Aboriginal Issues In 1960, Aboriginal people were granted the right to vote However, they still faced many issues: land claim disputes, poor quality of life, and the governments assimilation policy remained The White Paper In 1969 Jean Chretien was the minister of Indian Affairs, and produced a White Paper (a government document proposing a solution to a problem) He suggested ending the federal governments treaty obligations to the First Nations, dissolving the Indian Affairs department and abolishing the Indian Act He wanted to transfer responsibility to the Provinces The White Paper This meant that: First Nations would lose their Indian status Reserves would be dissolved Land Claims would disappear Chretien argued this would create equality between First Nations and non-aboriginal peoples, and shift the emphasis from cultural protection to economic development The Red Paper The White Paper shocked First Nations, who had not been consulted while the White Paper was being prepared Harold Cardinal, a Cree scholar from Alberta, wrote a response in a book titled The Unjust Society which would later be nicknamed The Red Paper He claimed that being equal ignored history and denied the rights of Aboriginal people The James Bay Project In 1971 Hydro-Quebec started a project to exploit the hydroelectric power of rivers running into James Bay Plans included building huge dams, diverting major rivers, and creating large reservoirs But the plan was made without consulting the Cree and Inuit who lived in the area They formed the Quebec Association of Indians and took their case to court James Bay Project In 1973 the Quebec Superior Court ordered the project stopped until they negotiated a treaty The James Bay and Northern Quebec Agreement was signed in 1975 This was the first treaty signed with Aboriginal Peoples in 50 years and established a model for future agreements James Bay Project In return for giving up rights to certain lands, the Cree and Inuit, and Naskapi First Nations received: Exclusive use of square km of territory Financial compensation of $225 million Responsibility for and control of education, health care and social services Roles on committees and board to protect the environment Aboriginal Activism Today Regional Discontent Differences in employment opportunities and resources across Canada meant some regions were better off than others In 1957 the government started equalization payments that still continue today, where they take from the rich provinces and give to the poor Pierre Trudeau created the Departmnet of Regional Economic Expansion in 1969 to focus on improving the economy of disadvantaged regions Equality for Women By the 1960s womens movements had broadened their focus to achieving gender equality In 1967 the federal government created the Royal Commission on the Status of Women To investigate and report on conditions for women in Canada, and to make recommendations to improve The commission resulted in 167 recommendations for how the federal government could make women and men more equal