abstract - assiut universityend_p).pdf · 2009-10-14 · difference in lead content between the two...

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004 (Bone Marrow) NO : 139 TITLE : Predictive Value of some Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Chemotherapy-Induced Myelo-suppression in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Cancer Breast. AUTHORS : Nshwa, M. Abdel Raoof ADDRESS : Internal Med. Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University. SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002 ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to use some of the clinical and laboratory parameters in prediction of chemotherapy- induced myelosuppression in non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cancer breast. This study concluded that, elevated levels of TNF-a and its soluble receptors R 1 and R2 poor performance status of the patients as well as decreased hemoglobin level and platted count at the time of diagnosis can predict the occurrence of febrile neutropenia in newly diagnosed patients with NHL after the first course of treatment . (Broiler Meat) NO : 140 TITLE : Oxytetracycline Residues in Broiler Meat. AUTHORS : M, H. Krmy. ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Including Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University. SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2001 ABSTRACT Oxytetracycline residues in broiler meat in different withdrawal days were determined. Also, the effect of freezing and different methods of cooking on such residues in meat were evaluated. A survey study was done to detect the residue in the market broiler meat and if this residue level within the recommended permissible limit or not. The mean recovery rate for oxyetracycline in different broiler tissues was 86.82% A significant reduction in the level of OTC residue occurred every day throughout the withdrawal days. The minimum level was about 10 ppm at day 17. Freezing at –20°C for 1 month had no effects on OTC residual levels. Where as, boiling for 30 minutes had the highest OTC reduction in residue levels by about 96.5 and 88.4% for breast and thigh, respectively. The reduction rate in case of frying was 95.7 and 63.4% for breast and thigh, while these reductions were 88.7 and 80.3% in case of roasting. All samples collected from the markets were positive for OTC residues with mean values of 17.1 ppm for breast and 21.4 ppm for thigh, and these values exceeded the recommended MRL of 0.1 ppm in poultry meat. -123-

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Page 1: ABSTRACT - Assiut Universityend_p).pdf · 2009-10-14 · difference in lead content between the two examined groups. Haematological study of blood samples of lead-exposed cattle (group

Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Bone Marrow) NO : 139

TITLE : Predictive Value of some Clinical and Laboratory Parameters in Chemotherapy-Induced Myelo-suppression in Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma and Cancer Breast.

AUTHORS : Nshwa, M. Abdel Raoof

ADDRESS : Internal Med. Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002

ABSTRACT

The aim of this study was to use some of the clinical and laboratory parameters in prediction of chemotherapy- induced myelosuppression in non- Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cancer breast. This study concluded that, elevated levels of TNF-a and its soluble receptors R 1 and R2 poor performance status of the patients as well as decreased hemoglobin level and platted count at the time of diagnosis can predict the occurrence of febrile neutropenia in newly diagnosed patients with NHL after the first course of treatment .

(Broiler Meat)

NO : 140

TITLE : Oxytetracycline Residues in Broiler Meat.

AUTHORS : M, H. Krmy.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Including Milk Hygiene & Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2001

ABSTRACT

Oxytetracycline residues in broiler meat in different withdrawal days were determined. Also, the effect of freezing and different methods of cooking on such residues in meat were evaluated. A survey study was done to detect the residue in the market broiler meat and if this residue level within the recommended permissible limit or not. The mean recovery rate for oxyetracycline in different broiler tissues was 86.82% A significant reduction in the level of OTC residue occurred every day throughout the withdrawal days. The minimum level was about 10 ppm at day 17. Freezing at –20°C for 1 month had no effects on OTC residual levels. Where as, boiling for 30 minutes had the highest OTC reduction in residue levels by about 96.5 and 88.4% for breast and thigh, respectively. The reduction rate in case of frying was 95.7 and 63.4% for breast and thigh, while these reductions were 88.7 and 80.3% in case of roasting. All samples collected from the markets were positive for OTC residues with mean values of 17.1 ppm for breast and 21.4 ppm for thigh, and these values exceeded the recommended MRL of 0.1 ppm in poultry meat.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Bud Burst) NO : 141

TITLE : Improvement of Bud Burst, Yield and Berry Quality of King, S Ruby Grapevines Under Warm Climates by Using Dormex and Ammonium Nitrate Spraying .

AUTHORS : Abd El-Fattah M. El-Salhy

ADDRESS : Horticulture Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 33, No. 2, 2002

ABSTRACT

The beneficial effects of spraying Dormex (2%) and ammonium nitrate (4%) single or in combination (1% & 2%) on bud burst, vegetative growth, yield and berry quality of King, s Ruby grapevines grown in Assiut Governorate, Egypt, were investigated during 2000 and 2001 seasons. Each treatment was applied once at Jan., 15 or Feb. 1 (60 and 45 days before normal bud burst, respectively). The results of this investigation could be summarized as follow: Dormex and ammonium nitrate sprayed either singly or in combination at Jan. 15 were significant increases in bud burst percentage as well as advanced the first and 50% bud burst about one to two weeks earlier comparing to unsprayed ones. Dormex singly or combined was most effective treatments. *Dormex and ammonium nitrate : -Spraying either singly or combination at Jan. 15, significant decreases the fruiting bud and fertility

coefficient percentages. There is a negative correlation between the bursted and latent bud percentages.

-Dormex and ammonium nitrate spraying at Jan. 15 improved the growth of vines, i.e., main shoot, leaf area and pruning wood weight. Ammonium nitrate was most effective in these traits.

-Berry set, yield and berry quality were improved as used Dormex alone or accompanied with ammonium nitrate spraying at Jan. 15.

It could be concluded that using Dormex 2% alone or it combined (1%) with ammonium nitrate (2%) spray at Jan. 15 is beneficial for maximizing yield and improving quality of King, s Ruby vines under warm region, i.e. Assiut Governorate.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Camels) NO : 142

TITLE : Evaluation of Urea as a Partial Protein Replacement in The Rations of Growing Camels

AUTHORS : H.A. Abdel-Raheem; A.N. Sayed and G.M. Mosaad

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal & Clinical Nutrition, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 48, No. 95, October, 2002

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to predict diet conditions under which urea can partially substitute protein in the rations of growing camels, beside investigating its effect on their feed intake, performance, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and some biochemical parameters. Four serial trials were carried out using four one-humped she-camels (295 kg average weight and 30 months age). Digestion and balance measurements were made using a 24 day preliminary period and 6 days total collection in each trial. The first feeding trial was considered as control in which animals were fed on urea (U) free ration, while in the second, third and fourth feeding trials, one-third (U 1/3), one-half (U 1/2) and (U 2/3) two-thirds of the crude protein in the ration was replaced by urea respectively. The daily rate of feed intake was 9.5, 7.7 and 7.2 kg/h/day for the U 1/3, U 1/2 and U 2/3 groups respectively. Also, weight gain of camels group fed on the ration U 1/3 was similarly as the control group and had a high relative growth rate and feed conversion, however these values were reduced in groups fed on rations containing high levels of urea substitution (U 1/2, U 2/3). The digestion coefficients of DM, OM, CP and EE were significantly (P<0.05) increased in the camels group fed on the ration U 1/3 compared to the other treated groups. The nitrogen retention as a percentage of total nitrogen absorbed was significantly (P<0.05) higher in camel groups fed ration U 1/3, while the lowest value was recorded with the group fed ration U 2/3. The total protein and urea in the blood increased significantly (P<0.05) as the level of urea increased, on the contrary serum glucose was decreased. Generally, this study indicated that urea when replaced up to 33% of the ration crude protein for camels was utilized more efficiently and had a positive effect on the feed intake, performance, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen balance in addition to economical benefit.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Cancer) NO : 143

TITLE : Chemoprevention Trials in Cancer.

AUTHORS : M. E. Abd El Wanees

ADDRESS : Therapeutic Radiology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2000

ABSTRACT

Chemoprevention is the purposeful administration of natural or synthetic substances to interrupt carcinogenic processes before they result in a clinical condition. Future prospects for success may depend upon development of a better understanding of biological mechanisms before progressing to large, long duration human population trials. Chemoprevention is the use of pharmacologic or natural agents that inhibit the development of invasive cancer either by blocking the DNA damage that initiates carcinogenesis or by arresting or reversing the progression of pre malignant cells in which such damage has already occurred. Recent advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of carcinogenesis have led to the synthesis of new drugs that can inhibit tumor development in experimental animals by selective action or specific molecular targets, such as the esterogen, androgen, and retinoid receptor or, inducible cyclooxygenase. Several of these agents (including tamoxifen, 13–cis-retinoic acid, and a cyclic retinoid) are clinically effective in preventing the development of cancer, particularly in patients who are at high risk for developing second primary tumour after surgical removal of the initial tumour.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Cattle) NO : 144

TITLE : Blood Picture, Liver and Kidney Function Tests of Cows Grazing at Possible Lead Contaminated Areas.

AUTHORS : Fatema Elzhraa, M. Abdel–Rahiem

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2002

ABSTRACT

The present study constituted sixty cattle, two months to four years old of both sexes. This study was take place between December 2000 to December 2001 and it was performed on 50 animals which are kept in area near (1-2 Kilometer) northerly to sugarcane factory found in Deshna city belonging to Qena Governorate. These animals are sub-divided into three separate groups (Group I, II & III) as shown in table 8 Clinically healthy 10 animals (group IV) which are kept away (30 Kilometers) south to the same factory, were used as control group. All animals under investigation were examined clinically in the field and in the abattoir before slaughtering. Estimation of lead levels in whole blood, feces, hair, liver tissue and kidney tissue in both lead-exposed cattle group (1) and non-lead exposed, (30 kilometer away from the sugarcane factory) clinically healthy group (IV) revealed higher lead content in whole blood samples than in fecal and hair samples, and higher lead content in kidney tissue than liver tissue. Moreover there was significant (p<0.05) difference between lead content in both examined cattle group in case of whole blood samples. While there was no significant difference in case of fecal, hair, liver tissue and kidney tissue samples. Estimation of lead content in whole blood, fecal and hair samples collected from cows (group II) their calves (group III) indicated the presence of lead in calves’s sample while not exposed to lead contamination, but borne from lead-exposed mothers. There was highly significant (p<0.01) difference in lead content between the two examined groups. Haematological study of blood samples of lead-exposed cattle (group 1) and clinically healthy one group (IV) showed normocytic, normochronic anemia in group 1, where there was high significant (p<0.01) lower total erythrocytic count, significant (p<0.05) lower PCV% and non significant deference Haemoglobin content and concentration in group 1 if compared with those in group IV. There was no significant change in total leucocytic count between the two groups. Biochemical analysis of serum proteins of lead-exposed cattle (group 1) and clinically healthy one (group IV) refers to non-significant change between the two group in total serum proteins. However group 1 showed significant (P< 0.05) lower a albumin than group IV. Estimation of liver serum enzyme levels (ALT,AST and AP) of lead exposed cattle (group 1) and clinically healthy one (group IV) showed no significant difference between the two group. Biochemical serum analysis for the levels of glucose, urea and creatinine of lead-exposed cattle (group 1) and clinically healthy one (group IV) significant (P<0.05); lower glucose level in group 1 than in group IV. There were no significant differences in the levels of urea and creatinine between the two groups. The studied are around the sugarcane factory is exposed to lead contamination through its industrial drainage. This was appeared in the higher lead content in the samples of cattle kept 1-3 kilometer than that in cattle kept away (30 kilometers) south from the factory .

