abnormal psychology
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Unit 13. Module 47 Mr. Ng. Abnormal Psychology. Psychological Disorders. Psychological Disorders : persistently harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions. Behavior is seen as deviant, distressful, and dysfunctional. Deviant : Different from most people - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Module 47Mr. Ng
Abnormal PsychologyUnit 13
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Psychological Disorders• Psychological Disorders: persistently
harmful thoughts, feelings, and actions.• Behavior is seen as deviant,
distressful, and dysfunctional.• Deviant: Different from most people• To be a disorder deviant behavior
must cause the person distress.
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Psychological Disorders• Ancient ways to get rid of
psychological disorders:–Exorcism–Confinement & Beatings–Burnings–Castration–Other brutal “therapies”
Drilling holes to let “evil spirits” escape!
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Psychological Disorders• Medical Model: In 1800s,
psychological disorders were classified as sicknesses and needed to be treated.• Mental Illness (Psychopathy) can be
diagnosed based on their symptoms and cured through therapy.
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Psychological DisordersAttention-Deficit Hyperactivity
Disorder (ADHD)• Inattention – distractibility,
forgetfulness, disorganization.• Hyperactivity – fidgeting,
restlessness, excessive talking.• Impulsivity – difficulty taking turns,
interrupting, blurting out.
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Psychological Disorders• ADHD can cause social, academic,
and work place problems.• Can be treated with drugs, most
commonly with Ritalin. • Is it over diagnosed? Is long term
use of drugs harmful?
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• Currently diagnosed using
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM 5):• Used for classifying
psychological disorders.• Published by American Psychological
Association
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• DSM-5 replaced DSM IV-TR’s old
multi-axis system. Textbook is outdated!
No longer use the 5 axes, but are covered in DSM 5.
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• DSM 5 lists the various disorders (18
areas) including:–Personality disorders–Schizophrenia spectrum–Bipolar disorders–Anxiety disorders–Feeding and Eating disorders–Many more…
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• Critics of DSM 5 say that it labels
people and once we do that, we view that person differently.• Better to study root causes instead
of studying a category.• Labels can cause bias – student
labeled “gifted” or “slow” can effect how teachers and staff treat them.
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Defining Abnormal BehaviorRosenhan Experiment:
• David Rosenhan (1929 – 2012) conducted a study titled “On being sane in insane places”.• Used healthy people to gain
admission to 12 psychiatric hospitals. (Including himself)• Conducted this in 12 different
psychiatric hospitals across country
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• All faked hallucinations.• All were admitted and diagnosed
with psychiatric disorders.• All were told to get released on their
own.• All acted normal after admission and
told staff they felt fine.
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• All were forced to admit to having a
mental illness and to take drugs as a condition of their release.
• Spent an average of 19 days in ‘care’.
• 7 out of 8 were diagnosed with schizophrenia.
• Hospital staff were adamant that they were mentally ill.
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Defining Abnormal BehaviorPart 2
• An angry hospital challenged Rosenhan to send pseudo patients and see if they could detect them.• Out of 193 new patients, the staff
identified 41 as pseudo patients.• Rosenhan sent no one.
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Defining Abnormal Behavior• Conclusions
• Rosenhan concluded “it is clear that we cannot distinguish the sane from the insane in psychiatric hospitals”.• Criticized reliability of psychiatric
diagnosis.• Experiment led to a movement to
reform mental institutions.
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Psychological Disorders• 450 million people worldwide suffer
from psychological disorders.• 1 in 7 Americans suffered a mental
disorder. (1 in 6 in England)• Poverty is a predictor of mental
disorder. • Those below the poverty line are
twice as likely to suffer.
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Serial Killers• Serial Killers: A person who has
murdered three or more people over a period of more than a month, with down time between murders.• Motives are usually based on
psychological gratification.• Not the same as mass murder or
spree killing.