, R.P. and Raffa, R.B: Interleukin-1 enhances the binding of the delta opioid ligand DPDPE. ASPET, San Francisco, July 30 - August 3, 1993 [The Pharmacologist 35:188, 1993].

50. Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Jacoby, H.I., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W., Schneider, J. and Selve, N.: Tramadol: contribution of each of its enantiomers to the antinociception and side effects in mice and rats. CPDD, Toronto, June 12-17, 1993.

51. Raffa, R.B., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E., Jacoby, H.I., Friderichs, E., Reimann, W. and Selve, N.: Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic: the contribution of its enantiomers to antinociception and lowered side effects in mice. IASP, Paris, August 22-27, 1993.

52. Reimann, W., Friderichs, E., Schneider, J., Selve, N., Vaught, J.L., Shank, R.P., Codd, E.E. and Raffa, R. B.: Tramadol, a centrally-acting analgesic: the contribution of its enantiomers to antinociception and side effects in rats. IASP, Paris, August 22-27, 1993.

53. Connelly, C.D., Martinez, R.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Etonitazene produces potent, supraspinally-mediated antinociception in normal and in opioid-µ1 deficient (CXBK) mice. Society for Neuroscience, Wash-ington D.C., November 7-12, 1993.

54. Codd, E.E., Raffa, R.B., Schupsky, J.J. and Shank, R.P.: Serotonin and norepinephrine uptake inhibiting activity of centrally-acting analgesics: structural determinants and role in antinociception. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July 16-21, 1994.

55. Raffa, R.B. and Schupsky, J.J.: Opioid µ receptor subtypes (possibly µ1 and µ2) revealed by morphine-induced antinociception vs. endothelin-1 in µ1-deficient recombinant inbred CXBK mice. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July 16-21, 1994.

56. Wild, K.D., Vanderah, T., Mosberg, H.I., Raffa, R.B. and Porreca, F.: Opioid delta receptor subtypes mediate antinociception by different mechanisms. INRC, N. Falmouth, MA, July 16-21, 1994.

57. Raffa, R.B., Martinez, R.P., Connelly, C.D., Sadée, W. and Porreca, F.: Evidence for a constitutively activated receptor in the development of morphine tolerance in mice. XIIth Internat‟l. Congress of Pharmacol. (IUPHAR), Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72(suppl. 1):348, 1994].

58. Codd, E.E., Bennett, D.J., Connelly, C.D., Wild, K.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Relationships among

2-adrenergic compounds in receptor binding, isolated organ and antinociceptive activity. XIIth Internat‟l. Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72(suppl. 1):344, 1994].

59. Wild, K.D., Sadée, W., Porreca, F. and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for a constitutively active mu receptor in naloxone-induced morphine-withdrawal in guinea-pig ileum. XIIth International Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR), Montreal, July 24-29, 1994 [Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (suppl. 1):353, 1994].


60. Stone, D.J., Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Time-course of Gi2 oligodeoxynucleotide antisense ant-agonism of µ opioid antinociception in mouse tail-immersion test. INRC, St. Andrews, July 9-13, 1995.

61. Raffa, R.B., Connelly, C.D. and Stone, D.J., Jr.: The effect of G-protein subunit antisense oligonucleotides on i.c.v. 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced antinociception in mice. ASPET Colloquium “Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”, Nashville, TN Oct 25-27, 1995.

62. Wild, K.D., Nortey, S.O., Jr. and Raffa, R.B.: Evidence for multiple functional 2-adrenocep-tor subtypes in the mouse isolated vas deferens. ASPET Colloquium “Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”, Nashville, TN Oct 25-27, 1995.

63. Codd, E.E., Connelly, C.D., Giardino, E.C., Kirifides, A.L., Lewis, M.A., Li, Q.S., Stewart F.P., Schupsky, J.J. and Raffa, R.B.: Relationships among 2-adrenergic agonists in recep-tor binding and antinociceptive, cardiovascular and sedative activity. ASPET Colloquium “Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and therapeutic implications”, Nashville, TN Oct 25-27, 1995.

64. Rogers, K.E., Erlander, M.E., Wild, K.D., Yagel, S.K., Galindo, J. and Raffa, R.B.: PCR differential display identifies rat dorsal root ganglia mRNAs which are regulated in a neur-opathic pain model. Society for Neuroscience, Washington D.C., November, 1996.

65. Wu, W-N., McKown, L.A., Takacs, A.R. and Raffa, R.B.: In vitro metabolism of tramadol N-oxide in rat hepatic S9 fractions. 6th European ISSX Meeting, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 30 - July 3, 1997.

