abdominal cavity one

7/30/2019 Abdominal Cavity One

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ANATOMY OF GIT

Abdomen Cavity (1)


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The abdominal wall represents the boundariesof the abdominal cavity. The abdominal wall issplit into the posterior (back), lateral (sides) and

anterior (front) walls. There is a common set of layers covering and

forming all the walls: the deepest being theextraperitoneal fat, the parietal peritoneum, and

a layer offascia which has different names overwhere it covers (eg transversalis, psoas fascia).

Superficial to these, but notpresent in theposterior wall are the three layers of muscle, the

transversus abdominis (tranvserse abdominalmuscle), the internal (obliquus internus) and theexternal oblique (obliquus externus).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraperitoneal_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversus_abdominishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_obliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_obliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_obliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_obliquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transversus_abdominishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parietal_peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraperitoneal_fathttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_cavity


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The Abdominal Wall

The structure of the abdominal wall is

similar in principle to the thoracic wall.There are three layers, an external,

internal and innermost layer. The vessels

and nerves lie between the internal andinnermost layers.

The abdomen can be divided into

quadrants or nine abdominal regions. Painfelt in these regions may be considered to

be direct or referred.


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Layers of anterior abdominal wall

In human anatomy, the layers of the abdominalwall are (from superficial to deep):

Skin

Fascia Camper's fascia - fatty superficial layer

Scarpa's fascia - deep fibrous layer

Muscle External oblique muscle

Internal oblique muscle

Transverse abdominal muscle Fascia transversalis

Peritoneum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anatomyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camper%27s_fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarpa%27s_fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_oblique_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_oblique_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_abdominal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia_transversalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fascia_transversalishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_abdominal_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_oblique_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_oblique_musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarpa%27s_fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camper%27s_fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fasciahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_anatomy


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PERITONEUM

the peritoneum is the serous membrane thatforms the lining of the abdominal cavity it

covers most of the intra-abdominal organs The peritoneum both supports the abdominal

organs and serves as a conduit for theirbloodand lymph vessels and nervesThe peritoneum is

thin membrane that lines the abdominal andpelvic cavities, and covers most abdominalviscera. It is composed of layer of mesotheliumsupported by a thin layer of connective tissue.

Although ultimately one continuous sheet, twotypes of peritoneum are referenced:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_membranehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nerveshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lymphhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloodhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conduithttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_membrane


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Parietal peritoneum is that portion that

lines the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Those cavities are also known as theperitoneal cavity.

Visceral peritoneum covers the external

surfaces of most abdominal organs,including the intestinal tract.


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Layers OF PERITONEUM

The outer layer, called the parietal peritoneum,

is attached to the abdominal wall. The inner layer, the visceral peritoneum, is

wrapped around the internal organs that are

located inside the intraperitoneal cavity.

The potential space between these two layers is

the peritoneal cavity; it is filled with a small

amount (about 50 ml) of slippery serous fluid

that allows the two layers to slide freely overeach other.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneal_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millilitrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serous_fluidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millilitrehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneal_cavityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wall


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Parts Of Peritoneum:

1)MESENTRY:the mesentery is the double layerofperitoneum that suspends thejejunum andileum from the posterior wall of the abdomen. Itsmeaning, however, is frequently extended toinclude double layers of peritoneum connecting

various components of the abdominal cavity.Themesentery proper (i.e. the original definition)refers to the peritoneum responsible forconnecting thejejunum and ileum, parts of thesmall intestine, to the back wall of the abdomen.

Between the two sheets of peritoneum are bloodvessels, lymph vessels, and nerves. This allowsthese parts of the small intestine to moverelatively freely within the abdominopelvic cavity
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdomenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jejunumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneum


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2)OMENTUM:are abdominal structures formed fromperitoneum and structurally similar to mesentery. Thevisceral peritoneum covering the stomach extends onboth sides into large, double-layered sheets that arefilled with prominent patches of fat, giving it a lace-likeappearance. The lesser omentum arises from the lessercurvature of the stomach and extends to the liver. Thegreater omentum is given off from the greater curvatureof the stomach, forms a large sheet. Omentum (fromLatin, meaning "apron") can refer to two differentcomponents of the peritoneum:

greater omentum

lesser omentum that lies over the intestines.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_omentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_omentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesser_omentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_omentumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneum


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GREATER OMENTUM

The greater omentum (also the great omentum,omentum majus , gastrocolic omentum, orepiplon)is a large fold ofperitoneum that hangs down from thestomach, and extends from the stomach to the posteriorabdominal wall after associating with the transversecolon.

Structure

The greater omentum is the largest peritoneal fold. Itconsists of a double sheet ofperitoneum, folded on itselfso that it is made up of four layers.

The two layers which descend from the stomach andcommencement of the duodenum pass in front of the

small intestines, sometimes as low down as the pelvis;they then turn upon themselves, and ascend again as faras the transverse colon, where they separate andenclose that part of the intestine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelvishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_intestinehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdominal_wallhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneum


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These individual layers may be easily demonstrated inthe young subject, but in the adult they are more or lessinseparably blended.

The left border of the greater omentum is continuouswith the gastrolienal ligament; its right border extends asfar as the commencement of the duodenum.

The greater omentum is usually thin, presents a

cribriform appearance, and always contains someadipose tissue, which in obese people accumulates inconsiderable quantity.

Between its two anterior layers, a short distance from thegreater curvature of the stomach, is the anastomosis

between the right and left gastroepiploic vessels. The greater omentum can often be found wrapped

around areas of infection and trauma.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrolienal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribriformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroepiploic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroepiploic_arteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastomosishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adipose_tissuehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cribriformhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrolienal_ligament


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Subdivisions

The greater omentum is often defined to

encompass a variety of structures. Most sourcesinclude the following three:

Gastrocolic ligament - to transverse colon

(occasionally on its own considered

synonymous with "greater omentum Gastrosplenic ligament - to spleen

Gastrophrenic ligament - to thoracic diaphragm

The splenorenal ligament (from the left kidney tothe spleen) is occasionally considered part of

the greater omentum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocolic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrosplenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrophrenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenorenal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidneyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splenorenal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrophrenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spleenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrosplenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transverse_colonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrocolic_ligament


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Lesser omentum:

The lesser omentum (small omentum;

gastrohepatic omentum) is the double layer ofperitoneum that extends from the liverto the

lesser curvature of the stomach and the start of

the duodenum

Structure:

The lesser omentum is extremely thin, and is

continuous with the two layers ofperitoneum

which cover respectively the antero-superior andpostero-inferior surfaces of the stomach and first

part of the duodenum.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duodenumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peritoneum


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Divisions:

Anatomically, the lesser omentum is divided intoligaments, each starting with the prefix "hepato"

to indicate that it connects to the liver at oneend.

Most sources divide it into two parts:[

hepatogastric ligament: the portion connecting to

the lesser curvature of the stomach hepatoduodenal ligament: the portion

connecting to the duodenum

Some sources include additional divisions:

hepatophrenic ligament: the portion connectingto the thoracic diaphragm

hepatoesophageal ligament: the portionconnecting to the esophagus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatogastric_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatoduodenal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatophrenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hepatoesophageal_ligament&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esophagushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hepatoesophageal_ligament&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracic_diaphragmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatophrenic_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatoduodenal_ligamenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatogastric_ligament

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