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Cement) NO : 145

TITLE : Study of Chronic Liver Disease Among Assiut Cement Company Employees: Clinical, laboratory and Ultrasonographic Evaluation.

AUTHORS : Sherief, I. Kamel

ADDRESS : Dept. of Gastroenterology & Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2002

ABSTRACT

Chronic liver disease represents a major health problem in different parts of the world specially Egypt. This work designed to study the prevalence of hepatitis markers and CLD among the employees of Assiut Cement Company. Over a period of 4 years, 2450 employees were evaluated clinically, biochemically, serologically and sonographically for evidences of any hepatic insults. Seven hundred and forty nine subjects (30.6%) were positive for anti-HCV. Hepatitis B virus markers were tested. Hepatitis B surface antigen was detected in 132 subjects (5.4%), anti-HBs alone was detected in 222 subjects (9.1%), anti-HBc alone was detected in 329 subjects (13.4%) and both anti-HBs and anti-HBc were detected in 741 subjects (30.2%). Based on the adopted diagnostic criteria for the diagnosis of chronic liver disease, the employees were classified as follows: normal (as regards their hepatic status) (44.1%), suspected liver disease (30.2%), carriers (21.8%) and chronic liver disease (3.8%).

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Chickens) NO : 146

TITLE : Monitoring of Some Antimicrobial Residues in Chickens From Assiut, Egypt

AUTHORS : Diefy A. Salem

ADDRESS : Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Dept., Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University.

BULLETIN : 2nd Inter. Congress of Food Hygiene and Human Health 21–23 October, 2003

ABSTRACT

A total number of 64 chickens were collected randomly prior to their slaughtering from Assiut markets as follows: 30 during June to August 2001 and 34 during June to August 2002. Meat samples were obtained from breast muscles. Each two chicken livers were pooled to be one sample. All samples were minced and kept frozen till analysis. The obtained samples were tested firstly with microbial growth inhibition assays. Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus stearothermophilus cultures were used for detection of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, quinolone, cephalosporin, penicillin, macrolide and sulfonamide residues. Positive samples for β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides and tetracycline were subjected to Charm II test. Quantitative analysis of aminoglycoside residues was performed by using ELISA kits. Sulfonamide residues were quantitated by HPLC in all suspected positive samples. Chloramphenicol residues were screened by enzyme immunoassays (ELISA) and confirmed with Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrum (GC-MS). β-lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins), macrolides, quinolones and chloramphenicol residues could not be detected in all analyzed meat and liver samples as well as aminoglycosides in meat samples. Aminoglycosides (streptomycin and gentamycin) were detected in 43.75% of the investigated liver samples and their values were exceeded the international permitted limits (500 ppb for streptomycin and 100 ppb for gentamycin). Tetracycline residues were detected in 22 out of 64 meat samples (34.375%) and 24 out of 32 liver samples (75%). 14 meat samples (21.875%) and 10 liver samples (31.25%) contained 100 ppb tetracyclines or more, which exceeded the international permissible limit for total tetracycline residues. Total sulfonamide residues were represented with sulfadimidine and sulfaquinoxaline residues, which were detected in samples obtained in 2002 only. Eight meat samples (12.5%) and 16 liver samples (50%) were found to contain sulfonamide residues. Total sulfonamides exceeded the international permissible limit for total sulfonamides (100 ppb) in 2 out of 64 meat samples (3.13%) and 4 out of liver 32 samples (12.5%). The obtained results indicated that producers did not follow the recommended withdrawal time or recommended doses of these violative antibacterial residues. Health hazards of the investigated drugs were discussed.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Childhood) NO : 147

TITLE : Childhood Poisoning in Assiut University Hospital.

AUTHORS : Amal Ali Mohamed Ali ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2000

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted in the Pediatric Department of Assiut University Hospital. The study included two parts. The first part (the prospective study) was conducted on all the cases of poisoning admitted to the Pediatric Emergency Unit of Assiut University Hospital during the period from August 1998 to January 1999, their total number was 203 cases. The second part (the retrospective study) was done on the medical reports of all poisoning cases delivered by the Pediatric Department of Assiut University Hospital during the period from August 1997 to July 1998, their total number was 622. Of the total cases there were 556 cases (67.4%) due to animal poisoning 107 cases (12.9%) to food poisoning, 53 cases (6.4%) to petroleum distillate, 37 cases (4.5%) to insecticidal poisoning, 30 cases (3.6%) to corrosives, 41 cases (4.9%) to drug poisoning and only one case caused by plant poison.

(Chorella Fusca)

NO : 148

TITLE : Effects of Direct and Successive Long Term Exposure of Chorella Fusca to Various Salts of Different Osmotic Stresses on Proteins Contents and Fatty Acid Composition.

AUTHORS : A. A. Shafea

ADDRESS : Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University

BULLETIN : Bull. Fac. Sci., Assiut Univ. 31 (2-D), PP. 271-279 (2002).

ABSTRACT

In chlorella fusca, it was found that direct exposure to four salts NaNO3, KNO3, Na2SO4, K2SO4 made pronounced lower values in albumins, globulins protamines, glutelins, other insoluble proteins and in total proteins contents. In successive exposure of 4 salts, these proteins fractions were begin to synthesize elevatedly at 3 levels of salinity and decreased there after. Fatty acid compositions were of marked decrease upon direct exposure and of martinally increase in case of successive exposure. The same trends were observed in case of total fatty acids. Cell suspension culture has been advocated as a convenient method for identifying cellular traits contributing to plant salt tolerance. Cells and tissue cultures are also relevant to improvement strategies because they offers a means of rapid selection on a mass scale.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Concrete)

NO : 149

TITLE : Durability of Concrete Elements Exposed to Marine Environment and Affected by Salts of Non Organic Acids.

AUTHORS : Rashwan M. M.

ADDRESS : Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : J. of Eng. Sci., Assiut Univ., Vol. 32, No. 1, PP. 67-77, January 2004

ABSTRACT

Modern production of high durable concrete and reinforced concrete elements hardened in aggressive conditions represents a major problem in the constructional fields. One of the major factor affecting durability of concrete elements exposed to marine environment is its resistance to deterioration and corrosion due to salt solutions and chloride attack. The strength, deformation and micro structure formation of the hardened concrete represent the major factors affecting its resistance to deterioration and corrosion. The possibility of regulating the micro structure of the hardened concrete in marine environment may be achieved by adding salts of non organic acids in the mixing water with a suitable doses. But, the mechanism effect of these salts on its strength, deformation, micro structure formation and durability is very difficult and has many sided processes, which were not enough studied. So, this research presents some experimental studies for the performance development about the mechanism effect of the suggested soluble salts of non organic acids in the mixing water [type “Na2 SO4”, “MgSO4”, “NaCl”, “CaCl2” and “MgCl2”] on the durability parameters of the hardened concrete elements in marine environment. Durability test investigations, show that, a limited doses of the suggested soluble salts in the mixing water of concrete mixture can regulate its micro structure formation and improve its durability parameters in aggressive marine environment compared with the control specimens.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Cucumber) NO : 150

TITLE : Growth, Development and Yield of Cucumber as Affected by Irrigation Frequency and Mineral Fertilization Versus Organic Manure.

AUTHORS : Mohamed H. Dokashi and Mohamed F. Mohamed

ADDRESS : Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 7 No. 2, October 2004

ABSTRACT

The production of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) cv. ‘Beta alpha’ was investigated under the conditions of amended irrigation frequency and fertilization (mineral vs. organic) during the summer season of 2002 and 2003 in Assiut. The irrigation was at 5, 8 or 11day intervals that, on average, corresponded to 15%, 27% and 35% depletion of the soil water content relative to the field capacity, respectively. The application of NPK mineral fertilizers were at the recommended rates [200 kg ammonium nitrate (33.5% N), 300 kg superphosphate (15.5% P2O5) and 100 kg potassium sulfate (50% K2O) per feddan (4200 m2)]. The different manure sources were applied to provide available N quantity equal to or lower than the applied mineral N. The assessments of the immature fruit yield and its main components (number of branches, sex ratio, the fruit-set and weight), consistently, showed a significantly sharp decline with prolonged irrigation intervals than 5 days in the present study. The utilization of 3 tons/feddan chicken manure was comparable to the application of the mineral fertilization concerning the growth and developmental traits that constitute main yield components under 5-day irrigation intervals. The chicken manure gave the least deviation in the fruit characteristics including fruit length, diameter, shape and weight comparing with the mineral fertilization. The total yield was not affected or only marginally reduced by replacing the mineral fertilizers with chicken manure. It is concluded that 3 tons/feddan chicken manuring may be efficiently utilized as far as the organic production of cucumber is concerned providing that an adequate soil moisture is maintained during the plant growth and development.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Digoxin) NO : 151

TITLE : The Role of Hair Analysis in Assessment of Digoxin Intoxication in Rats.

AUTHORS : Gadah A. F. Omran ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Fac. of Med., Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2001

ABSTRACT

It is well-established that the taken drugs are incorporated into hair. This work aimed to investigate the presence of digoxin in the hair of treated rats and if so, obtaining a relationship between digoxin dose and its hair concentration, in addition to, the effect of some concomitant used drugs on its level. Sixty albino rats were divided into 5 groups. At the end of 3 months - period, hair of rats was collected, decontaminated, and extracted for digoxin with methanol and then, analyzed by using (FPIA) technique and Abbott Tdx digoxin 11 assay kit. The results revealed highly significant correlation between the given dose of digoxin and its hair concentration. Whereas, the digoxin levels in hair were higher when spironolactone was combined with therapeutic doses of digoxin. Meanwhile, the digoxin levels were approximately three times higher when methyl dopa was added. The control groups were negative for digoxin. So, hair can be used as a retrospective indicator for digoxin use. Moreover, spironolactone and methyl dopa could cause elevated digoxin level in the hair samples, true elevation in the first and false in the later .

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Drug) NO : 152

TITLE : Urinary Screening for Drug Abuse Among Secondary School Students in Assiut City.

