COLEGIO DE BACHILLERES PLANTEL 02 “CIEN METROS” ELISA ACUÑA ROSETTI

ACADEMIA DE INGLÉS

GUÍA DE ESTUDIOS INGLÉS VI

CLAVE 601

ALUMNO: __________________________________________________________________________________ MATRICULA: __________________________________________________________________________________ GRUPO: __________________________________________________________________________________

Guía de estudios Inglés VI

BLOQUE TEMÁTICO 1 VOCABULARIO RELACIONADO CON ESTADO DEL TIEMPO Sunny – soleado Hot – caliente Cloudy – nublado Freezing - congelado Windy – ventoso Wet - humedo Snowy – nevado Temperature - temperatura Stormy - tormentoso Forecast - pronóstico Foggy – con niebla clear - despejado Rainy – lluvioso lightning - relampago Cold – frio Cool - fresco FUTURO WILL Will es utilizado para expresar una promesa, una predicción o algo que se quiere realizar en el futuro.

Affirmative Short form Negative Short form I will I’ll I will not I’ll not / I won’t

You will You’ll You will not She’ll not / she won’t

He will He’ll He will not He’ll not / He won’t

She will She’ll She will not She’ll not / She won’t

It will It’ll It will not It’ll not / It won’t

We will We’ll We will not We’ll not / We won’t

They will They’ll They will not They’ll not / They won’t

Affirmative sentences

Subject + will + verb (simple form) + complement

Examples:

I will call you tonight -> Te llamaré esta noche. She’ll arrive late. -> Ella llegará tarde. They will be happy to see you. -> Ellos estarán felices de verte.

Negative sentences

Subject + will + not + verb (simple form) + complement

Examples:

I will not call you tonight. -> No te llamaré esta noche. She’ll not arrive late. -> Ella no llegará tarde. They won’t be happy to see you. -> Ellos no estarán felices de verte.

Interrogative sentences

Will + Subject + Verb (simple form) + Complement + ?

Examples:

Will you call me tonight? -> ¿Me llamarás esta noche? Will she arrive late? -> ¿Ella llegará tarde? Will they be happy to see you? -> ¿Ellos estarán felices de verte?

EXPRESAR CERTEZA Be sure: Estar seguro. El verbo “be” se cambia por (am – is – are ) dependiendo de la persona.

Examples: Affirmative Negative

I am sure I will finish highschool. I am not sure I will finish highschool. They are sure they will study a major. They are not sure they will study a major. Anna is sure she will arrive early. Anna is not sure he will arrive early.

Definitely: Definitivamente. Este adverbio va escrito después de el auxiliar “will”

I will definitely finish highschool. They will definitely study a major. Ana will definitely arrive late.

EXPRESAR PROBABILIDAD Maybe / perhaps: Tal vez, a lo mejor / Quizás. Estos van escritos al principio de la oración y

pueden ser respuesta a una pregunta. Examples:

Maybe I go to the movies. Perhaps I go to the movies.

Will you go to the movies? Maybe, I don’t know yet. Will you go to the movies? Perhaps, I don’t know yet.

Might: Es posible que, puede que. Este verbo auxiliar va después del sujeto y antes del verbo.

I might go to the movies. They might go out in my bike.

ACTIVITY Complete each sentence or question. Use will or won’t and the verb in parenthesis.

1. Susan ___________________ three children. (have)

2. They _____________________ the semester. (pass / not)

3. _________ you _________________ me with my homework? (help)

4. I ___________________ in U.S.A in five years. (live)

5. Jessica ____________________ for Christmas. (cook / not)

6. ________ Simon ___________________ his homework on vacations? (do)

7. I _________________________ the team next week. (choose)

8. You _________________________ a lot of time to answer the question. (not / have)

9. _________________________ you tomorrow morning? (we / see)

10. I’m sure Jane _________________________ her birthday present. (like)

BLOQUE TEMÁTICO 2 FIRST CONDITIONAL Utilizamos el primer condicional para hablar de una posibilidad real en el futuro; es decir, de una acción que es posible que ocurra en el futuro siempre y cuando se cumpla la condición. Para expresar el primer condicional se necesitan de dos estructuras: Simple present

Affirmative I you we verbo (simple form) they

+ + complement he she verbo –s / -es / -ies It * el verbo have cambia por has sólo con estas tres personas. Negative I You We do not (don’t) They + + verbo (simple form) + complement. He She does not (doesn´t) It Future Will

Affirmative Subject + will + verb (simple form) + complement Negative Subject + will not (won’t) + verb (simple form) + complement

La estructura de el primer condicional puede ser cualquiera de estas dos formas, el significado sigue siendo el mismo.

