Abnormal Psychology A.K.A.$Psychological$Disorders$

A"�harmful"dysfunc/on�"in"which"behavior"is"judged"to"be"atypical,"disturbing,"maladap/ve"and"

unjus/fiable."

"

Early"Theories"

•  Abnormal"behavior"was"evil"spirits"trying"to"get"out."

•  Trephining"was"o?en"used."

Perspec/ves"and"Disorders"

Psychological++School/Perspec1ve+ Cause+of+the+Disorder+

Psychoanaly/c/Psychodynamic" Internal,"unconscious"drives"

Humanis/c" Failure"to"strive"to"one�s"poten/al"or"being"out"of"touch"with"one�s"feelings."

Behavioral" Reinforcement"history,"the"environment."

Cogni/ve" Irra/onal,"dysfunc/onal"thoughts"or"ways"of"thinking."

Sociocultural" Dysfunc/onal"Society"

Biomedical/Neuroscience" Organic"problems,"biochemical"imbalances,"gene/c"predisposi/ons."

DSM"IV"

•  Diagnos1c+Sta1s1cal+Manual+of+Mental+Disorders:"the"big"book"of"disorders."

•  DSM"will"classify"disorders"and"describe"the"symptoms."

•  DSM"will"NOT"explain"the"causes"or"possible"cures."

Two"Major"Classifica/ons"in"the"DSM"

Neuro1c+Disorders+•  Distressing"but"one"can"s/ll"

func/on"in"society"and"act"ra/onally."

Psycho1c+Disorders+•  Person"loses"contact"with"

reality,"experiences"distorted"percep/ons."

John"Wayne"Gacy"

Anxiety"Disorders"

•  a"group"of"condi/ons"where"the"primary"symptoms"are"anxiety"or"defenses"against"anxiety."

•  the"pa/ent"fears"something"awful"will+happen"to"them."

•  They"are"in"a"state"of"intense"apprehension,"uneasiness,"uncertainty,"or"fear."""

Phobias"•  A"person"experiences"sudden"episodes"of"intense"dread."

•  Must"be"an"irra/onal"fear."

•  Phobia"List"•  Agoraphobia"

Generalized"Anxiety"Disorder"GAD"

•  An"anxiety"disorder"in"which"a"person"is"con/nuously"tense,"apprehensive"and"in"a"state"of"autonomic"nervous"system"arousal."

•  The"pa/ent"is"constantly"tense"and"worried,"feels"inadequate,"is"oversensi/ve,"can�t"concentrate"and"suffers"from"insomnia.""

•  Anxiety"in"Children"

Panic"Disorder"

•  An"anxiety"disorder"marked"by"a"minutesXlong"episode"of"intense"dread"in"which"a"person"experiences"terror"and"accompanying"chest"pain,"choking"and"other"frightening"sensa/ons."

•  Video"

ObsessiveXcompulsive"disorder"•  Persistent"unwanted"

thoughts"(obsessions)"cause"someone"to"feel"the"need"(compulsion)"to"engage"in"a"par/cular"ac/on."

•  Obsession"about"dirt"and"germs"may"lead"to"compulsive"hand"washing."

•  OCD"video"•  As"OCD"as"it"gets"•  Stuck"in"a"Doorway"

PostXtrauma/c"Stress"Disorder"a.k.a."PTSD"

•  Flashbacks"or"nightmares"following"a"person�s"involvement"in"or"observa/on"of"an"extremely"stressful"event."

•  Memories"of"the"even"cause"anxiety."

•  PTSD"video"

Somatoform"Disorders"

•  Occur"when"a"person"manifests"a"psychological"problem"through"a"physiological"symptom."

•  Two"types……"

Hypochondriasis"•  Has"frequent"physical"complaints"for"which"medical"doctors"are"unable"to"locate"the"cause."

•  They"usually"believe"that"the"minor"issues"(headache,"upset"stomach)"are"indica/ve"are"more"severe"illnesses."