AUTHORS : Wafaa M. Abdel Moneim, Afaf M. A. Farghaly and Nagwa M. A. Ghandour

ADDRESS : Forensic Medicine & Toxicology Department, Faculty of Medicine Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Med. J. Vol. 26, No. 4, October, 2002

ABSTRACT

Drug abuse among secondary school students is a major public concern all over the world. Many countries estimated the prevalence of drug abuse among this group of students. This work is a trial to study this prevalence in Assiut City. The studied students in this work were one thousand students (750 males, 250 females). Their ages ranged between 16 and 20 years old. They were randomly chosen from 9 schools. The study was carried out during out during the period from January to April 2001. Urine screening had been done for detection of drug abuse. Colour tests were used as preliminary tests and positive cases had been confirmed by thin layer chromatography. In this study analysis had been done nine drugs. These drugs are valbam, tramadol, tussilar. codaphen. parkinol, rivotril, tranxene, mellaril and cannabis. The total number of positive cases detected by colour tests (Marquis, Liebermann and Mandelin) and Beam was 31 and 19 cases respectively. Regarding the distribution of different drugs among positive cases (49 cases) detected by thin layer chromatography: cannabis was the commonest drug of abuse (38.8%) followed by codaphen (32.7%). parknial (20.4%) and tussilar (4.1%), while tramadol and valbam abuse was only encountered among (2%). In conclusion The prevalence of drug abuse among students of some secondary schools in Assiut City was 5.2%, (4.68% and 0.52% in males and females respectively).

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Eggs) NO : 153

TITLE : Determination of Lead, Cadmium, Mercury and Copper Concentrations in Hen’s Eggs at Assiut Governorate.

AUTHORS : Sharkawy, A. A. and Eman, Kh. Ahmed*

ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Med. And Toxicology, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University and *Animal Health Institute, Assiut.

BULLETIN : 2nd Inter. Congress of Food Hygiene and Human Health 21–23 October, 2003

ABSTRACT

A total of 125 random egg samples were collected from four poultry farms (25 eggs/each farm), and 25 eggs from farmer’s houses in Assiut Governorate. The samples were examined for determination of lead, cadmium, mercury and copper contents. Our results revealed that: lead levels (ppm) in albumen were 0.143, 0.087, 0.042 and 0.03 in farms 1,2,3,4 while in balady eggs was 0.279. Also its level in the farms 1, 2 was significantly higher than farms 3, 4. On the other hand, Pb levels (ppm) in yolk were 0.426, 0.255, 0.170 and 0.146 in farms 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively, while reached to 0.850 in balady eggs. The results clearified that Pb content in albumen and yolk of balady eggs was significantly higher than the mean content of Pb in albumen and yolk of all four farms. Pb concentration in egg yolks was higher than its concentration in egg albumen in all examined farms and balady eggs. In the whole egg, Pb concentration (ppm) was 0.144 as a mean for the four farms eggs and 0.507 for balady eggs. Cadmium concentration (ppm) in the albumen of the four farms were 0.36, 0.301, 0.177 and 0.094, while in balady eggs was 0.712. On the other hand, Cd levels (ppm) in yolk were 0.392, 0.277, 0.159 and 0.107 in the four farms respectively, but was 0.905 in balady eggs. For the whole egg, Cd concentration (ppm) was 0.233 in farms eggs (as a mean) and 0.789 in balady eggs. There was significant differences in Cd either in albumen or yolk among four farms and between the four farms and balady eggs. Also yolk was higher in its Cd content than albumen. Mercury concentration (ppm) in albumen was 0.09, 0.075, 0.045 and 0.060 in farm 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively, and 0.183 in balady eggs. Mercury is highly significantly increased in farms 1 and 2. On the other side, Hg content in albumen of balady eggs is significantly increased than that in the examined farms. The average concentration (ppm) of Hg in yolk was found to be ranged from 0.016 to 0.051 in the four farms but was 0.095 to 0.105 in yolk of balady eggs. From the statistical analysis, there is a significant differences in Hg levels in albumen, yolk and whole eggs among the four farms, and between the farms and balady eggs. The whole egg contained 0.053 ppm Hg in the farm’s eggs and 0.149 ppm in balady eggs. Copper concentration (ppm) ranged from 0.842 to 1.159 and 0.879 to 0.975 in albumen of four farms and balady eggs respectively, while ranged from 1.394 to 1.862 and 1.389 to 1.510 in yolk of the four farms and balady eggs respectively. The whole egg from farms contained Cu (ppm) 1.250 and balady eggs contained 1.133 ppm Cu. In the present study, there was significant differences in copper concentrations in albumen and in yolk among the examined farms, but between the farms eggs and balady eggs there is no significant differences. The concentrations of Cu in yolks were significantly higher than in albumen in both farms and balady eggs. There is highly significant increase in Pb, Cd, and Hg in all examined samples but they were higher in balady eggs than that in farms eggs. Suggestive measures to protect human beings from excessive intake of lead, cadmium and mercury are given.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Fish) NO : 154

TITLE : Determination of the Toxic and Therapeutic Levels of some Water-Borne Chemotherapeutics Administered to Cultured Fresh Water Fishes in Egypt.

AUTHORS : Hanan, S. Ahmed.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2001

ABSTRACT

Different toxic levels of some water-borne chemotherapeutics used in treatment of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, in fish farms and hatcheries in Egypt were investigated, and 96 hour lethal concentrations were determined including the median one LC50 .The lethal concentrations ranged from 0.27 mg/L formaldehyde for LC95 to 0.12 mg/L for LC5. The median LC50 was 0.22 mg/L for Tilapia. The lethal concentrations ranged from 1.18 mg/L of Iodophors for LC95 to 0.54 mg/L for LC5 the median LC50 was 0.98 mg/L for Tilapia. Lethal concentrations ranged from 0.13 mg/L of Malachite green for LC95 to. 0.0` mg/L for LC5 with median LC50 about 0.075 mg/L. The Lethal concentrations for potassium permanganate were ranging from 9.0 mg/L for LC95 to 2.0 mg/L for LC5 with median LC50 6.8 mg/L. When we used a combination of sulfamethoxazol and trimethoprin the lethal concentrations were ranged from 3.7 mg/L for LC95 to 1.3 mg/L for LC5 with median LC50 was 2.9 mg/L. From using different concentrations of Terramycine, the lethal concentrations for it was varying from 540 mg/L for LC95 to 10 mg/L for LC5 with median LC50 about 300 mg/L. All of these different lethal concentrations determined for Nile tilapia of weight range of 7 to 12 gm and standard length range from 7 to 9 cm at water temperature of 22 ± 20C and pH of water was 7. Determination of the lowest in use dilutions for chemotherapeutic that can make great reduction in the number of bacteria present as formaldehyde, iodophors, potassium permanganate, sulfamethoxzol, trimethoprin and oxytetracycline are considered good bactericidal chemotherapeutics that can make reduction for about 99.99% of the number of bacteria in water while malachite green is not advisable to use if there are any signs of bacterial infections in the fish farms and hatcheries.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Fish) NO : 155

TITLE : Sodium and Potassium Levels in Imported Frozen Mackerel Fish and Meat Marketed in Assiut City.

AUTHORS : H. H. Essa.

ADDRESS : Animal Health Research Institute Assiut Regional Laboratory

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 49, No. 97, April, 2003.

ABSTRACT

A total of 90 samples (60 imported frozen mackerel fish and 30 frozen meat samples) were collected from different markets at Assiut City. The samples were digested and prepared for measurement the level of sodium and potassium by using the Atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The obtained results revealed that the level of sodium ranged from 10.00 to 61.40 with a mean value of 23.16 and ranged from 7.07 to 15.16 with a mean value of 10.737 µg/g dry basis in the examined imported frozen mackerel fish and frozen meat samples, respectively. However, the level of potassium ranged from 10.27 to 39.31 with a mean value of 18.49 µg/g dry basis, and ranged from 0.100 to 1.146 with a mean value 0.910 µg/g dry basis of examined imported frozen mackerel fish and frozen meat samples, respectively. Public health significance of sodium and potassium levels in the examined samples was discussed.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Fish) NO : 156

TITLE : Survey of some Environmental Pollutants in Freshwater Fishes in Assiut Governorate, Egypt.

AUTHORS : Diefy A. Salem

ADDRESS : Forensic Med. & Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut University

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 6 No. 2, October 2003

ABSTRACT

Fifty samples representing eight species of freshwater Fish (Oreochromis niloticus, Clarias lazera, Labeo niloticus, Bagrus bajad, Synodontis schall, Morymyrus niloticus, Lates niloticus and Malapterurus electricus) were collected randomly from different sources at Assiut during March to August 2001. Result revealed that DDT was still the most prominent pesticide that represented with one or more metabolites in all investigated species. Among other pesticides, HCB and endrin were the most widespread. HCH isomers were found at relatively few incidences and characterized by very low concentrations. Total chlordane isomers (α-, γ- and oxychlordane) and transnonachlor residues were detected in two fish species only. Aldrin, dieldrin, heptachlor and its epoxide could not be detected in all tested species. The most persistent DDT metabolite (p,p'-DDE) was detected in all samples and averaged 67.3% of total DDT residue values although in some species reached more than 80%. The other main metabolite (DDD) averaged 15%. The parent compounds (p,p’-DDT and o,p’-DDT) averaged 17% of the total DDT. Collectively, these findings indicated a low rat of influx and continued weathering of DDT in the environment. Nevertheless, DDT concentrations in some fish species remained high enough to constitute a hazard to fish consumers. All detected DDT values were below the recommended maximum residue levels (5000 ng/g fresh wt.) in aquatic animals used for human consumption in some countries. Nevertheless, total DDT exceeded the recommended lower residue levels in four, three and five samples of Bagrus bajad, Morymyrus niloticus and Lates niloticus, respectively. For elemental contaminants, the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd were 107.271, 251.583, 138.00, 143.917, 247.781, 172.063, 176.40, 190.188 and 12.258, 10.708, 12.542, 11.25, 16.063, 16.5, 11.75 and 16.5 µg/kg wet weight in O. niloticus, C. lazera, Labeo niloticus, B. bajad, S. schall, M. niloticus, Lates niloticus and M. electricus, respectively. Hg and As mean values reached 16.197, 57.045, 23.192, 76.33, 29.374, 78.958, 58.459, 68.91 and 13.0, 14.0, 12.833, 61.00, 14.875, 98.563, 34.25, 16.5 µg/kg wet weight in the investigated species, respectively. Cr and Cu mean levels were 191.358, 310.667, 137.667, 142.00, 231.25, 385.719, 105.20, 136.50 and 386.221, 574.833, 640.667, 808.833, 633.50, 735.75, 824.25 and 714.25 µg/kg wet weight in these tested fish species, respectively. Concerning the health hazards to fish consumers, all investigated fish species had lead with mean values above the maximum Egyptian permissible limit (0.1 mg/kg) in fresh fishes. All cadmium and Hg concentrations were lower than the maximum Egyptian recommended limit of 0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg wet weight. In Egypt no legal limits for the arsenic levels in fish products have been established. The concentrations of total arsenic in all investigated species were below the maximum permitted level (1 µg/g wet weight) by the strictest international legislation in seafood. Health hazards of these contaminants were discussed.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Fule) NO : 157

TITLE : Study of the Ethanol – Gasoline Blending Ratio on the Exhaust Emissions and the Performance of a Spark Ignition Engine.

