about maslow theory of motivation

8/13/2019 about Maslow Theory of Motivation

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RUNNING HEAD : Evaluation of Maslows theory of motivation

Evaluation of Maslow's Theory of Motivation aor!in" to Islami #ers#etives

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Hanani $t% A&! Moin ())**(

Malihah $t% A&!ul Halim ()(((+

Moh! ,ai-ul $% Ghani ()+*..

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Nur Hasni $t% /ahaya ()0*1)

Nurul Aina $t% 2anal A&i!in (+00

3hofia 3ha&rina ))())

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3etion

International Islami University Malaysia

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Introduction

In this mo!ern worl!4 there a lot of theories of #syholo"y that reatin" es#eially &y

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western #syholo"ist% 5ne of those theories is omes from A&raham Maslow% Maslow

intro!ue! the &asi nee!s that involve in human &o!y an! it is im#ortant to 6now a&out

in!ivi!ual as#et% $ut as a western #syholo"ist4 there are some wea6nesses that &elon" &y

Maslow% Meanwhile4 in Islami #ers#etives4 there are some a##roahes that an &e funtione!

as a om#limentary a##roah in other to un!erstan! human nee!s% The a##roahes of Islami

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#ers#etives is &ase! on the revelation of Go! 7 8uran an! 3unah 9% An! for sure4 the 8uran is a

tools of #erfet "ui!ane in un!erstan!in" a&out the worl! an! hereafter% Ma6in" a om#arison

&etween &oth western theories an! Islami #ers#etives will lea!s for seein" a fin!in" of #roven

in the truth of #syholo"ial 6nowle!"e an! the #owerful of Go!% ,rom Maslows theory4 there

are many shortomin"s that we an ritii-e from Islami #ers#etives whih are the hierarhy of

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nee!s an! intrinsi an! etrinsi motivation%

Hierarchy of needs

There are five levels of nee!s ate"ori-e! &y Maslow an! arran"e! into a hierarhy% At

the &ottom of hierarhy is the most #rimary #hysiolo"ial nee!s4 safety nee!s4 love nee!s4 self;

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esteem an! self;atuali-ation%

Islam ha! a6nowle!"e! the essential to fulfill the #hysiolo"ial nee!s for human

survival &ase! on a ha!ith narrate! &y Anas said, "Three people came to the houses of the

wives of the rophet !#$%, to as& a'out how the rophet worshiped( )hen the* were told, it

was as if the* thou+ht it was little and said, )here are we in relation to the -essen+er of Allah

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Motivation!#$%, who has 'een for+iven his past and future wron+ actions/" $e said, "0ne of them

said, will pra* all of ever* ni+ht( Another said, will fast all the time and not 'rea& the fast(

The other said, " will withdraw from women and never marr*( The -essen+er of Allah came to

them and said, Are *ou the ones who said suchandsuch/ * Allah, am the one amon+ *ou

with the most fear and awareness of Allah, 'ut fast and 'rea& the fast, pra* and sleep, and

marr* women( )hoever disdains m* sunna is not with me"(

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Motivationurthermore, accordin+ to -aslow, humans need to feel a sense of 'elon+in+ and

acceptance amon+ their social +roups, re+ardless if these +roups are lar+e or small( -aslow

considered love need for 'elon+in+ ma* overcome the ph*siolo+ical and securit* needs,

dependin+ on the stren+th of the peer pressure( elationships such as friendships romantic

attachments, and families help fulfill this need for companionship( ove and affection epress in

seualit* which a persons attitude toward their masculine and feminine nature and also stress

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Motivationon the a'ilit* to +ive and receive love and affection(

)e see this humanitarian principle ver* clearl* in the sa*in+ of the rophet #$ that

9the 'elievers are li&e the parts of the 'od* in relation to each other in matters of &indness, love

and affection( )hen one part of the 'od* is afflicted, the entire 'od* feels it: there is loss of

sleep and a fever develops;, and in his sa*in+ 9A 'eliever to another 'eliever is li&e a 'uildin+

