absolutism in europe 1600-1700

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Absolutism in Europe 1600-1700

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Absolutism in Europe 1600-1700. Cardinal Richelieu 1585-1642 Minister to Louis XIII and his mother Marie de Medici Sought to strengthen royal control of France Established a spy network to seek out plots by France’s nobility to overthrow the king - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Absolutism in Europe 1600-1700

Page 2: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

France • Cardinal Richelieu 1585-1642• Minister to Louis XIII and his

mother Marie de Medici• Sought to strengthen royal

control of France• Established a spy network to

seek out plots by France’s nobility to overthrow the king

• Executed enemies of the king without trial

• Effectively destroyed the power of the Huguenots, the Protestant minority of France

• Louis XIII died shortly after Richelieu, giving way to Cardinal Mazarine

Page 3: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Louis XIV 1638-1715

• Cardinal Mazarine (1602-1661) was Richelieu’s chosen successor

• Mazarine was the regent for Louis XIV from 1638-1661

• The Fronde 1648-1652 A rebellion of peasants and nobles against the formation of a strong monarchy.

Page 4: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Sun King• Louis ascended the throne at

age 23• Created a strict schedule for all

daily events of court and seldom deviated from his routine

• Came to embody the ideals of an absolute monarch

• Built the massive palace complex of Versailles, and required all nobles to live near and attend court daily

• Chose his ministers from new noble families, and encouraged rivalries for his favor among other nobles

Page 5: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Policies of Louis XIV

• Issued the Edict of Fontainebleau to break Huguenot power

• Appointed Jean-Baptiste Colbert as finance minister

• Created an army of 400,000 troops

• Engaged in 4 major wars

Page 6: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Spain and Prussia

• In the years following the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588, Spain began a slow process of decline.

• Prussia began to develop its noble class know as the Junkers.

• One of the leading Junker family was the Hohenzollern family.

• Prussia’s military also began to increase in size.

Page 7: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Russia

• Ivan the Terrible (1533-1584) became the first czar of Russia by crushing the Russian nobility.

• 1613 Romanov Dynasty founded

• Peter the Great (1689-1725)

Page 8: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Peter the Great • Began his reign typical of

Russia’s nobility.• 1697-1698 toured western

Europe and returned to Russia determined to enact social, economic, political, and military reforms

• Forced western European social standards for Russia’s nobles, and ended the seclusion of Russian women

• Waged a war with Sweeden from 1700-1721 to establish a port on the Baltic Sea. St. Petersburg founded 1703.

• Gained the provinces of Estonia, Korelia, and Livonia

Page 9: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Austria

• Composed of 5 major regions, added parts of Hungary and Bohemia

• 1683 An Austrian led army defeated the Ottoman Turks in the Battle of Vienna, virtually ending the Islamic threat to western Europe by 1687.

• Austria never formed a strong centralized monarchy.

Page 10: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

England

• 1603 Queen Elizabeth died

• Stuart dynasty began with the reign of James I, originally from Scotland

• James had a poor relationship with Parliament and a group of reformers in the Church of England known as the Puritans

Page 11: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Civil War

• Charles I (1625-1649) and Parliament agreed on even fewer ideals than that of his father James I.

• Parliament passed sweeping social reforms that Charles refused to acknowledge.

• Charles began to rule without the consent of Parliament

• Puritans began to leave England for America

• War broke out between the king and Parliament in 1642

Page 12: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Oliver Cromwell

• Parliament was led by Oliver Cromwell and his New Model Army

• Charles was defeated and executed on Jan. 30, 1649.

• Cromwell abolished the monarchy and ruled as dictator of an English republic.

• 1658 Stuart Restoration brought back the monarchy after Cromwell’s death under Charles II 1658-1685

Page 13: Absolutism in Europe            1600-1700

Glorious Revolution 1688• James II (1633-1701) was a

devout Catholic, but had 2 Protestant daughters Mary and Anne.

• James’ second wife gave birth to a son

• Parliament made contact with Mary about becoming queen. She agreed so long as her husband William of Orange could also be king. Parliament agreed.

• The Glorious Revolution resulted in the overthrow of James II and the reign of William and Mary in a nearly bloodless revolution.

• English Bill of Rights gave most of the power in England to Parliament.