If Simple present , future (will)

Ó

Future (will) If Simple present

Examples:

If you study for the exam, you will pass the semester. Simple present future (will)

You will pass the semester If you study for the exam.

Future (will) simple present

If we miss the bus, we will be late. = We will be late If we miss the train.

If she finishes her duties, she will go out. = She will go out If she finishes her duties.

If Helen doesn’t work, she won’t have money.= Helen won’t have money If she doesn’t work.

If Tom eats a lot of junk food, he’ll get fat. = Tom will get fat If he eats a lot of junk

food.

If you don’t do your homework, you won’t go to the party. = You won’t go to te party If you don’t do your homework.

ACTIVITY Choose the best option that best completes the sentence in first conditional. 1. If I _____ time, I _____ you. a) will have – call b) have – will call c) call – will have d) will call - have 2. If she _____ enough money, she _____ a car. a) have – will buy b) has – will buys c) will buy – has d) has – will buy

3. We _____ to the beach If the weather _____ good. a) will go – is b) go – will be c) will go – be d) be – will go 4. He _____ the exam If he _____. a) will pass – study b) studies – will pass c) will pass – studies d) will studies – passes

5. If Anna _____, she _____ money. a) won´t work – doesn’t have b) doesn´t work – won´t have c) will not work – don’t have d) don’t work – will not have 6. If you _____ junk food, you _____ fat. a) will get - eat b) eats – will gets c) get – will eat d) eat – will get 7. She _____ to the party If she _____ the dishes. a) doesn`t go – won´t wash b) not go – not wash c) won´t go – don´t wash d) will not go – doesn´t wash

8. You _____ to prison If you _____ a person. a) kill – will go b) go - will kill c) will go - kill d) will kill - go 9. You _____ to prison If you _____ a person. a) kill – will go b) go - will kill c) will go - kill d) will kill - go 10. The TV _____ on If you _____ it. a) don’t conect – won’t turn b) won’t turn – doesn’t conect c) will conect – don’t turn d) won’t turn – don’t conect

REPORTED SPEECH Se utiliza para reportar lo que otra persona ha dicho, si la persona lo dice en general ocupamos el pasado de (say) SAID y si la persona da el mensaje directo a otro individuo ocupamos el pasado de (tell) TOLD. Para ambos puede ser utilizada la palabra “THAT” Se deben hacer los siguientes cambios de estructura: Verb to be present Verb to be past I am I was You are You were He is He was She + is (not) + complement. -> She + was (not) + complement It is It was We are We were They are They were Examples:

Anna: “I am happy.” -> Anna said (that) she was happy.

Tom: “My house is big.” -> Tom said (that) his house was big.

Liz: “My parents are in Puebla.” -> Liz said (that) her parents were in Puebla.

Roger: “I’m not working.” -> Roger said (that) he was not working.

Tom-Lucy: “My car is broken.” -> Tom told Lucy (that) his car was broken.

Jessy-Willy: “My cats are crazy.” -> Jessy told Willy (that) her cats were crazy.

The teacher-the students: “The exam Is not difficult.” -> The teacher told the students

(that)the exam was not difficult

Bob-Jerry: “The papers are not in -> Bob told Jerry (that) the papers were not in his house.

your house.”

* Se deben hacer cambios en los posesivos dependiendo de quien diga el mensaje Simple present Simple past I I You You we verbo (simple form) He Verb they She + in past + complement + + complement It he We she verbo –s / -es / -ies They It -> I I You do not You We (don’t) He did not verb They She + (didn’t) + in present + complement + + verbo + complement. It He (simple form) We She does not They It (doesn´t) Examples:

Anna: “My father works at Walmart.” -> Anna said (that) her father worked at

Walmart.