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Motivationwhose different parts enforce each other; and he intertwined his fin+ers to+ether so that his

companions would understand the meanin+ he wanted( Therefore, humans need to love and

'e loved and 'oth seuall* and nonseuall* '* others( -an* people 'ecome suscepti'le to

loneliness, social aniet*, and clinical depressionin the a'sence of this love or 'elon+in+

element(

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depressionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_anxietyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clinical_depression


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$esi!es4 another level of hierarhy that Maslow #ro#ose! in his theory is the nee! for

self;esteem% Aor!in" to him4 this nee! #resents the ty#ial human !esire to &e ae#te! an!

value! &y others an! also want to &e su##orte! an! "ain res#et in or!er to &uil! their self;

esteem% Those who havin" low self;esteem will fae inferiority om#le%


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when #eo#le fae low self;esteem4 they must reflet themselves &ase! on 8uran an! ha!ith%

Then4 ta6e it as hallen"e% ,or instane4 Allah sai! in 8uran4 =5 >ro#het4 tell your wives an!

!au"hters an! the &elievin" women to !raw their outer "arments aroun! them 7when they "o out

or are amon" men9, that is &etter in or!er that they may &e 6nown 7to &e Muslims9 an! not

annoye!%%78ur'an **:?.9% @hen a "irl has low self;esteem to wearin" hia& or to over aurah4 she

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must loo6 &a6 at this verse an! ma6e as hallen"e for herself% As a Muslim4 thin6in" the rewar!

#rovi!e! &y Allah is enou"h to &uil! our self;esteem &eause Allah will rewar! everyone who

follow His omman!%

Bastly4 the nee! of self atuali-ation is the hi"hest level of nee!s in the hierarhy of

human motivation% Maslow !esri&e! self atuali-ation as an in!ivi!uals !esire whih motivates

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a #erson to &eome what he is #otential to &e an! a#a&le of &eomin"% This nee! hel#s him to

reah his #otential an! a#a&ilities as human &ein"%

3elf atuali-ation is very im#ortant &eause it #ushes #eo#le to &e everythin" that they

want an! to #ossess their #otential to eel% If they !o not atuali-e their #otentials4 they mi"ht

&e in trou&le an! "o into !e#ression an! they will &eome !reamers4 an! they will ahieve

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nothin" if they !o not #ut their #otentials into #ratie% Therefore4 it reCuires #eo#le to ta6e

ations to reali-e their am&itions% Also4 Maslow state! that only some #eo#le an ahieve self;

atuali-ation not all% ,rom our o#inion4 this statement is not a##lia&le to every #eo#le% ,or

eam#le4 there are many #eo#le who are la6 of money an! not &elon" to any "rou# &ut still an

suess in life an! ahieve in what they are #otentially as lon" as they !e#en! on Go! ( Allah has

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mentione! a&out it in theAl-quran In!ee! Allah will never han"e the on!ition of a fol6 until

they 7first9 at to han"e themselvesF 7Ar-Rad*: 9%

The maor #ro&lem of Maslows hierarhy of human motivation is the nee! to fulfill the

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lower level &efore movin" on to the hi"her level% It means that #eo#le annot fulfill the nee! of

self atuali-ation &efore they satisfy the #revious nee!s% This is a"ainst the reality &eause in

fat4 many #eo#le an fulfill their nee!s ran!omly without !e#en!in" on Maslows hierarhy%

,or instane4 artist an! sientist have &een 6nown to !eny their #hysial nee!s &ut they have

atuali-e! themselves &y #ro!uin" "reat wor6s in their ertain fiel!s 7self atuali-ation9% In

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Islam4 for eam#le4 in the history of the #ro#het Muhamma!4 many of his om#anions ne"lete!