Conversion"Disorder"•  Report"the"existence"of"severe"physical"problems""with"no"biological"reason."

•  Like"blindness"or"paralysis."•  Band"of"Brothers"example"

•  Leroy,"NY"example"

•  Leroy,"NY"example"analysis"

Pol"Pot"

Dissocia/ve"Disorders"

•  These"disorders"involve"a"disrup/on"in"the"conscious"process."

•  Three"types…."

Psychogenic"Amnesia"•  A"person"cannot"remember"things"with"no"physiological"basis"for"the"disrup/on"in"memory."

•  Retrograde"Amnesia"•  NOT"organic"amnesia."•  Organic"amnesia"can"be"retrograde"or"antrograde."

Dissocia/ve"Fugue"People"with"psychogenic"amnesia"that"find"themselves"in"an"unfamiliar"environment."

David"Fitzpatrick"from"London"

Edward"Lighthart"from"Sea]le"

""

Dissocia/ve"Iden/ty"Disorder"

•  Used"to"be"known"as"Mul/ple"Personality"Disorder."

•  A"person"has"several"rather"than"one"integrated"personality."

•  People"with"DID"commonly"have"a"history"of"childhood"abuse"or"trauma."

•  Herschel"Walker"

Plan"Ahead"

•  Quiz"tomorrow"–"all"terms"(consider"reading"the"book)""

•  Tomorrow"you"need"headphones"to"experience"Schizophrenia"on"an"iPad."""

•  On"Monday"&"Tuesday,"we"will"meet"in"(108)"209."Bring"headphones."""

•  SS"Performance"Exams"are"on"Wednesday."That’s"us.""We"can"talk"more"about"that"tomorrow.""

•  Our"AP"Reviews"begin"next"week:"Monday"a?ernoons"(2:45X3:15)"&"Thursday"mornings"(7:10X7:40).""

Mood"Disorders"

•  Experience"extreme"or"inappropriate"emo/on."

Major"Depression"

•  A.K.A."unipolar"depression"

•  Unhappy"for"at"least"two"weeks"with"no"apparent"cause."

•  Depression"is"the"common"cold"of"psychological"disorders."

Seasonal"Affec/ve"Disorder"

•  Experience"depression"during"the"winter"months."

•  Based"not"on"temperature,"but"on"amount"of"sunlight."

•  Treated"with"light"therapy."

Bipolar"Disorder"

•  Formally"manic"depression."•  Involves"periods"of"

depression"and"manic"episodes."

•  Manic"episodes"involve"feelings"of"high"energy"(but"they"tend"to"differ"a"lot…some"get"confident"and"some"get"irritable)."

•  Engage"in"risky"behavior"during"the"manic"episode."

•  Video"

Personality"Disorders"

•  WellXestablished,"maladap/ve"ways"of"behaving"that"nega/vely"affect"people�s"ability"to"func/on."

•  Dominates"their"personality."

An/social"Personality"Disorder"•  Lack"of"empathy."

•  Li]le"regard"for"other�s"feelings."

•  View"the"world"as"hos/le"and"look"out"for"themselves."

•  Ex:"The"Joker"•  Psychopaths"usually"have"no"guilt"or"

remorse"and"tend"to"be"selfXcentered."However,"the"term"itself"is"not"listed"in"the"(DSM)"so"it"technically"isn't"considered"a"mental"health"disorder."Psychopathy"does"tend"to"be"closely"related"to"an/social"personality"disorder,"which"is"a"listed"condi/on."

Dependent"Personality"Disorder"

•  Rely"too"much"on"the"a]en/on"and"help"of"others."

•  People"with"this"disorder"do"not"trust"their"own"ability"to"make"decisions.""

•  They"may"be"very"upset"by"separa/on"and"loss.""