66. Wu, W-N., Desai, D., McKown, L.A., Gauthier, A.D., Jones, W.J., Takacs, A.R., Scott, L., Sorgi, K.L. and Raffa, R.B.: Metabolism of Ultram

® (tramadol) in the dog. 6th European

ISSX Meeting, Gothenburg, Sweden, June 30 - July 3, 1997. 67. Liu-Chen, L-Y., Li, J-G. and Raffa, R.B. Thermodynamic analysis of ligand binding to the

cloned rat µ opioid receptor. INRC, Hong Kong, Aug 3-8, 1997. 68. Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G.F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W. EP3-

receptor antisense attenuates fever induced by centrally administered prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Society for Neurosciences Abstracts 23: 138, 1997.

69. Li, J-G., Raffa, R.B. and Liu-Chen, L-Y. Thermodynamic analysis of ligand binding to the cloned rat µ opioid receptor. Society for Neurosciences, New Orleans, Oct 25-30, 1997.

70. Stone, D.J. Jr., Hipp, S. and Raffa, R.B. Supraspinal ∆9-THC and anandamide antinoci-

ception in mice is differentiated by cholra toxin. CPDD (60th) Scottsdale, June 13-18, 1998. 71. Wild, K.D., Yagel, S.K. and Raffa, R.B. Thermodynamic analysis of the human delta opioid

receptor (h-DOR) expressed in CHO cells. INRC, Garmisch, July 21-25, 1998. 72. Xin, L., Geller, E.B., Bastepe, M., Raffa, R.B., Mao, G.F., Ashby, B. and Adler, M.W. EP3-

receptor anti-sense attenuates fever induced by centrally administered interleukin 1ß (IL-1). Society for Neurosciences Abstracts 24: 2077, 1998.

73. Raffa, R.B., Stone, D.J. Jr and Tallarida, R.J. Antinociceptive “self-synergy” between spinal and supraspinal acetaminophen (paracetamol). IXth IASP World Congress on Pain Vienna, Aug 22-29, 1999.

74. Connelly, C.D., Carson, J.R., Pitis, P.M., Carmosin, R.J., Reitz, A.B., Raffa, R.B and Codd, E.E. Antinociceptive profile of RWJ-52807. Society for Neurosciences, Miami Beach, Oct 23-28, 1999.

75. Tao, Q., Stone, D.J. Jr., Desai, D., Raffa, R.B. and Borenstein, MR. Determination of tram-adol levels in rodent brain tissue by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detect-ion (NPD). AAPS (American Association of Pharmacy Schools), New Orleans, Nov, 1999.

76. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. Determination of combination therapy synergy in animal models. APLAR (Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology), Beijing, May 21-26, 2000.

77. Raffa, R.B. and Tallarida, R.J. Determination of combination therapy synergy in animal models. EULAR (European Congress of Rheumatology; Nice, June 21-24, 2000) Annals of Rheumatic Diseases 59(Suppl 1):78, 2000.

78. Schulingkamp, R. and Raffa, R.B. Increased receptor reserve („spare‟ -adrenoceptors) in12-week and 1-year diabetic rats. The FASEB Journal 15: A581, 2001.


79. Spencer, S.D., Abdul, O. and Raffa, R.B.: Isothermal titration calorimetry: determination of Kd and thermodynamic parameters of 2'–cytidine monophosphate binding to RNase-A in the presence of several intracellular ions. MAPS meeting, Philadelphia. The Pharmacol-ogist 43:195, 2001.

80. Pitis, P.M., Carson, J.R., Carmosin, R., Raffa, R.B. and Codd, E.E. Non-opioid antinoci-ceptive agents structurally related to tramadol. 223

rd American Chemical Society National

Meeting, Orlando, April 7-11, 2002. 81. Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: Naloxone-reversible opioid withdrawal in Planaria. MAPS

meeting, Wilmington. DE. The Pharmacologist, 44:180, 2002. 82. Spencer, S.D. and Raffa, R.B.: Application of differential enzyme kinetic analysis to iso-

thermal titration microcalorimetric measurement of a reaction complicated by end-product inhibition. MAPS meeting, Wilmington. DE. The Pharmacologist, 44;180, 2002.

83. Umeda, S., Stagliano, G.W. and Raffa, R.B.: -Opioid and cocaine withdrawal is reversed by D-glucose but not L-glucose. MAPS meeting, Stratford NJ. The Pharmacologist, 45: 135, 2003.

84. Stagliano, G.W., Umeda, S., and Raffa, R.B.: -Opioid withdrawal in Planaria. MAPS meet-ing, Stratford, NJ. The Pharmacologist, 45:136, 2003.

85. Stagliano, G.W., Umeda, S., Tallarida, R.J. and Raffa, R.B.: A method to study poly-drug withdrawal using Planaria. The Pharmacologist, 46:134, 2004.