Tom: “ I don’t have money.” -> Tom said (that) he didn’t have money.

Liz: “My son studies in Bachilleres.” -> Lis said (that) her son studied in

bachilleres.

Roger: “My sister doesn’t have children.” -> Roger said (that) his sister didn’t have

children.

Tom-Lucy: “Carlos does his homework.” -> Tom told Lucy (that) Carlos did his

homework.

Jessy-willy: “We have to go.” -> Jessy told Willy (that) they had to go.

The teacher-The students: “The exam starts -> The teacher told the students (that) the

exam started at 9 at 9.

Bob-Jerry: “The computer doesn’t work.” -> Bob told Jerry (that) the computer didn’t

work.

* Se deben hacer cambios en los posesivos dependiendo de quien diga el mensaje

**Otros cambios de estructura para el reported speech son:

Simple past -> past perfect Present perfect -> past perfect Will -> Would Can -> Could

ACTIVITIES I. Choose the correct reported speech. 1. Sam: “I’m happy.”

a) Sam said he was happy. b) Sam said he were happy. c) Sam said was happy. d) Sam said him were happy.

2. María: “I love my mother.”

a) Maria said she loved my mother. b) Maria said she loved her mother. c) Maria said she loved his mother. d) Maria said she loved your mother.

3. Terry-John: “My friend can’t go to the party.”

a) Terry told John that he couldn’t go to the party.

b) Terry told John that my friend couldn’t gone to the party.

c) Terry told John that her friend couldn’t went to the party.

d) Terry told John that his friend couldn’t go to the party.

4. I – She: “My father has bought a new car.”

a) I told she that my father had bought a new car.

b) I told her that my father had buy a new car.

c) I told her that my father had bought a new car.

d) I told she that my father buy a new car. 5. Diego – Mario: “My sister has two daughters.”

a) Diego said Mario that his sister was had two daughters.

b) Diego told Mario that her sister had two daughters.

c) Diego said Mario that his sister haved two daughters.

d) Diego told Mario that his sister had two daughters.

6. Ana – Brenda: “I don’t know how to cook.”

a) Ana told Brenda that she didn’t know how to cook.

b) Ana told Brenda that she did not knew how to cook.

c) Ana told Brenda that she didn’t know how to cooked.

d) Ana told Brenda that she hadn’t known how to cook.

7. Carlos: “My mother doesn’t drink alcohol.”

a) Carlos told that his mother did not drink alcohol.

b) Carlos said that his mother didn’t drink alcohol.

c) Carlos told that he mother didn’t drink alcohol.

d) Carlos said that my mother did no drink alcohol.

8. Tom and Jerry: “We made a delicious cake.”

a) They said that they had made a delicious cake.

b) They said that had made a delicious cake. c) They said that them did made a delicious

cake. d) They said that them had maked a

delicious cake.

II. Write the reported Speech 1. “I’m in Karla’s house” Susan told her Mom.

Susan told her Mom…

2. “I don’t like your music” Jack told Jerry.

Jack told…

3. “She is my best friend” Susan told me.

Susan told…

4. “I’m not helping you with the project.” Carlos said,

Carlos…

5. “I prefer Pepsi than Coca” She said.

She…

6. “I don’t know how to play the X-box.” She told me.

She told…

7. “She is very intelligent” Marcos said.

Marcos said…

SO / NEITHER Expresar coincidencia (yo también, tú también, Ella también, etc.) o diferencia (yo tampoco, tú tampoco, Ella tampoco, etc.) Para este tema se deben de tomar en cuenta el verbo auxiliar de la oración que se usa. Dependiendo la persona es el auxiliar. Affirmative: SO + AUX + PERSONA Negative: NEITHER + AUX + PERSONA

To be (am / is / are)

I am sexy. -> So am I. (yo también)

So are we. (nosotros también) So is my girlfriend. (mi novia también)

I am not stupid. -> Neither am I. (yo tampoco Neither are we. (nosotros tampoco Neither is Carlos. (Carlos tampoco)

Simple present (do / does)

Carlos speaks English. -> So do I. (yo también)

So does she. (ella también) So does my father. (mi papá también)

I don’t have a car. -> Neither do I.

