SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEBANGSAAN AGAMA PEREMPUAN (P) ALMASHOOR

TITLE OF PROJECT:

NATURAL MULTI-POLIISHER

STUDENTS’ NAME:

1. SYAFINAZ BINTI ISAHAK 9905140755162. NOR SYAFIKAH BINTI ABU MASOR 990813075620 3. SITI JAMILAH BINTI MOHD YATIM 990928075778

ADVISOR’S NAME:

PUAN NURUL HIDAYAH BINTI AB RAZAK

ABSTRACT

Majority products in this century uses chemical substances which causes long term effects.

The world now is demanding an alternative way in producing natural products. In order to

achieve it, we have undergo an experiment regarding this.

The basis of this project is to create a polisher from eco-friendly substances. The

goal is to search for a relatively cheaper source for the production of polisher and to discover

easier techniques for the production. So the common people can also produce it by

themselves. For this purpose we are taking fruit waste (banana and lemon peel), vinegar

and olive oil as substrate for the production of natural polisher by mixing them with soda

bicarbonate.

It has various advantages over chemical polisher as it can be prepared by anyone in

their home. It is much cleaner and safer because it does not contain toxic, hence not harmful

to human yet to health.

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INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background project

Although the use of chemical polisher is seen as a normal matter, but without us

knowing, the substances that contain in the polisher can give problems whether to the

user himself or the environment. So, we had conducted an experiment to develop a

product that is overall environmentally friendly substances that was name. The

environmentally –friendly substances used include extracted banana peels and tangerine

peels. Both substances can help because they have a lot of differences in cost,

commercial value and many more. This product has its own commercial value because

of the demand of environmentally-friendly products from the users.

1.2 Problem statement

Nowadays, most products are made up of chemical substances. Generally, chemical

substances will harm and give long-term effect to human. Traditional polisher contains

ethanol, naphtha, kerosene and paraffin. These substances have many disadvantages

towards living things.

Chemicals in traditional polisher cause skin irritants. These chemicals are corrosive

nature. These can corrode our skin if we had direct contact with these chemicals. This

product can be toxic. If it is misused, it can stain our skin. Plus, this product is usually

flammable because of the toxic in it. It is not suitable to be used with children around.

Our natural polisher is basically from eco-friendly materials, plant-based materials

and agricultural raw materials such as banana peel and tangerine peel. It is safe for

human. Therefore, this will be one of alternative that can help scientific community to

invent natural products. Polishers are already in the marker, but mostly less effective or

highly cost. Thus, we come up with a project, natural polisher in which we focus on

producing effective polisher and at the same time required low cost and easy technique.

1.3 Significant research

Natural polisher from us, also known as made up of fruit waste, has various advantages and

benefits towards living things and environment.

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First, it is safe for the user. Harsh chemicals in traditional cleaning products may be

harmful to the skin and eyes. They may cause chemical burns, irritation, and itching of the

skin, along with redness in the eyes. Natural cleaning products offer the perfect and safest

finishing touch to your cleaning tasks. For instance, when you are polishing your furniture

with commercial cleaners, the toxic chemicals in them are potential damages, which may

cause the wood to stain and peel off the paint after prolonged use.

Next, it is cost-effective. Green cleaning products are actually less expensive, and

therefore, can easily fit in your budget. For instance, vinegar and lemon are items that are

easily available for household chores like dish washing, bathroom cleaning and etc.

Natural polisher is much safer for the environment. Commercial cleaning products

are harmful for the environment in two ways—firstly, the toxic chemicals released in the air

through evaporation cause air pollution, and secondly, the toxic chemicals released in water

end up contaminating the natural water resources. Certain products are also recyclable,

which helps minimize the amount of waste released in the environment.

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2.0 Methodology/ Research Project

2.1 MATERIALS

BANANA PEEL ORANGE PEEL

ETHANOIC ACID PEPPERMINT

SODIUM BICARBONATE OLIVE OIL

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2.2 APPARATUS

LABORATORY BLENDER SPATULA

CONICAL FLASK

FILTER FUNNEL DROPPER

BEAKER 250cm3 FILTER PAPER

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2.3 Procedure

1. The contents of orange and banana peels are discarded.

2. The orange and banana peels are cut into small pieces and are blended until it becomes

pulverized.