AUTHORS : Mahmoud F. B. Mohamed

ADDRESS : Mechanical Engineering, Dept. of Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002

ABSTRACT

Theoretical and experimental investigations have shown that for the spark ignition engine, the fuel composition can have a profound influence on engine performance and the exhaust of potential air pollutants. The effect of using anhydrous ethanol blended with unleaded gasoline fuel on the engine performance and emission improvement. The present work represents a comprehensive thermodynamic simulation model for the spark ignition engine cycle to study the performance and exhaust emissions of the 4–stroke engine fueled by ethanol – gasoline blends. This simulation model is used to investigate the effect of varying the blending ratio of ethanol – gasoline fuel on the engine performance (represented by output power, volumetric efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption as well as the thermal efficiency) and engine exhaust emissions (represented by exit concentrations of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides). Kinetic Nox, CO and HC formation rate equations were used in the simulation model to calculate their exit concentrations. The model depends primarily on the first law of thermodynamics, mass conservation law, equation of state as well as empirical equations for heat transfer, mass burning rate and engine friction. The theoretical results indicate that ethanol seems to be a alternative fuel to gasoline, with respect to efficient, operational and emission considerations. Experiments have been performed in order to confirm the theoretical results presented hers. The variables studied were blending ratio, compression ratio, mixture equivalence ratio and engine speed. The experimental results confirmed the theoretical results and showed that, an increase in engine output power and thermal efficiency and an improvement in the exhaust emissions have been obtained for ethanol – gasoline mixtures fuel than for pure gasoline at comparative fuel – air equivalence ratios, compression ration and engine speeds. The simulation model showed that, increasing the blending ratio from pure gasoline to pure ethanol leads to an increase of about 12% in engine output brake power and of about 8.5% in brake thermal efficiency near stoichiometric conditions at a speed of 900 tpm. Also, a small increase in the volumetric efficiency of 2.4% is achieved at the speed .On the other hand, the specific consumption increases by about 24.0% near stoichiometric. The production of CO was reduced by about 40% while the HC by about 44.5% at an equivalence ratio of 1.1 and the production of Nox was reduced by about 16% at the same equivalence ratio and the same speed .

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Goat) NO : 158

TITLE : Re–evaluation of the Hazardous Effect of the Superphosphate Factory by–Products at Assiut Governorate on Goat Health.

AUTHORS : Manal, M. Saied

ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2000

ABSTRACT

Five water samples, five feedstuff (wheat straw) samples and twenty goats selected from areas surrounding superphosphate factory (Gaz. El- Akrad, El- Twabiya, Manqabad and Ilwan areas) as well as from Dairut area as a control region. Blood.hair, liver, kidney, lung, muscle and bone samples were taken from slaughtered goats, water, feed stuff, hair, animal organs were subjected to chemical analysis for determination of fluorine, sulphur and cadmium. Organs of goats were subjected to histopathological examination, Blood samples were subjected to hematological examination (RBCS count, WBCS count, differential leucocytic count, hemoglobin concentration and Pcv). Sulphur, cadmium, calcium, phosphorous, as well as biochemical parameter (ALT, AST, ALP, Creatinine and urea). Blood investigation revealed presence of anemic picture in goats at areas surrounding superphosphate factory. Enzymatic activity revealed an increase in serum alanine aminotransferase more than normal limit in all areas surrounding supperphosphate factory. Also urea values in serum of goats reared around superposphate factory more than normal limit. Investigation of elemental status revealed a decrease in serum calcium levels than normal limit in goats at areas surrounding superphosphate factory while serum phosphorous levels were within the normal physiological limit. Histopathological changes in the investigated organs of goats were more pronounced at El-Twabiya and Gas. El Akrad areas. Fluorine, sulphur and cadmium levels in most samples were reduced significantly over the post few years in comparison with the previous study.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Heavy Metals) NO : 159

TITLE : Evaluating Levels of Certain Heavy Metals in Some Fertilizers and Pesticides.

AUTHORS : Hala, H. Gomah, H.A. Ezzeldin* and M.M. M. Ahmed**

ADDRESS : Soil and water Dept., *Plant Protection Dept. of Fac. of Agric. Assiut University and **Soil, Water and Environm. Institute, A. R. C., Giza,

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2003

ABSTRACT Samples of 29 fertilizers (14 inorganic, 6 chelates and 9 organic forms) and 11 pesticide formulations (3 fungicides, 6 insecticides and 2 herbici-des) were collected to evaluate their contents of certain heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Ni, Pb and Cr). The results showed that the granulated, refined superphosphate fert-ilizer (inorganic) and kattamia fertilizer (organic) were the most contaminated fertilizers with Cr (93 ppm), Zinc chelate fertilizer contained the highest amount of Cd (260 ppm). The highest level of Ni (101 ppm) was found in Mn-EDTA, while Fe-EDTA contained 11 ppm Pb. Sewage sludge (Bodritte) contained 2.77, 246 and 56.67 ppm of Cd, Pb and Ni, respectively. The most contaminated pesticide was copper hydoxide which contained 48.00, 28.19 and 27.64 ppm of Ni, Pb and Cr, respectively. Moreover, Aldicarb contained the highest concentration of Cd (14.21 ppm).

(Lambs)

NO : 160

TITLE : Effect of Vitamin E and Selenium Injection on Lamb Viability, Growth Performance and Some Blood Serum Constituents in Saidi Lambs.

AUTHORS : S. F. Abbas

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 47, No. 94, July, 2002

ABSTRACT

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of antioxidant namely vitamin E and selenium (E-Se) injection on lamb mortality, growth and some blood parameters in 23 Saidi lambs at 2 weeks of age. Animals were divided into two groups, a control group (12 animals) with no E-Se injection and the other group (11 animals) was injected weekly with 20 mg vitamin E and 0.22 mg selenium per kg body weight. After suckling period, animals were fed roughage and concentrate diet ad-libitum. Blood samples were taken for determination of Hb, PCV, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, AST and ALT. Lamb Mortality was recorded. The results concluded that vitamin E and Selenium injection improved body weight and daily gain. Lamb mortality rate was lower in E-Se treated lambs than in control (9 Vs 25%). Animals injected with E-Se tended to have more serum glucose, globulin, hemoglobin and PCV% (P<0.05) than those of controls. Overall mean of A LT was decreased significantly by 28% in E-Se treated lambs compared with control lambs. In conclusion, vitamin E and selenium injection may improve both body weight and selected blood profile and decreased mortality rate of Saidi lambs.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Lambs) NO : 161

TITLE : Effect of Natural Clay Addition on Performance of Lambs Leeds on Concentrate Diets.

AUTHORS : Abbas, S. F.

ADDRESS : Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 34, No.2, 2003

ABSTRACT

The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of dietary inclusion of the natural clay on performance and some blood constituents of lambs. Ten Saidi lambs with a 15.6 kg average initial body weight were randomly assigned to two groups, control group without clay and the other group was supplemented with 3% level of natural clay in lamb’s diet. All lambs were fed high concentrate diet ad libitum for eight weeks. Results indicated that clay supplementation decreased daily gain by 37.5% (P < 0,05) and feed intake by 17.9% (P<0.01) as well as water consumption by 24.8% but increased feed to gain ratio by 59% (P< 0.05). Glucose and cholesterol concentrations were significantly reduced and urea nitrogen increased (P<0.05) by supplementation of natural clay to diets. It could be concluded that clay supplementation at a 3% level of lamb’s diet had a negative effect on growth performance of lambs.

(Leukaemia) NO : 162

TITLE : Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of “P53” in Acute Leukaemia.

AUTHORS : Heshan, A. Abdel Basset

ADDRESS : Dept. of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2001

ABSTRACT

This study was performed on seventy four patients with acute leukaemia subgrouped into 44 patient recently diagnosed and 30 patients other induction of chemotherapy. The following investigation were done: Complete blood picture, bone marrow aspiration, serum mutant P53 assay. The result of serum mutant P53 assay showed statistical significant elevation in AL, AML and ALL groups before induction of chemotherapy compared to control group.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Maize) NO : 163

TITLE : Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer and Foliar Application with Micronutrients on White and Yellow Maize.

AUTHORS : El-Nagar, G.R

ADDRESS : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 33, No.3, 2002

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were conducted at the Exp. Farm, Faculty of Agriculture , Assiut Univ., during seasons of 2000 and 2001, to study effect of nitrogen fertilizer and foliar application with micronutrients on white and yellow maize. Data indicated highly significant differences among hybrids tested, for all traits studied, except for crude protein. Comparison between the yellow versus the white hybrids, showed that the latter hybrids were higher for (L.A.I), and somewhat for plant height. Also, the white hybrids were superior over the yellow ones for ear length, ear diameters, number of grains/row, 100 kernels weight, grain yield/plant, and consequently, grain yield/fed. On the other hand, data indicated that foliar treaments with (Zn, Mn, and Fe), in combination, led to a positively highly significant increases in all traits, except for number of rows/ear. Foliar nutrition, either with high (Zn) or with low (Mn) and Fe), gave high effects in all traits studied. So, the recovering nitrogen in grain had significantly positive effects. Nitrogen fertilization levels had highly significant effect on all traits, and the maximum values of all traits, were achieved by using (150 kg N/fed.). Moreover, the linear components of response curve (NL) to nitrogen had the same trend of significant, for all traits. Although, the quadric components of the response curve (NQ), were highly significant, except for the number of rows/ear, the applying of (140.6 kg. N/fed.) Produced the maximum grain yield value. Maximum grain yield from regression equation is 36.1 ard/fed. With 140.6 kg N./fed. The first order interaction, and both interactions of (hybrids x N- rates) and (spraying micronutrients x N-rates), had significant effect on (L.A.1., plant height, 100 kernels weight, and grain yield/plant and per fed. Also, the second order interaction, declared significant differences in (L.A.I., number of kernels/row, 100 kernels weight, recovering nitrogen, and crude protein.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Meat by Products)

NO : 164

TITLE : Lead and Cadmium Levels in some Ready-to-Eat Meat Products (Shawerma and Hamburger) at Assiut City.

AUTHORS : A. A. Sharkawy and Amal A. M*.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic med. & Toxicology Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut University and *Animal Health Institute, Assiut

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. Vol. 49 No. 99 October 2003

ABSTRACT

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

In this study, thirty random samples of ready-to-eat meat products (shawerma and hamburger, 15 of each) were used and collected from different restaurants in Assiut City to determine their lead and cadmium levels. The results revealed that: (1) Lead levels (ppm) were 0.072 (ranged from 0.018 to 0.104) in shawerma and 0.050 (ranged from 0.014 to 0.090) in hamburger. (2) Cadmium levels (ppm) were 0.067 (ranged from 0.010 to 0.098) in shawerma and 0.049 (ranged from 0.006 to 0.085) in hamburger. From this study, it is clear that all examined samples showed low contamination with lead and cadmium. The consumption of such meat products regularly even in a small amounts for long time may result in health troubles. So the sources of contamination by lead and cadmium to these products must be avoided or at least minimized and controlled.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Milk) NO : 165

TITLE : Estimation of Some Metallic Pollutants in Milk and Milk Powder in Beni-Suef Governorate.

AUTHORS : A.A. Sharkawy* and Manal Sh. Hussein

ADDRESS : Dept. Forensic Med. & Toxicology, Fac. of Vet. Med., Beni–Suef, Cairo, Univ. and *Dept. Forensic Med. & Toxicology, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut Univ.