Neither does she. Neither do Tom and Jerry

Simple past (did)

I went to the movies. -> So did I. (yo también) So did they. (ellos también) So did my sister. (mi hermana también)

I didn’t go to school. -> Neither did she. (ella tampoco)

Neither did you. (tú tampoco) Neither did Anna. (Anna tampoco)

Futuro (will)

Anna will pass the semester. -> So will I. (yo también) So will Carlos. (Carlos también)

So will we. (nosotros también)

I will not go out tonight. -> Neither will I. (yo tampoco) Neither will we. (nosotros tampoco) Neither will my brother. (mi hermano tampoco)

ACTIVITY Write a response for each statement. Use so or neither

1. You are late for school. ______________________ I.

2. You don’t like red skirts. ______________________ Jane.

3. My children go to Bachilleres. ______________________ yours.

4. Paul will buy a car. ______________________ Karen.

5. Students weren’t tired at the end of the day. ______________________ the teachers.

6. Tom speaks English very well. ______________________ Veronica.

7. I am a teacher. ______________________ you.

8. Vivian can’t speak Russian. ______________________ We

9. Anna went to school. ______________________ I

10. I didn’t do homework. ______________________ Peter

BLOQUE TEMÁTICO 3 PRESENT PERFECT Eventos pasados relacionados con el presente. La estructura de el present perfect es la siguiente: Affirmative

I You We + have They verb in + past participle + complement He She + has It * “have” y “has” en esta estructura son auxiliares NO VERBOS

Examples:

You have gone to the Brazil. -> Tú has ido a Brasil Anna has finished her homework. -> Ana a terminado su tarea. We have bought a new car. -> Nosotros hemos comprado un coche. He has sold his house. -> Él ha vendido su casa.

Negative

I You We + have not They (haven’t) verb in + past participle + complement He She + has not It (hasn’t) Examples:

You have not gone to Brazil. -> Tú no has ido a Brasil. Anna hasn’t finished her homework. -> Anna no ha terminado su tarea. We haven’t bought a new car. -> Nosotros no hemos comprado un coche. He has not sold his house. -> Él no ha vendido su casa.

Negative “never” (nunca)

I You We + have They verb in + never + past participle + complement He She + has It * no se utiliza la negación “not” Examples:

You have never gone to Brazil. -> Tú nunca has ido a Brasil. Anna has never finished a project. -> Anna nunca ha terminado un proyecto. We have never bought a new car. -> Nosotros nunca hemos comprado un carro. He has never sold his house. -> Él nunca ha vendido su casa.

Question

I You

Have We + They verb in

+ past participle + complement ? He

Has She + It

Examples:

Have you gone to Brazil? -> ¿Has ido a Brasil? Has Anna finished her homework? -> ¿Anna ha terminado su tarea? Have they bought a new car? -> ¿Ellos han comprado un che nuevo? Has he sold his house? -> ¿Él ha vendido su casa?

Question “ever” (alguna vez)

I You

Have We They verb in

+ + ever + past participle + complement ? He

Has She It

Examples:

Have you ever gone to Brazil? -> ¿Alguna vez has ido a Brasil? Has Anna ever finished a project -> ¿Alguna vez Anna ha terminado un proyecto? Have we ever bought a new car? -> ¿Alguna vez hemos comprado un coche nuevo? Has he ever sold his house? -> ¿Alguna vez él ha vendido su casa?

ACTIVITIES I. Complete the sentences with the affirmative form of the present perfect.