3. The banana and oranges peels are weighed by using electronic balance.

4. The pulverized peels are filtered respectively by using filter paper.

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5. 50 ml of ethanoic acid, 1 spatula of sodium bicarbonate, and 4 drops of olive oil are added into a 200 ml beaker.

6. 100 ml orange peel extract are then added into the solution. The solution is stirred.

7. Steps 3 and 4 are repeated by using extracted banana peels and 50 ml of extracted orange

and banana peels.

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8. Some peppermint are blended with 1/9 of water to get the juice. The juice will then added and stirred with orange peels',banana peels' and mixture of orange and banana peels' solution to cut down the pungent smell of ethanoic acid.

9. The reactions of the solution as a polisher are observed and recorded.

2.4 Data

Content of solution

Mass (g)

Orange peel Banana peel Orange and banana peel

Experiment 1 155.65 g 158.54 g 157.09 g

Experiment 2 154.65 g 157.54 g 156.09 g

Experiment 3 155.59 g 158.49 g 157.06 g

Experiment 4 154.95 g 157.95 g 156.97 g

Experiment 5 155.57 g 158.85 g 157.99 g

Experiment 6 155.42 g 158.54 g 156.48 g

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2.5 Result

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3.1 Implication

The polisher from the banana and tangerine peels have various kinds of advantages

especially to the nature. The main advantage is this polisher can reduce the amount of

waste in our country. Other than that, this polisher can save budget since the living cost is

increasing.

3.2 Uses

Why banana peel?

People usually throw out banana peels everywhere. To decrease the removal of banana

peels, it is better to reuse by making it as an essential substance in the making of this

polisher. This is because banana peels are easily found in Malaysia yet we do plant banana

trees every year. Besides, ‘pisang goreng’ has been a popular food in Malaysia. Hawkers

Selling ‘pisang goreng’ do not use the peels. Thus, we can get banana peels for free without

wasting money. Moreover, banana peels are covered with potassium that is essential in

polishing things.

Why tangerine peels?

Tangerine is a fruit that can be easily found during Chinese New Year. So, during that time

there are many tangerine peels are thrown out everywhere. To reduce the amount of

tangerine peels thrown out, we can use it as a polisher and as a fragrant.

Sodium bicarbonate

Sodium bicarbonate or sodium hydrogen carbonate is the chemical compound with the

formula NaHCO3. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as

a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda. Sodium

bicarbonate in combination with other ingredients can be used to make a substance dry

faster. So, the rate of evaporation of water in banana peels is faster. Sodium bicarbonate is

suitable for the thermal decomposition. Above 500C, sodium bicarbonate gradually

decomposes into sodium carbonate, water, and carbon dioxide. The conversion is fast at

2000C.

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Why vinegar ?

Vinegar is a liquid consisting mainly of acetic acid (CH3COOH) and water. The acetic acid is

produced by the fermentation of ethanol by acetic acid bacteria. Vinegar is now mainly used

as a cooking ingredient. Historically, as the most easily available mild acid, it had a great

variety of industrial, medical, and domestic uses, some of which (such as its use as a

general household cleanser) are still promoted today. Vinegar acts as polisher because it

has corrosive nature. Vinegar can be used for polishing brass or bronze. Vinegar is widely

known as an effective cleaner of stainless steel and glass.

Why olive oil ?

Olive oil is a fat obtained from the olive (the fruit of Olea europaea; family Oleaceae), a

traditional tree crop of the Mediterranean Basin. The oil is produced by pressing whole olives

and is commonly used in cooking, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and soaps, and as a fuel for

traditional oil lamps. It also can be used for polishing a shoe.

4.0 Discussion

4.1 Advantages of polisher

4.11 Safe for the User

Harsh chemicals in traditional cleaning products may be harmful to the skin and eyes. They

may cause chemical burns, irritation, and itching of the skin, along with redness in the eyes.

A majority of cleaning products contain high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs),

which may cause headaches and breathing problems in people, making them susceptible to

several health problems. Green or environment-friendly cleaning products do not contain

strong acids, which prevents skin irritation, itching in the eyes, and other health problems.

Natural cleaning products offer the perfect and safest finishing touch to your cleaning

tasks. For instance, when you are polishing your furniture with commercial cleaners, the

toxic chemicals in them are potential damages, which may cause the wood to stain and peel

off the paint after prolonged use. Also, these chemicals leave a strong and unpleasant odour

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resulting in unhealthy breathing air. On the contrary, if you use eco-friendly polish, made

from natural products like olive and orange oils, it will not only offer a clean and glossy effect

to the piece of furniture, but also fill the room with a pleasant orange fragrance.