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 47, No. 94, July, 2002

ABSTRACT

The present study estimates the levels of some metallic pollutants and related elements (in Beni-Suef Governorate) in milk collected from different lactating animals (cows, buffaloes and sheep) and milk powder. One hundred and twenty- five samples of milk and twenty-five samples of milk powder were used. Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) as non essential toxic elements as well as chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) as essential elements were measured by using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (GBC Avanta 906 AA). The analytical results revealed that Pb and Cd levels (ppm) in cow’s milk were 0.648 and 0.169 at Bayad El-Arab farm, 0.485 and 0.076 at Islam Basha farm, and 0.368 and 0.053 at Fac. Vet. Med. farm, while in buffalo’s reached to 0.661 and 0.174 at Bayad El-Arab farm) and 0.487 and 0.093 at Islam Basha farm respectively. In sheep milk the levels were 0.460 and 0.109, while in milk powder the levels were 0.010 and 0.036 respectively. The concentrations of Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn (ppm) in cow’s milk were 0.428, 0.046, 0.161 and 1.572 at Bayad El-Arab farm, 0.428, 0.208, 0.095 and 2.025 at Islam Basha farm, and 0.245, 0.232, 0.087 and 1.778 at Fac. Vet. Med. farm respectively While in buffalo’s milk they were 0.347, 0.041, 0.101 and 1.765 at Bayad El-Arab farm, 0.411, 0.213, 0.100 and 2.611 at Islam Basha farm respectively In sheep milk their levels were 0.996, 0.090, 0.114 and 1.535, and in milk powder they were 0.882, 1.434, 0.118 and 2.834 respectively. In comparison with the permissible limits or normal levels, the results showed that : (1) A significant increase in Pb and Cd levels in all investigated samples with exception of milk powder which showed significant decrease. (2) Cr level showed a significant increase in all examined samples except a significant decrease in cow’s milk of Fac. Vet. Med. farm, and no changes in buffalo’s milk of Bayad El-Arab. (3) Fe, Cu and Zn showed a significant decrease in all of investigated samples of milk while in milk powder there was a significant increase in Fe and no changes in Zn level. The public health hazard and sources of milk contamination by heavy metals (Pb and Cd), and the changes in essential elements (Cr, Fe, Cu and Zn) were discussed.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Milk) NO : 166

TITLE : Lead, Cadmium, Mercury, Arsenic, Chromium and Copper Levels in Fresh Milk in Assiut Governorate

AUTHORS : Laila M. El-Malt and Diefy A. Salem*

ADDRESS : Food Control Department, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch and *Forensic Med. & Toxicology Dept., Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : 2nd Inter. Congress of Food Hygiene and Human Health 21–23 October, 2003

ABSTRACT

Forty fresh milk samples obtained during May to August 2002 from different sources in Assiut Governorate were analyzed for lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), arsenic (As), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) levels. Lead, cadmium, chromium and copper concentrations were measured by using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer fitted with graphite furnace (GF- AAS). Total mercury was measured by a Flow Injection Mercury System 400 ”FIMS” using Automated Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (CV-AAS). Arsenic was measured by using Hydride Generation Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (HG-AAS). Lead mean value ± SD was 68.369±59.39 and its range was 20.21-371.875 with a median value of 49.975 µg/kg wet weight. Mean ± SD, range and median value of cadmium were 8.118±9.01, 1.25-42.25 and 4.075µg/kg wet weight in the investigated milk samples. Mercury concentrations reached an average value ± SD of 2.60±3.40 and a range of 0.35-16.035 with a median value of 1.765 µg/kg wet weight. Mean value ± SD of arsenic was 114.66±89.005 with a range of 3.5-253.75 and a median value of 105µg/kg wet weight in the investigated samples. Chromium and copper values ranged from 20.67-56.25 and 8.2-2750 with averages of 31.423±8.316 and 379.76±566.02 and their median values were 30.71 and 174.43 µg/kg wet weight. In Concern to the health hazards of milk consumers, only eight milk samples (20%) out of the tested milk samples had lead values above the Maximum Egyptian Permissible Limit (0.1 mg/kg) in fresh milk. All cadmium concentrations were lower than the Egyptian recommended limit of 0.1 mg/kg wet weight. The hazard of mercury due to consumption of such milk was limited according to its recorded levels. Arsenic levels could not be evaluated because of the lack of the Egyptian recommended limit in milk. According to this study fresh milk could contribute in the diet with about 10% of the recommended daily intake of chromium Thirty one samples contained Cu above 0.1 mg/kg and 9 samples exceeded 0.3 mg/kg recommended by the Egyptian Organization for Standardization. Health hazards of these contaminants were discussed.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Milk) NO : 167

TITLE : Detection of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Samples of Cow Milk Collected from Sohag and Qena Governorates.

AUTHORS : Abdel-Wahab A. Dawood ; Ragaa M. Abd El-Maaboud ; Maha A. Helal*; Sohir A. Mohamed* and Waleed H. Ali*

ADDRESS : Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Departments, Faculties of Medicine, Assiut and *South Valley, Universities

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 7 No. 2, October 2004

ABSTRACT

Organochlorine pesticides have been used extensively especially in tropical countries in malaria control programs as well as control of agricultural pests. However, much of the food we eat contain pesticide residues. Analysis of organochlorine compounds are carried out because of their potential health hazardous effect on humans. In this study, milk was monitored using HPLC, for six organochlorine pesticide residues (DDT, dielderin, endrin, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide and lindane) to determine the degree of environmental contamination with them. The study included 40 samples of fresh dairy cow milk which were collected from some villages at Qena and Sohag Governorates (20 from Qena and 20 from Sohag) in the period from June 2002 to December 2002. The results of the study revealed that 82.5% were contaminated with one or more of the investigated organochlorine pesticides. The distribution was : (95%) of the samples from Qena and (70%) from Sohag. DDT complex was the most frequent contaminant. It was found in 30% of milk samples followed by lindane and heptachlor as each of them was found in 22.5% of milk samples. Endrin was found in 17.5% and then dieldrin and heptachlor epoxide as each was found in 15% of milk samples. The mean concentration of DDT complex was 0.1003±0.19 ppm. The mean concentration of heptachlor was 0.0575±0.013 ppm. Heptachlor epoxide was found in a mean concentration of 0.053±0.01 ppm, while the mean concentration of dieldrine was 0.1273±0.02 ppm. On comparison of the EDI (Estimated Daily Intake) in this study with the ADI (Average Daily Intake) data recommended by the Food and Agricultural Organization/ World Health Organization (FAO/WHO 1993), It was found that None of these values exceed the recommended values. The results of this work indicated that in spite of the banning much of organochlorine pesticides still contaminating the environment resulting in contamination of food stuffs, particularly milk. There is a potential risk of the consumption of such contaminated milk on human's health particularly infants and children.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Milk and Cheese) NO : 168

TITLE : Some Heavy Metals and their Health Significance in Assiut Governorate.

AUTHORS : Lyla, M. El-Malt.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Milk Hygiene), Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2000

ABSTRACT

A total of 300 samples of milk and milk products were collected from Assiut Governorate in different areas. Lead, cadmium, mercury, copper and iodine were estimated in raw milk, ultra heat treated (UHT) milk, powdered milk, Baby formula, Damietta and Kariesh cheese. The average levels were determined and the Estimated Weekly Intakes (EWIs) of such elements were compared with the Provisional Weekly Intake (PTWI). The results revealed that there is an extensive health hazard on infants from lead through drinking raw milk and UHT milk. Cadmium may exert its hazardous effect on infants on consuming all milk products. Mercury may affect both infants and adults on consuming such products. Copper deficiency could be expected when infants and adults depend on such products as a main source of copper. Iodine deficiency could be expected only in adults when depend only on such products. Contamination of pastures and environment should be put in mind to minimize Pb, Cd, and Hg hazards. Supplementation of infants with Cu and Iodine must be applied. Monitoring of these pollutants in children blood should be done.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Mortar) NO : 169

TITLE : High Impermeable Mortar for Surfaces of Water Tanks.

AUTHORS : Abo El–Fadl M. M. Megahed

ADDRESS : Civil Engineering Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002

ABSTRACT

This study presents some experimental investigations for the development of performance about the mechanism effect of the suggested and manufactured properties and porous structure formation of the hardened cement mortar. The present work was under taken to compare between the mechanism effect of the suggested admixtures and some of the commercial chemical admixtures in Egypt which are used for reducing the permeability of cement materials to water such as super plasticizer “ DM2” or poly –blast – R. Experimental tests have been carried out on standard cubes (7.071X7O71X071X7.071 cm3) and prisms (4X4X16 cm3) from cement mortar composed of (sand cement equal to 3:1 by weight) and tested under static loading up to failure. The suggested non–traditional admixtures have a good and clear effect on improvement mechanical properties and reducing the permeability of cement mortar hardening in normal conditions compared with the control plasticizing impermeable admixtures.

(Nicotine)

NO : 170

TITLE : A Light and Electron Microscopic Study of the Effect of Nicotine on the Pituitary, Testis and Adrenal Gland of Male Albino Rat at Different Ages.

AUTHORS : Aml Taha Abo El Ait.

ADDRESS : Histology Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2002

ABSTRACT

The present work was done to study the histological changes in the pituitary gland (pars distalis), testis and adrenal gland of the male albino rat at different ages after nicotine administration. It was observed that nicotine led to remarkable changes in the cells of pars distalis specially the gonadotraphs. Also, there were a direct inhibitory effect on the testis and stimulatory effect on the adrenal steroids and catecholamine production, which added another cause for testicular damage.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Ototoxicity) NO : 171

TITLE : Incidence of Ototoxicity in Patients Receiving Cytotoxic Medications . AUTHORS : Mostafa, R. Mohamed

ADDRESS : Dept. of Ear, Nose & Throat, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc) 2002

ABSTRACT

A prospective study was performed on thirty five patients, twenty of them were receiving cisplatin and fifteen were receiving vincristine. After therapy, significant audiometric changes in hearing thresholds were demonstrated in 67% of patients receiving cisplatin therapy. This means that there is a risk to develop cochlear toxicity in two out of three patients receiving cisplatin. There were also significant audiometric changes in hearing thresholds of 54% of patients receiving vincristine therapy. There were also an evidence of partial recovery after the first or second courses of therapy which is then followed by further deterioration.

(Pesticides)

NO : 172

TITLE : Organochlorine Pesticides Residues in Tissues of Slaughtered Animals.