1. Your sister __________ (sing) a beautiful song.

2. We __________ (sleep) for two hours

3. He __________ (travel) to Madrid twice this year.

4. He _________ (buy) the newspaper.

5. She _________ (walk) to school.

6. Your friend __________ (be) here since 6 o’clock.

7. Susan and I __________ (play) computer games.

8. They __________ (live) in France for two years.

9. My friends __________ (go) to Italy.

10. My friend and I ___________ (read) the same book.

II. Write sentences with the negative form of the present perfect.

1. The picture / not / fall down /

2. I / be / here / never /

3. He / not / clean / his shoes /

4. I /go to Paris / never /

5. They / not / go to London /

6. Liz / not / finish / her homework /

7. Robert / steal /money / never /

8. Susan / not / find / her purse /

9. She / not / see / me for a long time/

10. We / cheat / on exams / never /

III. Write the question form of the present perfect.

1. Charly / go / to Brazil / ever /?

2. Jack and Jill / decide / to get married /?

3. She / close / the door /?

4. She / pass the exam /?

5. You / eat / rabbit / ever /?

6. He / read / the newspaper today /?

7. Where / you / be /?

8. She / dance / tango / ever /?

9. They / use / a credit card before /?

10. You / sing / opera / ever/?

ALREADY (ya) Se utiliza “already” con el present perfect y sirve para enfatizar que algo fue completado. Este adverbio usualmente va colocado entre el auxiliar have o has y el verbo en pasado participio. Examples:

She has already finished her homework. Pablo has already bought a car. I have already eaten some sandwiches. We have already heard the news.

YET (aún)

Se utiliza “yet” con el present perfect y sirve para expresar que algo aún no está terminado. En negaciones este adverbio va colocado al final de la oración. Examples:

You have not gone to Brazil yet. Anna hasn’t finished her homework yet. We haven’t bought a new car yet. He has not sold his house yet.

ACTIVITY Rewrite the sentences using already or yet.

1. I have done my homework. ___________________________________________

2. She hasn’t written the essay. ___________________________________________

3. They haven’t eaten Indian food. ___________________________________________

4. Tom and Jerry have seen that movie. ___________________________________________

5. He has washed the car. ___________________________________________

6. She hasn’t spoken with her mom. ___________________________________________

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS Describir eventos pasados que continúan en el presente La estructura de el present perfect continuous es la siguiente: Affirmative

I You We + have They verb in + been + gerund + complement He She + has It Examples:

I have been working since 8:00 am. She has been traveling since last May. We have been paying attention since the class started. Pablo has been playing video games for 5 hours.

Negative

I You We + have not They (haven’t) verb in + been + gerund + complement He She + has not It (hasn’t) Examples:

I haven’t been working since 8:00 am. She hasn’t been traveling since last May. We have not been paying attention since the class started. Pablo has not been playing video games for 5 hours.

Question

I You

Have We + They verb in

+ been + gerund + complement ? He

Has She + It

Examples:

Have you been working since 8:00 am? Has she been traveling since last May? Have we been paying attention since the class started? Has Pablo been playing video games for 5 hours?

ACTIVITY

Complete the sentences using the present perfect continuous structures

1. He (work) _______________________________ in this company since 1985.

2. I (wait) _______________________________ for you since two o'clock.

3. Mary (live) _______________________________ in Germany since 1992.

4. Why is he so tired? He (play) _______________________________ tennis for five hours.

5. How long (learn / you) _______________________________ English?

6. We (look for) _______________________________ the motorway for more than an hour.

7. I (live) _______________________________ without electricity for two weeks.

8. The film (run / not) _______________________________ for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break

already.

9. How long (work / she) _______________________________ in the garden?

10. She (not / work) _______________________________ in the garden.

FOR (durante) Se utiliza “for” con el present perfect o present perfect continuous y sirve para expresar duración o un periodo de tiempo que has hecho una actividad. Examples:

I have read this book for 3 moths. She has waited for the bus for 10 minutes. We have studied at Bachilleres for three years Anna has lived in this neighborhood for a long time. Pablo has been playing video games for 5 hours.

SINCE (desde)

Se utiliza “since” con el present perfect o present perfect continuous y sirve para indicar el momento exacto que se empezó a realizar una actividad que al momento continua. Examples:

Anna has worked in this project since 2010 I have lived in Mexico city since last April. We have studied at Bachilleres since 2014 Anna has lived in this neighborhood since she was a child. I have been working since 8:00 am.

ACTIVITY Complete the sentences using for or since

1. I have been living in New York ______ 1 year

2. I haven’t gone to school _________ last week.

3. I haven't seen you _______ a week

4. I have been living in Valencia ________ last June.

5. I have read that magazine _________ three years.

6. She has been learning English ________ two months

7. She has been married ________ ten years

8. They have studied high school __________ 2015.

9. I have been waiting ________ 12:30.

10. Tom has lived in this house ________ he was a ki