4.12 Cost-effective

You may think since eco-friendly cleaning products are different from commercial

products they might be expensive, but that's not the case. Green cleaning products are

actually less expensive, and therefore, can easily fit in your budget. Moreover, there are

certain household items that can be the best tools for cleaning purposes, and at the same

time be light on your pocket. For instance, vinegar and lemon are items that are easily

available for household chores like dish washing, bathroom cleaning, etc. Unlike traditional

commercial products, which leave a strong bleach odor in the bathroom, these products

leave a mild and pleasant fragrance in the bathroom, as well as on the utensils. Also, the

utensils do not contain the residue of the dish washing soap, which prevents the germs from

getting into the stomach.

4.13 Safe for the Environment

Commercial cleaning products are harmful for the environment in two ways—firstly, the toxic

chemicals released in the air through evaporation cause air pollution, and secondly, the toxic

chemicals released in water end up contaminating the natural waste.

Shifting to green cleaning methods is a great way to prevent water and air pollution,

which ultimately minimizes the depletion of the ozone layer and controls the global climate

change. Aquatic life is saved, because green cleaning products do not contain toxic

chemicals that drain to natural water resources. Certain products are also recyclable, which

helps minimize the amount of waste released in the environment.

4.2 Disadvantages of polisher

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Cleaning chemicals can cause damage by direct contact with skin, eyes, or other sensitive

tissue, or through inhalation of vapours.  This section lists a number of specific risks involved

in using various types of cleaning product.

Skin and Eye Irritants:  Many cleaning chemicals are either mildly or strongly irritating

to the skin and/or eyes.  Check the pH level (on the MSDS), check the “Health

Hazard” and “Special Protection” sections of the MSDS, product label or other

technical product information. Check for products that:

Are corrosive to the eyes, skin or mucous membranes

Can cause serious eye or mucous membrane damage

Can burn the skin

Choose products that are the least irritating — those listed as "mild irritants" on

the MSDS in preference to those listed as "severe irritants".

Toxic Chemicals:  Check the “Ingredients” section of the MSDS to determine whether

a cleaning product contains toxic chemicals that can impact human health of

workers, patients and visitors.

If any of the listed ingredients are identified as carcinogens, it would be advisable to

look for alternative products

Look for any ingredient subject to SARA (or Toxic Release Inventory-TRI) reporting

Look at attached links to determine toxicity of ingredients

Some cleaning chemicals present particular problems.  Examples include:

Quaternary ammonium compounds.  Long-term exposure to disinfectants containing

quaternary ammonium compounds may lead to occupational asthma and

hypersensitivity syndrome.

Floor strippers and Polishing Compounds.  Chemicals in these products include

diethylene glycol ethyl ether, aliphatic petroleum distillates and nonyl-phenol

ethoxylate, ethanolamine (a known sensitizer), butoxyethanol, and sodium

hydroxide.  Exposure to these chemicals may cause headaches, eye irritation,

dizziness, nausea, difficulty concentrating, fatigue, wheezing, coughing, asthma

attacks, respiratory infections, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, and nose, throat and

skin irritation.

VOC Content: Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are a significant source of indoor

air pollution and photochemical smog . The VOC level should be listed on the MSDS,

or the manufacturer should be able to supply a technical data sheet that includes the

concentration of VOCs in a product's formulation.  Choose the product with the

lowest VOC level.

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5.0 Conclusion

The eco-friendly polisher from banana and tangerine peels also known as natural

multipolisher will help the community to reduce the environmental problems and at the same

time our Earth will become cleaner and greener. Thus, the eco-friendly polisher is highly

recommended because of the multi-purpose functions and hence helps in saving our budget.

6.0 References

Research on 12th February 2015

http://www.prn.usm.my/bulletin_articles_kosmik.php?Id=468

Research on 12th February 2015

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoe_polish

Research on 15th February 2015

http://www.buzzle.com/articles/benefits-of-using-eco-friendly-cleaning-products.html

Research on 15th February 2015

http://www.hercenter.org/hazmat/cleaningchems.cfm

Research on 15th February 2015

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinegar

Research on 20th March 2015

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive_oil

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