aappa workshop march 2003 aappa “space revisited” workshop adaptive air conditioning by david...

AAPPA WorkshopMarch 2003

AAPPA “Space Revisited” WorkshopAAPPA “Space Revisited” Workshop

ADAPTIVE AIR CONDITIONINGADAPTIVE AIR CONDITIONING

by by

David Uhlhorn David Uhlhorn

Umow Lai & Associates Pty LtdUmow Lai & Associates Pty Ltd

March 2003March 2003


Adaptive Air ConditioningAdaptive Air ConditioningComfortComfort

ComfortComfort

Occupant satisfactionOccupant satisfaction

Increased productivity Increased productivity



Some parameters affecting comfort we can Some parameters affecting comfort we can control:control:

temperaturetemperature humidityhumidity air speedair speed ventilation rateventilation rate glareglare solar radiationsolar radiation lighting levellighting level colourscolours



Some parameters affecting comfort we may not Some parameters affecting comfort we may not be able to control:be able to control:

external weather conditionsexternal weather conditions clothingclothing relationship with other occupantsrelationship with other occupants odoursodours job satisfactionjob satisfaction moodmood healthhealth



Definition:Definition:

“Thermal Comfort is that condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment”

- American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE)



Comfort conditions in air conditioned buildings:Comfort conditions in air conditioned buildings: ASHRAE Standard 55 “Thermal Environmental

Conditions for Human Occupancy” - satisfies 80% of

sedentary or slightly active persons.



Greater occupant controlGreater occupant control

Greater occupant comfortGreater occupant comfort


Adaptive Air ConditioningAdaptive Air ConditioningComfort with Natural VentilationComfort with Natural Ventilation

Comfort conditions in naturally ventilated Comfort conditions in naturally ventilated buildings:buildings:



Adaptive Comfort Theory - occupants adapt to Adaptive Comfort Theory - occupants adapt to their environment via 3 modes:their environment via 3 modes:

Behavioural - Behavioural - adjustment

Physiological - Physiological - acclimatisation

Psychological - Psychological - habituation and expectation


Adaptive Air ConditioningAdaptive Air Conditioning

Adaptive Air Conditioning:Adaptive Air Conditioning:

natural ventilationnatural ventilation

mechanical air conditioningmechanical air conditioning

Also called hybrid or mixed mode ventilation/air Also called hybrid or mixed mode ventilation/air conditioningconditioning



Adaptive Air Conditioning benefits:Adaptive Air Conditioning benefits:

lower capital costslower capital costs

lower operating costslower operating costs

higher occupant satisfactionhigher occupant satisfaction


Adaptive Air ConditioningAdaptive Air ConditioningPotential for Natural VentilationPotential for Natural Ventilation

Percentage of hours/annum between 15-26 Percentage of hours/annum between 15-26 ooCC% of Total

Hours/Annum

Brisbane 65

Sydney 64

Perth 55

Adelaide 43

Melbourne 37

Canberra 30

Hobart 26

Darwin 25



CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:CSIRO Food Science, Werribee:



The University of Melbourne - Bio21 Molecular The University of Melbourne - Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology InstituteScience and Biotechnology Institute



The University of Melbourne - Bio21The University of Melbourne - Bio21

ATRIUM

OCCUPANT CONTROLLED FAN COIL UNIT IN EACH OFFICE.

OUTDOOR AIR VENTILATION DUCT.



Deakin University, Burwood - Building TDeakin University, Burwood - Building T



Deakin Building TDeakin Building T



Deakin Building T:Deakin Building T:

Construction cost $1,650 per mConstruction cost $1,650 per m22

(cf typical > $2,000 per m(cf typical > $2,000 per m22))

Energy target of 350 MJ per mEnergy target of 350 MJ per m22

(cf typical 450 - 950 MJ per m(cf typical 450 - 950 MJ per m22))

Average internal temperature 23 Average internal temperature 23 ooCC

(Nov 02 - Jan 03)(Nov 02 - Jan 03)



Summary:Summary:

Comfort is a personal thing and best that can Comfort is a personal thing and best that can be expected is 90-95% satisfactionbe expected is 90-95% satisfaction

Occupants of naturally ventilated buildings Occupants of naturally ventilated buildings have lower expectations than occupants of air have lower expectations than occupants of air conditioned buildingsconditioned buildings

Degree of control of the environment has a Degree of control of the environment has a major influence on satisfaction with thermal major influence on satisfaction with thermal conditionsconditions

aappa workshop march 2003 aappa “space revisited” workshop adaptive air conditioning by david...

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