•  They"may"go"to"great"lengths,"even"suffering"abuse,"to"stay"in"a"rela/onship"

Borderline"Personality"Disorder"+•  o?en"have"difficul/es"controlling"emo/ons"and"impulses"

•  find"it"hard"to"keep"rela/onships"•  experience"feelings"of"emp/ness"

•  suffer"quick"changes"in"mood""

•  may"harm"themselves"

•  Problems"coping"with"abandonment"and"a"rapidly"changing"view"of"other"people"can"form"part"of"their"difficul/es"

•  find"it"hard"to"engage"in"or"s/ck"with"treatment"and"leave"before"the"end"

•  Overview"

Histrionic"Personality"Disorder"

•  Needs"to"be"the"center"of"a]en/on."

•  Whether"ac/ng"silly"or"dressing"provoca/vely."

Narcissis/c"Personality"Disorder"

•  Having"an"unwarranted"sense"of"selfXimportance."

•  Thinking"that"you"are"the"center"of"the"universe."

Obsessive"–Compulsive"Personality"Disorder"

•  Overly"concerned"with"certain"thoughts"and"performing"certain"behaviors."

•  Not"as"extreme"as"OCD"anxiety."

Schizophrenic"Disorders"

•  About"1"in"every"100"people"are"diagnosed"with"schizophrenia."

Symptoms"of"Schizophrenia"

1.  Disorganized"thinking."2.  Disturbed"Percep/ons"3.  Inappropriate"Emo/ons"

and"Ac/ons"

Schizophrenia"Overview"

Disorganized"Thinking"•  The"thinking"of"a"person"with"Schizophrenia"is"fragmented"and"bizarre"and"distorted"with"false"beliefs."

•  Disorganized"thinking"comes"from"a"breakdown"in"selec/ve"a]en/on.X"they"cannot"filter"out"informa/on."

•  Schizophrenic"Alice"

Delusions"(false"beliefs)"

•  Delusions+of+Persecu1on+

•  Delusions+of+Grandeur+

Disturbed+Percep1ons"

•  hallucina1onsX"sensory"experiences"without"sensory"s/mula/on.""

Inappropriate+Emo1ons+and+Ac1ons"

•  Laugh"at"inappropriate"/mes."

•  Flat"Effect""•  Senseless,"compulsive"acts."

•  CatatoniaX"mo/onless"Waxy"Flexibility"

Posi4ve$v.$Nega4ve$Symptoms"

Posi1ve+Symptoms+• Presence"of"inappropriate"symptoms"

Nega1ve+Symptoms+• Absence"of"appropriate"ones."

Types"of"Schizophrenia"

Disorganized"Schizophrenia"

•  disorganized"speech"or"behavior,"or"flat"or"inappropriate"emo/on."

•  Clang"associa/ons""•  "Imagine"the"worst"

Systema/c,"sympathe/c"Quite"pathe/c,"apologe/c,"paramedic"Your"heart"is"prosthe/c""""

Paranoid"Schizophrenia"

•  preoccupa/on"with"delusions"or"hallucina/ons.""

•  Somebody"is"out"to"get"me!!!!"

Catatonic"Schizophrenia"

•  Flat"effect"•  Waxy"Flexibility"

•  parrot"like"repea/ng"of"another�s"speech"and"movements""

Undifferen/ated"Schizophrenia"

•  Many"and"varied"Symptoms."

Other"Disorders"

•  Paraphilias"(pedophilia,"zoophilia,"hybristophilia)"

•  Fe/shism""

•  sadist,"masochist"

•  Ea/ng"Disorders"•  Substance"use"disorders"•  ADHD"

The"Rosenhan"Study"

•  Rosenhan�s"associates"were"Malingering"symptoms"of"hearing"voices."

•  They"were"ALL"admi]ed"for"schizophrenia."

•  None"were"exposed"as"imposters."•  They"all"le?"diagnosed"with"schizophrenia"in"remission."

•  What"are"some"of"the"ques/ons"raised"by"this"study?"""