AUTHORS : M. N. Fathy

ADDRESS : Dept. of Food Hygiene (Meat Hygiene), Faculty of Vet. Med., Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2000

ABSTRACT

Investigation of slaughtered animals for organochlorine pesticides residues. Individual 50-100 grams samples of muscle. Fat. Liver and kidneys were obtained from both cattle and buffaloes (200 each) slaughtered at Assiut and El-Sharkia abattoirs during the period 1994-1998. The collected samples were wrapped separately in aluminum foil and sent to the laboratory refrigerated in an ice box for determination of organochlorine pesticides residues by using High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPLC.). DDT, aldrin and dieldrin could be detected in the tissues of beef and buffalo carcases with variable levels. 77 beef carcases (38.5%) and 82 buffalo carcases (41%) were contaminated with organochlorinc pesticides. All the examined fat samples of both contained DDT. 11-Residues of DDT in the tissues of treated rabbits and effect of cooking and freezing: The sites of tissue accumulation in rabbits of the organochlorine DDT were studied. Twenty rabbits were dosed orally with DDT (5mg/kg body weight per day) for 10 days. Groups of 5 animals were killed on days 1, 8,15 and 21 after DDT treatment ended and their tissues examined for the presence of DDT. Such concentrations decreased to reach 0.33, 0.28 and 0.16mg/kg in group 4 which was slaughtered on day 21 after treatment ended. The reduction percentage was 71. 60 and 62% respectively.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Pesticides) NO : 173

TITLE : Contamination of Soils and Some Vegetable Crops With Heavy Metals Induced by Applying Some Pesticides.

AUTHORS : Hala H. Gomah and H. A. Ezzeldin*

ADDRESS : Soil and Water Dept., and *Plant Protection Dept., Faculty of Agriculture , Assiut University

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 6, 2003

ABSTRACT

Two fungicides (Mancozeb and copper hydroxide) and three insecticides (Carbofuran, chlorpyrifos and Aldicarb) were applied either to the soil or to the foliage of two vegetable crops (carrots and peas) to evaluate their contribution to soils and plants as heavy metal contaminants. Pesticides were applied either once (after 4 or 8 weeks from planting) or three times (after 4, 6 and 8 weeks from planting). Soil samples were collected from different depths, while plant samples were taken from the eadable parts. Some heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, Pb, Cu and Zn) were determined in both soil and plant samples. The obtained results indicated that the soil surface layer (0-5 cm) was the most contaminated one with respect of all investigated metals. All pesticide treatments raised the amounts of DTPA (diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) extractable Cd, Ni, Cu, Cr, Pb and Zn of soil samples. Mancozeb was the most effective pesticide in increasing Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu and Cr content, in carrot roots. The concentration of Cr in both carrot roots and pea seeds exceeded the critical levels under all pesticides treatments. Pea seeds contained Cu levels exceeded the critical one. Only levels of extractable Cd and Cr in the soil cultivated with carrots were significantly affected by the application time of the pesticide. Applying the pesticide after 4 weeks from planting increased the level of Cd and Cr to 0.019 and 0.07 ppm, respectively. The extractable Cd of the soil cultivated with peas had 0.20 ppm at the early or late single pesticide application. While repeated application of pesticides reduced the extracted Cd to 0.017 ppm.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Plants) NO : 174

TITLE : Effect of Salinity of Irrigation Water on Elemental Composition of some Cultivars of Pomegranate Seedlings.

AUTHORS : Ahmed Amin, K.I.; H.M.A. Ragheb*; H.A. Abdel-Galil and Y.S. Ali

ADDRESS : Hort., and *Soil and Water Sci. Dept., Fac. Agric., Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol 33, No.2, 2002

ABSTRACT

The present work was carried out during 1995-1998 growth seasons under a shade house at the Experimental orchard of the Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University. The aim of this work was to study the effect of four levels of salinity in irrigation water (tab water as a control, 2000, 4000 and 6000 ppm soluble salts) on the chemical composition of leaves, and rools of fous different cultivars of pomegranate (Punica granatum, L.) seedlings namely (Manfalouty, Nab El- Gamal, Montakhab, and Rosy) of one- and two-years old. The saline irrigation water was prepared by dissolving a mixture of NaC1 and CaC12 (1:1 on the base of equivalent weight) in tab water. At the end of each growth season the concentrations of N, P, K, Ca and Na in both leaves and roots were determined. The obtained results could be summarized as follows: 1-Salinity levels of irrigation water had no significant effects on N concentrations in leaves and

roots the seedlings of Nab El-Gamal, Montakhab and Rosy, while N in leaves of Manfalouty pomegranate seedling were reduced.

2-Increasing the salt concentration in irrigation water up to 2000 ppm and significantly reduced the p concentration in leaves of the seedling.

3-Pomegranate cultivars were differed in their ability of absorption, translocation and accumulation of K in seedlings. Increasing the salt concentration in irrigation water resulted in insignificant increases in K concentrations in leaves and roots.

4-Increasing the salt concentration in irrigation water up to 4000 ppm had no significant effects on Ca concentrations in leaves, but raising the salinity to 6000 ppm significantly increased the Ca concentrations in leaves. The differences in Ca concentrations in leaves between cultivars may be due to the differential response of pomegranate cultivars to salinity.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Plants) NO : 175

TITLE : Evaluation of various potting media and fertilizer levels for commercial nursery production of Ficus benjamina L.

AUTHORS : Mohamed M. Gad

ADDRESS : Horticulture Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 34, No. 4, 2003

ABSTRACT

Evaluation of various potting media and NPK fertilization levels was done on “one-year old” Ficus

benjamina L. seedlings grown under shade conditions at the Experimental Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University during 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 seasons. Some substrates (clay, sand, peat moss, vermiculite, wheat straw and sawdust) were used individually or in different mixtures. Besides, three fertilization levels were applied to plants of each medium at N0P0K0 (control), N1P1K1 (8-4-2) and N2P2K2 (16-8-4 g fertilizer/pot). Ammonium nitrate (33.5% N), calcium superphosphate (16% P2O5) and potassium sulphate (50% K2O) as commercial fertilizer sources were used. Peat moss alone produced the best vegetative and root characteristics compared to the other media. It increased plant height, stem diameter, number of branches and leaves, fresh weight of plant organs (leaves, branches and roots), leaf size, total leaf area per plant and shoot-root ratio followed by the mixtures of peat + vermiculite and vermiculite + straw. The addition of either straw or sawdust to clay or sand showed a great reduction in plant growth. All vegetative and root measurements were considerably increased by both levels of NPK fertilization, while the high level (16-8-4 g/pot) was generally more effective. High leaf contents of N, P, K, chlorophylls (a&b) and carotenoids were closely correlated with the best growth and quality obtained by the most suitable media combined with the high NPK level

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Plants) NO : 176

TITLE : Growth, Yield, N Uptake and Water Use Efficiency of Carrot (Daucus carota L.) Plants as Influenced by Irrigation Level and Nitrogen Fertilization Rate.

AUTHORS : S. E. Abdel-Mawly

ADDRESS : Dept of Soils and Water, Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar University, Assiut.

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 7 No. 1, March 2004

ABSTRACT

Field experiments were carried out during winter seasons of 2000/20001 and 2001/2002 at the Experimental Farm of the Faculty of Agric., Al-Azhar Univ., Assiut on clay eyloamy soil to study the effect of irrigation levels and N fertilization rates on growth and yield as well as N uptake and water use efficiency of carrot. The results indicated that frequent irrigation with 100% replenishment of evaporation losses resulted in highest root yield, total dry matter, leaf area index, and N uptake. Water use efficiency recorded high value with 75% replenishment of evaporation losses. Also, the results showed that increasing nitrogen rate up to 120 kg N/fed significantly, increased the dry matter, root yields, water use efficiency and N uptake in all tested treatments. Apparently nitrogen recovery percent increased with evaporation replenishment up to 100% level and with increasing rate of nitrogen up to 80 kg N/fed, then decreased with increasing rate of applied nitrogen. There were two phases the interaction effect. First response of root yield to nitrogen increment was significant, at 75% level of evaporation replenishment. This indicate that evaporation replenishment improved nitrogen utilization. Secondly, that the response to irrigation level application was, particularly noticed when levels of nitrogen were applied. The highest root yields were obtained with at 100% evaporation replenishment and 120 kg N/fed. On the other hand, maximum water use value were recorded with 120 kg N/fed and at 75% level of evaporation replenishment.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Poultry) NO : 177

TITLE : Estimation of Some Metallic Pollutants in Different Poultry Tissues.

AUTHORS : A.A. Sharkawy; Kh. A. Abdou* and Manal Sh. Hussein* ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Med., Toxicology, Med. & Toxicology, Fac. of Vet. Med.

Assiut University and *(Beni-Suef), Cairo University BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 48, No. 95, October, 2002

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the concentrations of lead, cadmium, mercury, manganese copper, iron and zinc in the tissues of the different poultry. The samples were 50 muscle, 45 liver and 40 kidney. These samples were taken from each of chickens, ducks, geese, turkey and rabbits. The results revealed that : (1) For muscles, there is a significant increase in mercury concentration in chickens and ducks (4.951 and 3.773 µg/kg). Manganese level showed significant increase in ducks and geese (0.22 and 0.285 ppm) and significant decrease in chickens and turkeys (0.093 and 0.098 ppm). The essential trace elements (Cu, Fe and Zn) showed significant decrease in all examined poultry species. On the other hand, no changes were observed in case of lead and cadmium. (2) For livers, there is significant increase of lead (0.285 ppm) in rabbits and mercury in all examined species except rabbits. Manganese level significantly increased in ducks and geese (3.629 and 2.74 ppm), while decreased in chickens, turkey and rabbits (1.829, 1.849 and 1.589 ppm respectively). Copper concentration significantly increased in ducks, geese and rabbits (55.977, 81.69 and 11.605 ppm respectively). Iron and zinc showed significant decrease in all examined species. No changes for cadmium. (3) For kidneys, lead concentration was increased in rabbits (0.296 ppm) only. Mercury level increased in ducks, turkeys and rabbits (8.073, 5.36 and 5.9 µg/kg respectively). Manganese level increased in all examined species while iron level showed an opposite results. Copper concentration significantly increased in ducks, geese and rabbits (8.429, 15.675 and 6.569 ppm respectively). Zinc showed an increase in ducks (40.972 ppm) and decrease in turkey (21.974 ppm). For all examined muscles, livers and kidney there is no changes for cadmium.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Rabbits) NO : 178

TITLE : Effect of Aluminum Chloride on Liver, Kidney and Brain Tissues in Rabbits.

AUTHORS : Nagwa M. El-Sawi Mahmoud and M. Abd El-Nasser*

ADDRESS : *Dept. of Forensic Medicine &Toxicology, Fac. of Vet. Med., Assiut University and Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, South Valley University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 48, No. 95, October, 2002

ABSTRACT

Aluminum, a neurotoxic metal, has been suggested as a possible contributing factor in Alzheimer`s disease. There is a little information on the dose-related toxicity of oral Al exposure. In the current study Newzeeland white rabbits were administered aluminum chloride orally in a dose of 100 µg/Kg/day for six weeks orally. An additional group of rabbits received plain water and kept as a control group for comparison. Al concentration was measured in serum, liver, kidney, brain and muscles after two, four and six weeks of AlCl3 administration. Results of this study revealed that Al concentration in the serum increased with the duration of exposure from 3.482 µg/l after two weeks to 5.330 µg/l after six weeks, while this increase with the time was clear with the duration of exposure in muscles, reaching 39.76 µg/Kg. Al concentration increases in the brain after six weeks reaching 46.87 µg/Kg. Liver and kidney showed also increase in Al concentration that reached 92.36 and 28.55 µg/Kg respectively. Effect of AlCl3 on some biochemical parameters was also taken into consideration. Total protein, AST, ALT as well as G-GT showed significant difference in Al treated rabbits compared to control ones. TBARS and SOD were significantly affected with AlCl3

application. Estimation of some other metals showed that Cu, Zn and Ca are also involved in Al toxicity. These results indicate that Al accumulation in different tissues varies from one tissue to another.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Ram) NO : 179

TITLE : Effect of Untreated Whole Cottonseeds Level on Performance, Nutrients Utilization and Reproductive Response of Rams.