their #hysiolo"ial nee!s 7life9 in or!er to "ain shahadah 7martyr!om9 in war 7whih may

atually &e onsi!ere! as ahievin" self;atuali-ation%

,urthermore4 in Islam there is a one#t 6nown as MaCasi! 3yariah or 5&etives of

3yariah whih onsists of #rotetin" the intellet4 reli"ion4 #ro#erty4 #ri!e an! life% In this

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one#t there is no hierarhy struture we nee! to follow or fulfill4 so its a##lia&le to any

!ifferent situations% Islam allowe! Muslim to #rotet their life rather than their reli"ion if they

are in !an"er% ,or eam#le4 the story of a 3aha&ah Ammar $in /asir where he was fore! to

a!mit that he is not a Muslim &y the !is&elievers an! if he !i! not a!mit they will 6ill him% 3o4 in

this situation >ro#het allowe! him to follow their or!er to #rotet his life%

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Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Intrinsi motivation are ativities that are their own rewar! an! the enoyment of a tas6 or

sense of aom#lishment that it &rin"s% ,or eam#le4 if one !ay a &oy wear a &lue shirt an! he

won a lu6y !raw% An! fortunately the situation ha! re#eate! for several times4 so the &oy will

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#ro&a&ly &elieve that &lue is his lu6y olor% @ell4 it is !ifferent from etrinsi motivation% In

etrinsi4 motivation reate! &y eternal fators li6e rewar!s an! #unishments% The #artii#ation

&ase! on #ossi&le "ains4 not on interest in the ativity itself% As an eam#le4 when a "irl stu!ent

wearin" a #in6 s6irt4 an! many #eo#le #raise! her for wearin" the s6irt4 she will li6ely wear the

s6irt often%

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$oth of this 6in! of motivation are "oo! for #eo#le% However4 in Islam we annot rely on

somethin" for eam#le on intrinsi motivation4 when the &oy starts to &elieve that &lue is his

lu6y olor% This at an &e alle! as minor shir6% It is also similar to etrinsi motivation% @hen

#eo#le start #raisin" the "irl for wearin" the #in6 s6irt4 it mi"ht ause riyain the "irls heart%

Riyaalso is one ty#e of minor shir6% As >ro#het s%a%w sai!4 The thing that I fear most for you

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is the minor Shirk; Riyaa7Ahma! in his Musna!9

Allah 7swt9 will as6 the one who !oes riyaon the Day of u!"ement to ta6e his rewar!s

from those he showe! off for% >eo#le have to fi"ht riya% This is one thin" that sim#le 6nowle!"e

annot ure% It is somethin" that affets the most i"norant worshi##er an! the "reatest Alim% It is

a ontinuous stru""le% That is why intrinsi an! etrinsi motivation an &e ritis in Islam%

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Conclusion

As a onlusion4 even thou"h Maslow is not a Muslim sholar4 he ma!e researh on

human &o!y an! reali-e! what human nee!s &ase! on !ee# e#erimental o&servation% 3ome

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#arts of his theory are "oo! an! ae#ta&le% However4 we annot ae#t it for hun!re! #erent

true% In fat4 we must refer &a6 what Islam "ui!e us sine Islam is a holisti thin"4 that is not

only a&out reli"ion &ut the way of life 7 !in 9 % The &est eam#le whih is The >ro#het 5f

Muhamma! saw is a "ui!er an! lea!er in everythin" inlu!in" #syholo"ial as#ets as it is

omes from the oneness of Go! throu"h revelationF%

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References

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Jamal4 A% 7)((.9% 3elf Atuali-ation% Retrieve! A#ril?4 )(* from

htt#:KKe-ineartiles%omKL3elf;Atuali-ationi!)*.O**

Maslow% A% H% 7.0*9%A theory of motivation% In!ia : Nalan!a Di"ital Bi&rary


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>rentie Hall%

>a#er of Dr% Ali-i Alias an! Dr% 2a6i 3amsu!in entitle! >syholo"y of Motivation from an

Islami >ers#etiveF%

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