abstraction and act-r. outline motivations for the theory –architecture –abstraction production...
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Abstraction and ACT-R
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Outline
Motivations for the Theory– Architecture– Abstraction
Production Rules
ACT-R Architecture of Cognition
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Architecture
• There is a distinction between brain architecture and cognitive architecture.
• This is a difference between the physical description of the system, and the functional properties that it enables.
• Some examples…
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• The common feature to each is in the method of abstraction.– Moving from a more complex, lower level
system of interaction, to a higher level language in which those lower level features are typed.
Some Characteristic features of Abstraction.
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Constraints on the Abstraction• Typing
– Lower level features are given higher level types
• Simplification– The higher level abstraction is obligated to
simplify conceptual complexity
• Morphism– There must be a mapping. – ‘Many to one’
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Production Systems
Comprise a language with sentences of the formIf <<condition>> then <<event/action>>
Developed by Emil Post (1943), also known as ‘Post Production Rules’
Turing Complete
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Solve a Linear Equation
• If the expression has X = N, where N is a number, THEN halt and check by substituting N in the original equation
• If there is a term in X on the right-hand side, THEN subtract it from both sides, and collect the terms.
• IF there is a numerical term on the left hand side, THEN subtract it from both sides, and collect the terms
• IF the equation has the form NX = M, N = 1, THEN divide both sides by N
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• If the expression has X = N, where N is a number, THEN halt and check by substituting N in the original equation
• If there is a term in X on the right-hand side, THEN subtract it from both sides, and collect the terms.
• IF there is a numerical term on the left hand side, THEN subtract it from both sides, and collect the terms
• IF the equation has the form NX = M, N = 1, THEN divide both sides by N
• X = 2X + 5
• X – 2X = 2X – 2X + 5
• -X = 5
• X = -5
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ACT-R(Adaptive Control of Thought-Rational)
• Modules
• Buffers
• Productions
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Modules - Fodor (Modularity of Mind)
• Features– Functional
separation
Domain specific• Interaction between
modules
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Buffers
• Active Content• Interface• Interaction between
modules– Provides the link
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Productions
• If <<condition>> then <<result>>
• State Change– Contents of Buffer
– Contents of Modules
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Learning
• Adaptive control – Update
• Goal structures
• Declarative memory contents
• Productions
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Structure of Declarative Module
‘Chunks’ – A collection of related information.
Action023:isa chaseagent dogobject cat
Fact3+4:isa addition-factaddend1 threeaddend2 foursum seven
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Summary
• Cognitive Science and Act-R benefit by engaging in abstraction
• By matches conditions set by contents in the buffer, and specifying to changes in that content. Act-R models cognition.