AUTHORS : A.N.Sayed, G.A. Megahed* and S.G. Abdou**

ADDRESS : Dept. of Animal Nutrition, *Dept. of Theriogenology, Fac. of Vet. Medicine, Assiut University and **Dept. of Animal Production, Fac. of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch.

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet Med. Vol. 49 No. 99 October 2003

ABSTRACT

A total number of 12 Rahmani rams ranging from 12 to 18 months age and averaging 39kg weight were assigned to treatments to determine the possible associated effects of feeding whole cottonseed (WCS) on performance, digestion coefficient of ration nutrients, nitrogen balance, rumen characteristics and some blood metabolites. Reproductive response to treatments was also studied. The animals were randomly divided to 4 groups (3 rams/each). Treatments rations cotained (WCS) as percentage of the total ration as 0 (control, I), 6 (ration II), 12 (ration III) and 18% (ration IV) whole cottonseed. Period of the experiment was continued for 90 day with total collection of feces and urine during the last 17 days of the experiment. There was no significant differences in the total dry matter intake between the different experimental groups, put the maximum DM intake was recorded by rams fed the control and ration II (6% WCS) and gradually decreased as the level of WCS increased in the ration. Animals of these two groups (control and 6% WCS) had significant (P<0.05) increased average daily gain and better feed conversion, while there was a trend toward decrease as the levels of WCS increased in the rations from 12 to 18% with poor feed conversion. DM, OM, CF and NFE digestibilities as well as TDN values were decreased, on the contrary to CP, EE digestibilities and DCP which increased as the level of WCS increased from 6 to 18% in the rations. Nitrogen retention, as% of intake or Absorbed, was significantly increased with increasing WCS in the rations of experimental animals. There were no significant effects of cottonseed addition on the blood serum concentrations of total protein, albumin, globulin and glucose, however, blood cholesterol increased with the high inclusion of WCS (18%). Total bacterial counts of rumen and volatile fatty acids concentration were significantly (P<0.05) decreased as the levels of WCS increased in the rations, while ruminal pH did not affected. The values for scrotal circumference (SC) and predicted testicular volume (PTV) were increased significantly (P<0.05) in the rams fed ration II (6% WCS). The levels WCS significantly (P<0.05) affect testosterone profile, as it increased in the serum of rams fed the control and ration II, then it decreased. In conclusion, it could be suggested that it is possible to add whole cottonseeds to the rations of rams without adverse effect on performance, nutrient utilization and reproductive response until 6% and not more.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Rats) NO : 180

TITLE : Role of Tannic Acid as an Antioxidant in Reduction of the Oxidative Damage of Aluminium Chloride in The Rat's Brain.

AUTHORS : K.A. Hassan*; H.M. Omar, S.Kh. Abd-Elghaffar and E.A. Abdel-Gabber*

ADDRESS : Dept. of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Fac. of Vet. Med., and *Dept. of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Assiut Vet. Med. J. Vol. 48, No. 95, October, 2002

ABSTRACT

The experiment was designed to investigate the role of tannic acid as an antioxidant in reduction of the oxidative damage of aluminium chloride in the brain of rat. Thirty-two rats were used, divided into four groups (8 rats each). The rats of the first group were given 30 mg/kg body weight aluminium chloride in drinking water, while those of the second one were given tannic acid 50 mg/kg body weight in drinking water. The rats of the third group were given a combination of aluminium chloride and tannic acid in the same doses. The fourth one served as control. After 80 days, the rats were sacrificed. Blood and brain samples were taken for biochemical and histopathological studies. The results revealed that there was a significant increase in lipid peroxides and nitric oxide levels and the activity of catalase in the aluminium chloride treated rats. However, superoxide dismutase activity, glutathione and vitamin E content were significantly decreased in aluminium/tannic acid treated group. The histopathological investigation documented these results. In conclusion, it is clear that tannic acid could play a prophylactic role in reducing the oxidative damage in the brain tissue of aluminium chloride exposed rats.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Rats) NO : 181

TITLE : Immunotoxicity of Monochrotophos and Phoxim on Albino Rats.

AUTHORS : Diefy A. Salem, Sary Kh. Abd Elghaffar* and Mammdouh M. Anwar**

ADDRESS : Forensic Med. & Toxicology Dept., *Pathology and Clinical Pathology Dept., and **Physiology Dept., Fac. of Med., Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 6 No. 2, October 2003

ABSTRACT

Two organophosphorus pesticides monochrotophos and phoxim have been tested for their immunotoxicity in rats using organ weight, hematological and biochemical tests on blood as well as histopathological assessment. One hundred albino rats, three months age, obtained from Experimental Animal House of Assiut University were used in the experiment. The animals were divided into five groups. Each group consisted of twenty animals and subjected to the following treatment: first group was given daily 2 mg monochrotophos/kg b. w. (1/10 LD50), 2nd group was given daily 1 mg monochrotophos/kg b. w. (1/20 LD50), 3rd group was given daily 200 mg phoxim/kg b. w. (1/10 LD50), 4th group was given daily 100 mg phoxim/kg b. w. (1/20 LD50) orally by stomach tube, 5th group was kept as control. Exposure for one-month resulted in a significant decrease in total protein, albumin and globulin values of treated animals in comparison with controls. A significant decrease was also observed in IgG and IgM in animals treated with 1/10 LD50 of both pesticides. A significant increase was recorded in GST level of treated animals in comparison with control ones after exposure for one month except those received the low dose of monochrotophos. A highly significant decrease in total protein as well as globulin values was observed in both concentrations of both pesticides after exposure for two months. IgM levels showed a highly significant decrease in animals treated with 1/10 LD50 of both pesticides but it was significantly decreased in animals exposed to the low dose. IgG levels was significantly decreased in animals exposed to the high dose only. GST level of all treated animals showed a highly significant increase in comparison with control group after exposure for two months. The histopathological results revealed necrosis of the lymphocytic elements in both lymph node and spleen seen after one month of exposure and exaggerated at the end of the experiment. This was associated with decrease and even absence of B cell in transformation. The liver showed hydropic degeneration of the hepatocytes reached to focal area of necrosis at the end of the experiment. In conclusions: this study indicated that humoral immune responses were decreased in a dose-time dependent pattern as the immunosupresive effects of monochrotophos and phoxim were increased in animals exposed to the higher doses of these pesticides for the longer duration.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Rheumatoid) NO : 182

TITLE : Circulating Cytokines Level in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Effects of some of the Second Line Drugs.

AUTHORS : Sahar Ahmed M. Saad.

ADDRESS : Physical Dept Faculty of Medicine, Assiut

SOURCE : Thesis (Ph.D), 2001

ABSTRACT

This study was performed in rheumatology and rehabilitation department Assist University Hospital between (1995-1996). It included 39 patients having rheumatoid arthritis. The first received methotrexate tablets 7.5 mg/week. The second received combination of MTX 7.5 mg /week and chloroquine phosphate 500 mg/day (2 tablets) the third received chloroquine phosphate 500 mg/day (2 tablets). The patients in the first and second group received folic acid supplementation 1 mg/day from the next day after methotrexate treatment. The clinical and laboratory markers and the level of tumour necrosis factor alpha interleukin 1 beta showed the best improvement in the second group (combination) after six months of treatment and follow up.

(Smoking) NO : 183

TITLE : Effect of Smoking on Electrocardiographic Criteria of left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients.

AUTHORS : Hanan, Sh. Mohamed

ADDRESS : Internal Medicine Dept., Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University.

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002

ABSTRACT

Cigarette smoking has negative effect on sensitively of ECO criteria compared to use of echocardiography for diagnosis of LVH in hypertensive patients increasing smoking index has affect: dimensions of the LV. LV. Mass, diastolic and systolic function, LA diameter and aortic root diameter.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Smoking) NO : 184

TITLE : Factors Affecting Smoking and Related Hazards Among Children Aged 6-18 Years in Assiut.

AUTHORS : Hoda Diab Fahmy Ibrahim, Rabaa Hamed Hassanen*, Awatef Elsayes Ahmed

ADDRESS : Dept. of Community Health Nursing, and *Pediatric Nursing Dept., Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 6 No. 1, March 2003

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify factors associated smoking among children aged from 6–18 years and to asses hazards of smoking among children. The study was conducted in Assiut city and 3 villages chosen randomly which were El-masara, El-hammam, and Kom El-mansura. Children and their parents whose agreed to participate in the study were included in the subjects, their number was 120 smokers children and their parents. Data was collected through interviewed children and their parents individually using a developed questionnaire sheet. Anthropometrical measurements were conducted for each child and recorded included weight, height, head circumference, chest and mid arm circumferences. Results of this study indicated that majority of children 92.2% were using cigarette, parental factor was the first one associated smoking among children followed by economical factor, peer pressure, sociological factor and psychological factor. Statistical significant differences were found between duration of smoking, number of smoking per day and the prevalence of respiratory and or physical complaints. The studied children had lower average rates of anthropometrical measurements than the average rates of their same age from the text book, while duration of smoking and number of smoking per day had no effect on children anthropometrical measurements. Nurses play an important role in helping smokers especially children aged from 6-18 years old through intervention of health promotion programs for prevention and cessation of smoking. This study also suggested future researches to determine the magnitude of children smoking problems and its impact on their health and anthropometrical measurements in Assiut.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Smoking) NO : 185

TITLE : Prevalence of Cigarette Smoking Among some Secondary and Technical School Students in Assiut City.

AUTHORS : Soad S. Bayomi and Sawan M. Ala El-Din

ADDRESS : Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 6 No. 2, October 2003

ABSTRACT

The objective of this work was to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among teens, to analyze the attitudes and beliefs of such students regarding smoking and to study the impact of the socioeconomic standard on the development of such habit. The studied sample included students from a secondary school (n=1482) and a technical school (n=1694). An anonymous closed, self administered questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Data were expressed as mean+SD or number (percentage). The prevalence of smoking behavior among secondary school students (22.46%) was significantly less (P<0.05) compared to that among their technical school counterparts (43.91%). A significantly greater percentage (P<0.001) of fathers of technical school students were found to be illiterate (31.7%) as opposed to those of secondary school students and conversely, a significantly higher percentage of fathers of secondary school students have a university (18.9%) or higher (14.1%) education (P<0.05) compared to fathers of technical school students. The main source of the first cigarette for students in both groups was from friends reflecting the influence of close friends on the behavior of each other. The overall findings of the student’s knowledge about harmful effect of smoking indicates that a considerable percentage of students in both groups believe that smoking is harmful in certain ways. Surprisingly however, a considerable percentage of students in both groups have many wrong beliefs about smoking. In conclusion, in view of the data retrieved from the present work, it seems that both familial and cultural factors play a major role in the prevalence of smoking in this age group. Since the familial aspect is not really amenable to amendment, a lot of effort has to be directed towards changing the cultural ones in order to increase the awareness and change the beliefs of such students regarding a lot of bad habits, among them, smoking is one. This can be achieved via media-directed campaigns, anti smoking leagues, and school programs. The role of the school health nurse should be changed and extended to promote student’s health.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Soil) NO : 186

TITLE : Influence of Nitrogen Fertilzer Forms and Copper Levels Applied to a Sandy Soils on Yield as Well as, Nitrogen and Copper Contents of Barley.

