ABSTRAC’J‘S : GENERAL A S D INORGASIC CIIEBfISTRY. 156

ABSTRACTS.

GENERAL AND INORGANIC CHENISTRY. 0 1 1 Faraday’s Law. 31. HER~HELOT.

Equal electric currentb, passing through electrolysable salts, separate in equal times weights of the several metals pro- portional to their equivdents. Thus the same current preci- pitates a t the negative pole 107-9 grammes of silver ; 103.5 of “lead ; 39.1 of potassium ; 68.5 grammes of barium. TO make them proportional to atomic weights, there should be for 107.9 grammes of siiyer, ‘107 of lead, i . e., double the weight actually thrown down. Also for 39.1 grammes of potassium, there should he 137 gr. of barium, which is not the case. In the same manner for electro-negative elements, the weights separated are 3.5.5 of chlorine, 8 of oxygen, and not 16 of oxygen.

The idea of plurivalence is older than the new atomic notation. This idea is the same for chemists who use equivalent weights, as for those who prefer atomic weights, and has nothing to do with the fact that Paradsy’s law is expressed more simply by equivalents than by atomic weights, in the case of electro-positive, as well a8 in the case of electro-negative elementj. ( Compte8 Rend. XCVIII. 264.)

Note on Faraday’s Law. A. WURTZ. In the interpretation of Faraday’s law, atomic weights do not

enter; the question is one of valency. The weights of plurivalent metals deposited at the negative pole do not agree with the equiva- bnts. In the electrolysis of cuprous chloridc, for 35.5 of chlorine at the positive pole, 63.5 of copper are deposited on the negative pole, and this number is not, the equivalent of copper. In the electrolysis of bismnth chloride, 70 of bismuth are deposited. This number iR not the equivalent of bismuth.

M Wurtz add.;: ‘‘ Mr. Berthelot accepts this statement. If he prefers, in interpreting Faraday’s law, to use numbers established forty years ago, which, in ?he case of plurivnlent elements, do not represent equivalent quantities, bit is only R question of personal choice, and I have nothing to object.”

P. c‘.

( Comptes Rend. XCVIII. 321.) P. C.

1.57 ABSTRACTS : GENERAL AND IHORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

Liquefactions of Hg drogen. S. WROBLEWSKI. Hydrogen is compressed to 100 atmospheres, in a vertical tube

of 2 millimetres, exterior diameter, and from i*c to -& mm. interior diatiieter. A screw permits release of pressure more abruptly than in JI. Cailletet's apparatus. After cooling the tube by a succes- sion of ebullitionh of oxygen, the author noticed, iii the hydrogen tube, when the gas expands, an ebullition analogous to that ob- served by 31. Cailletet in oxygen. It takes place a slioi't distance from the bottom of the tube, but i. 1e.s cliStirict, because of the feeble densit! of liquid hydrogeti.

I n discussing this paper, 54. Cailletet said that he ha(1 compressed hydrogen at 300 atmospheres. On expansion a thin fog was visible throughout the entirc tube, showing liquefaction of hydrogen. ( Cviriptes Rent?, XCVIII. 304.)

P. C'.

Heat of Formation of Fluoride, Chloride and Osy- clilorideh of Aiitiiiionj. M. Gus iz .

From the thermochemical results obtained, the author concludes that a definite compound, SbF,.s HI' form.s, which, however, he has :{s yet been unable to isolate.

The heat of formation of Sb C1 from the oxide was found to be 47'.4 cal. The oxychloride Sb 0, Cl, formed in the same manner corresponded to the highest thermal effect. Atttlmpts to prepare a pure hydrate, Sb O,, 3 HO, were unsiiccessful. (Bid SOC. Chim. x u , 370.) Mi, w.

Ilii*8iaii Chemical Societj. Correspondence of 0. DAVI-

JI. Z%h{jeosky has investigated the volatilization of .salts by evap- oration of their aqueous solutions with regard to some alkaline carbonates. The coiiclusions are, Ist, That the amount of salts removed with the aqueous vapor are sometimes quite considerable. 2d, That the volati1iz;Ltion of" the qalt increases with the concen- tration of the solution up to n maximum, after n-hich it climin- ishec. 3d, Tlie Yolatilization increases with the increase in molecular weight of the salt. Thus it i. so small for lithum saltb that it could not be determined, and is qreater f w sodium potassium and rubidium salts.