86. Yue, H., Raffa, R.B., Jansen, S.A. and Borenstein, M.R.: Validation and application of a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric method for the determination of buprenorphine and norbuprenorphine in rat plasma and brain tissue by 96-well plate solid phase extract-ion. Pittsburgh Conference, Orlando, FL, Feb 27 - Mar 4, 2005.

87. Walker, E.A., Prabandham, A., Raffa, R.B., and Tallarida, R.J.: Dose combinations of nal-

trexone and 6 -naltrexole produce additive antagonism of morphine in the rat warm-water tail-withdrawal procedure. Society for Neuroscience, Washington DC, Nov 12-16, 2005.

88. Farrell, M.S., Raffa, R.B. and Walker, E.A.: Behavioral effects of serotonin in Planaria. Behavioural Pharmacology, 16(suppl 1):S104, 2005.

89. Raffa, R.B., Stagliano, G.W., Ross, G., Powell, J.A., Phillips, A.G., Ding, Z. and Rawls, S.M.: Cocaine and amphetamine but not cannabinoid (WIN 52212-2) abstinence-induced

withdrawal/physical-dependence is mediated via a -opioid receptor-like pathway in planar-ians: „pharmacologic congruence‟. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.

90. Roth, C., Raffa, R.B. and Rawls, S.M.; NMDA-like receptor activation and nitric oxide syn-thesis mediate the development and expression of methamphetamine physical depend-ence in planarians. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.

91. Cavallo, F., Capasso, A. and Raffa, R.B.: Flumazinil-sensitive dose-related physical de-pendence in planarians produced by two benzodiazepine and one non-benzodiazepine benzodiazepine-receptor agonists. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharmacologist, in press 2007.

92. Raffa, R.B. and Ding, Z.: PTX-insensitive Gz transduction pathway contributes to buprenor-phine-induced supraspinal, but not spinal, antinociception. MAPS, Philadelphia The Pharm-acologist, in press 2007.

Professional Meetings

1988 FASEB 1989 Society of Neuroscience, Philadelphia Chapter Annual Meeting 1989 Mid -Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Peptides as Targets for Drug Research 1989 Princeton Drug Research Symposium New Strategies in Pain Control 1989 American Pain Society 8th Annual Symposium 1989 University of Arizona Symposium Peptides as Neurotransmitters: Issues and Concepts 1989 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 1989 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium New Approaches to the Treatment of

Mental Illness 1990 VI World Congress on Pain 1990 CPDD Meeting


1991 CPDD Meeting 1991 ASPET 1991 American Pain Society 10th Annual Meeting 1991 Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting 1992 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Growth Factors as Pharmaceuticals 1992 CPDD Meeting 1992 INRC Meeting 1993 CPDD Meeting 1993 VII World Congress on Pain 1993 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Nitric Oxide 1994 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Epilepsy: Recent Pharmacologic

Advances and Future Directions 1994 Pharmacology of Adrenoceptors (King of Prussia, PA) 1994 INRC Meeting 1994 XII International Congress of Pharmacology (IUPHAR) (Toronto) 1995 CPDD Meeting (Phoenix) 1995 INRC Meeting (St. Andrews) 1995 ASPET Colloquium (Nashville): Alpha2-adrenergic receptors: structure, function and

therapeutic implications, 1996 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Modern Computational Approaches to

Drug Design. 1996 INRC Meeting (Long Beach, CA) 1996 VIIIth IASP World Congress on Pain (Vancouver) 1997 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium 1997 CPDD Meeting (Nashville) 1997 IBC Conference: Novel Targets for The Treatment of Pain (Washington D.C.) 1998 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society Symposium Regulation of Transcription 1998 INRC Meeting (Garmisch, Germany) 1998 American Society of Healthcare Pharmacists (Las Vegas) 1999 APhA Meeting (San Antonio) 1999 IXth IASP World Congress on Pain (Vienna) 1999 IASP satellite symposium: Pharmacological treatment of ongoing and stimulus-evoked

neuropathic pain (Como, Italy) 2000 APLAR Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology (Beijing, May 21-26) Sept

25-28) 2001 Isothermal Titration Microcalorimetry: Satellite symposium of the International Peptide

Society (Philadelphia, July 26-28) 2001 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA 2002 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Wilmington, DE 2003 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Stratford, NJ 2004 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Collegeville, PA 2005 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA 2006 Pennsylvania Pharmacists Association, Valley Forge, PA 2006 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Valley Forge, PA 2007 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA 2008 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Collegeville, PA 2009 Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society, Philadelphia, PA


Scientific Advisory Board

Pain Therapeutics Consulting History

Adolor

Alteon

Asta Medica

Discovery Research Consultants

Grünenthal

Johnson & Johnson

LAPID

Novartis

Onconova

Purdue Pharma

academic affiliations

Documents

pa robert

philadelphia pa ms thesis

tusp research professor

department of pharmacology

research assistant professor

research fellow

research instructor

hofmann research scientist