AUTHORS : S.E. Abdel-Mawaly

ADDRESS : Soil and water Dept., Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University, Assiut.

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 33, No.5, 2002

ABSTRACT

A pot experiment was conducted using a sandy soil, deficient in nitrogen. and copper, to study the effect of various nitrogen forms and different copper levels on the dry matter yield, the concentration and uptake of nitrogen and copper as well as protein content in barley plants (variety Giza 124). The studied N forms were calcium nitrate Ca (NO3)2, ammonium chloride NH4 C1 and ammonium nitrate NH4 NO3 While of nitrogen was applied at rate of 300 mg/pot, (60 Kg N/Fed.). Copper was applied, as copper sulphate, at levels of 0, 10, 15 and 20 mg Cu/pot, that corresponding to 0, 2, 3 and 4 kg CuSO4 per fadden. In general, the obtain data indicated that all studied parameters were affected by the different nitrogen forms and followed the order of Ca (NO3)2 > NH4 NO3> NH4 C1. The dry mather yield of shoots and ears of barley plants, increased with increasing Cu- levels up to 10 mgb Cu/pot. They decreased by a further addition of copper levels. But nitrogen content and N uptake in shoots and ears of barley decreased brave as copper application increased. While Cu content and uptake in shoots and ears of barley increased with increasing Cu levels. Increasing copper levels significantly decreasaed available nitrogen in the soil after harvesting and, consequently the N concentration in plants, but copper concentration in shoots and ears, as well as available copper increased. The results revealed that the optimum treatment resulting in high yield and protein content of barley plants grown on the soil under study was to apply N in Ca (NO3)2 form on combined with adding 10 mg Cu/pot. Nitrogen and copper showed matually an antagonistic effect on their concentration in the plants. The antagonism was greater with using NH4

+ form than with NO3- one.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Traffic Accidents) NO : 187

TITLE : Role of Psychoactive Drugs in Road Traffic Accidents in Assiut.

AUTHORS : Safaa, M. Gorg.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002.

ABSTRACT

The present study was conducted on the victims of road traffic accidents admitted to casualty Department of Assiut University Hospital during the period between February to September 2001. The total number of the victims was 1063, the group which was positive for drugs and alcohol (34.8%).

(Urine) NO : 188

TITLE : Urinary Screening for Drug Abuse Among Secondary School Students in Assiut City.

AUTHORS : Ngwa, M. A. Ghandoor.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University

SOURCE : Thesis (M.Sc), 2002

ABSTRACT

Urinary screening had been done for detection of drug abuse by colour tests and thin layer chromatography. The studied students (1000 students were chosen randomly from 9 schools. The positive cases were 49. The prevalence of drug abuse among these students was 5.2%.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Water) NO : 189

TITLE : Chemical Influence of Soluable Salts in the Mixing Water on the Micro Porous Structure of the Hardened Concrete in Marine Environment.

AUTHORS : Rashwan M. M.

ADDRESS : Civil Engineering Dept., Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University

BULLETIN : J. of Eng. Sci., Assiut Univ., Vol. 32. No. 2, April 2004

ABSTRACT

The formation of ettringite after the hardening of cement minerals is accompanied by extra gypsum, which may lower the intrinsic strength of calcium silicate hydrate due to the presence of sulfate ions in its structure. The important factors influencing the resistance of concrete against internal sulfate attack are the chemical reactions between sulfate ions contained in the mixing water or extra gypsum and the minerals of cement during its hydration and the concentration of the reactant concerned in the pore solution. Micro porous structure formation of the hardened cement stone in different stages of its hydration represents the major factor, which reduces or may prevents the deterioration of the hardened concrete in sulfate or marine environment. The mechanism effect of soluble salts of non-organic acids in the mixing water on the durability of concrete elements exposed to marine environment is studied. But, the chemical changes during the hydration of cement minerals due to the influence of these soluble salts on the micro porous structure of the hardened concrete in these aggressive environmental conditions are not studied. Therefore, the main aim of this research is to continue the experimental investigations for determining the chemical changes concerning the influence of the suggested soluble salts in mixing water [type Na2SO4, MgSO4, NaCl, CaCl2, MgCl2] On the micro porous structure of the hardened concrete in marine environment. X-ray, electronic and microscopic analysis show that, using of suggested soluble salts in the mixing water with a suitable doses is connected with large formation of “CSH” gel. This gel successfully fills and segments large Pores into smaller and regulates the micro porous structure of the hardened concrete. This involves the transformation of bulky “CH” crystal into a large number of amorphous “CSH” gels, which significantly diminishing the permeability and diffusion of external sulfate “SO4” ions into the interior of the hardened concrete specimens in marine environment.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Water Pollution) NO : 190

TITLE : Modelling of Pollutants Distribution in Open Streams Using the Control-Volume Method.

AUTHORS : Hassan I. Mohamed and Ali A. M. Gad

ADDRESS : Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : J. of Eng. Sci., Assiut Univ. Vol. 32. No. 2, April 2004

ABSTRACT

A simple convection-dispersion model in estimating the concentration level of a solute, or pollutant constituent, resulting from discharging wastes in open streams is presented. The convection-dispersion equation for pollutants transport in open channels is represented by the control-volume method. The numerical experiments consist of the transport of a conservative-neutrally buoyant contaminant a long a reach of a uniform open channel. A variety of numerical schemes with different images are tested for the formulation of the convection and dispersion terms. The pollutant profile along the tested channel reach is found to be uniform over its upstream and middle parts while it goes down sharply near its end. All schemes resulted in a concentration profile which has a good concurrence with the analytical solution over a major part of the tested reach. However, near the end of the tested reach some of these schemes are found to be diffusive, especially for the higher values of Peclet number. Both the exponential and power-law schemes accurately simulate the contaminant distribution over the whole length of the tested open channel for different values of Peclet number.

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Chemical Pollution Ass. Univ. Cent. Envir. Studies

(Wheat) NO : 191

TITLE : Response of Three Wheat Cultivars to Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilization Rates in Sandy Soil.

AUTHORS : Allam, A.Y.

ADDRESS : Dept. of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Assiut University

BULLETIN : Assiut Journal of Agricultural Science, Vol. 34, No.1, 2003

ABSTRACT

Two field experiments were carried out during 2000/2001 and 2001/2002 seasons at El-Ghoraieb Experimental Farm, newly sandy soil, Assiut University to study the response of three bread wheat cultivars (Giza 164, Giza 165 and Sakha 8) to three nitrogen rates (75, 100 and 125 kg N/fed.) and split application of nitrogen at different growth stages; planting (p); tillering (T); elongation (E); anthesis (A) and milk ripening (M) at 2, 3, 4 or 5 doses. The results indicated that Giza 164 cultivar was superior to the other cultivars and gave the highest grain yield (8.60 ard/fed.). Increasing nitrogen rate up to 125 kg N/fed. increased yield and its components of all cultivars. The highest grain (9.40 ard/fed.) and straw (3.608 t/fed.) yields were obtained when nitrogen was applied at a rate 125 kg N/fed. In addition, splitting nitrogen rates in frequent doses increased yield and its components. The highest grain yield (9.53 ard/fed.) and straw yield (3.624 t/fed.) were obtained with splitting nitrogen rates at five doses. The highest grain yield (10.84 ard/fed.) and straw yield (4.23 t /fed.) were obtained from Giza 64 cultivar when the highest N rate (125 kg N/fed.) was applied and its added at five doses.

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Chemical Pollution Envir. Encyclopedia Ass. Univ., 2004

(Workers) NO : 192

TITLE : A Study of Occupational Health Hazards Among Assiut Spinning Factory Workers.

AUTHORS : Thoreia Mohamed Mahmoud, Hosnia S. Abd El-Megeed*, Sawsan Mohamed Alaa El-Din*, and Hoda Diab Fahmy Ibrahim**

ADDRESS : Teaching Specialist of Nursing Science, Health Technical Institute, *Dept. of Community Medicine, and **Community Health Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Assiut University.

BULLETIN : Ass. Univ. Bull. Environ. Res. Vol. 7 No. 1, March 2004

ABSTRACT Cotton industry workers are exposed to various hazards in the different departments of textile factories. The major health problems associated with cotton dust are respiratory problems. The aims of the work are study the occupational health hazards among the workers in Assiut Spinning Factory and to assess the different protective measures used during working day to prevent the different hazards. This study was conducted in Assiut Spinning Factory. The total number of the studied sample was 550 workers out of 650 who worked in the productive and repair sectors. A questionnaire was constructed include two parts, one to assess the industrial hazards and their preventive measures and the second one included the information from the health record of the worker in Health Insurance included pre-placement examination and periodic medical examination. The data collection took about 6 months (from July to the end of December 2001). Our study revealed that the vast majority of workers (96.9%) were males. About two thirds (65.8%) of workers have experience of work for 20-30 years (mean was 20.5+5.3). 67.3% of the workers were mentioned that the mask is available and only 41.6% from them using it during work. 99.5% of workers mentioned about the availability of the emergency equipments. Moreover 99.3% of workers mentioned that there are no health education programs. The workers in the blending and picking department, carding and spinning department and combing and twisting department suffer from cough (68.3%, 60.2% and 73.7% respectively), chest pain (68.3%, 57.6%, and 64.9% respectively), and dyspnea (70.7%, 68.1% and 71.9% respectively). The difference from other departments was stastically significant. Ear disease and ear secretion were common symptoms among more than half of the workers in the above mentioned departments in addition to winding and doubling departments and the differences from other departments were statistically significant (P<0.05). Only 63.8% of workers were performed periodic medical examination. It was found that 13.4%, 11.1% and 2.3% were suffering from chronic bronchitis, chronic bronchitis with emphysema and bronchial asthma respectively. 13.4% of workers have sensory deafness while 9.9% have sensory conductive deafness. The study recommend with improving of worker’s health through: Periodic medical examination should be performed to all workers in the factory. Periodic inspection of working environment by industrial hygienist through regular measurement of noise level, illumination, ventilation and cotton dust concentration. Training and health education programs should be provided to all workers from the start of work. Emphasizing the correct use of personal protective measures. If possible, the factory should look into the possibility of replacing the old machines with new ones, which is less noisy.

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