DOFF.

I t is i i i l for the dry salt (at 100').

ABSTRACTS : GENERAL AND INOKGANIC CHEMISTBY. 158

M. Prokoflef notes analogy between B and C, H, thus B, 0, a n d acetic anhydride (C, Hs), 0,; Na, B, 0, and K,(C,H,), 0,, t h e salt obtained by combination of acetic anhydride with postas- sium acetate; B N and acetonitrile, C,H,N. Thus far the author has not been able to prepare R N.

gorod. 111. h b n v i n e gives the analysis of a phosphorite of Nijni Nov-

Dried at 110' the results were as follows : Hygroscopic moisture- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 2.13 Organic substance- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.61 Silica soluble in soda solution _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ .___ _ _ _ . 5.84 Residue insoluble in H C1 and in - soda,

(principally s i 0,) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ . - _ _ _ _ 8.99 P,o, - - - - - __. _ _ _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - _ _ - _ _ _ - -.25.46

CaO - - - - - - -. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 35.49 MgO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.81 MnO - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.16 Fe,O, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.42 A1,0, . - _ _ - - - - - - _ _ - - - _ _ . -. - - _ _ - - - - - 4.99 Na,O - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0.72 K 0 _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ . _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 0.59 C a F , - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.16

98.39

co, _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ - - _ _ - - _ - - - _ - - - _ _ - - - - - - - - - - - - - 4.13

so ,.---------------..---...-.-------.--.---- 0.09

2

-

(But?. soc. chim., XLI., 390.) On Haydenite. H. N. MORSE and 71r. S. BAYLEY.

Haydenite from the gniess quarries near Baltimore, was found to contain 1.46-1.46$ of BaO, n constituent not previously reported in t h k mineral. A complete analysis is given. Haydenite is consid- ered by the authors to be identical in composition, crystalization and physical properties with chabazite. (Am. Chem. JOUT., 6, 24.)

E. W.

A. A. B.

The Physiological Effect of Boracic Acid. J. FORBTEE. An abstract from the Berichte (1883, p. 1'754.) Taken with the

food in small doses 0.6 - 3.5 ,arms. per day B,O, increases the proportion of solid excrement8 a i d increases also the proportion

159 ABSTRACTS : O E S E R A L AND INORGANIC CHEMISTRY.

of N anddry substance in these. The effect is to carry off albumin- oils matters by making them insoluble, possibly also tilo uwo* of the intestines is greater, a greater quantity of epithelium, etc., being therefore carried off. Separation of gall is notably increased The use of boracic acid is clspecially t o be avoided in connectioti with milk and egg foods, and especially in the case of children or sucking infants. ( ~ h z y . Pol. ?I. 251, 170.) A. A. B.

O n the Physiology of the Carbohydrates in the .Animal System. F. W. YAVY.

By a series of experiments it is fourid that the fermeiit which effects the transformation of glucoHe into a body of lower copper- reducing power resides principally i n the paunch, reticulum and third stomach (many plies) of the s h e q , the fourth, or true stom- ach, yielding little of this ferment, and thc intestines none n t all. The results were obtained by artificial digestion of the carbo- hydrate in question with portions of the stomach, etc., of rewntly killed animals. Thv niininium copper-rctlucing power in a product of digestion of glricosc was one in which this power IvaN to that of glucose as 40 t o 100. 111 contradiction of the state- ment of Bernard, digestion of cane sugar is found to take place, al- though in lesser degree, in the s t o t / z ~ ~ c / ~ aiicl is not ronfiried t o the small intestine. In the ruminants this function resides almost es - clusivcly in those parts of the digestive apparatuj anterior to the true stomach. Wi th large quantities of the ferrneiit, cane sugar is wholly inverted, but with ~ c d i i c ~ d quantity or tinic of exposure maltose, dextrine or uncihanged cane srigar are found. Cane sugar was distinguished from mdtose i n the products by its ready inver- sion on boiling with weak (2$) solution of cit,ric acid. Maltose requires sulphnric acid for inversion. Cane sugar taketi into the stomach is not found as such ill the portal blood nor as glucose, but as a product of lower reducing power approximating that of maltose. (C'hein. LVewq. SLTS. 154, P t seq.) A. A . 13.