Aamir Ali Mugheri• Faisal Khan Brohi

• Khalil Ahmed Mugheri

• Faraz Ahmed Jamali

• Masroor Ahmed Khaskheli

• Ali Akbar Balouch

Economical Causes And Logical Answers

Flood Effects

Flood Effects

• What is Flood ?

• Advantages and Disadvantages

• The major Floods in the history of Pakistan

• Economical Effects

• Logical Reasoning

• How to manage flood ?

What is Flood ?

A Flood Is An Overflow Of An Expanse Of Water That Submerges

Land

Kinds Of Flood

Floods can also be divided into different categories according to

their location

Coastal Floods

• Coastal floods usually occur along with coastal areas.

• Due to giant tidal waves created by volcanoes and earthquakes.

River Flood

• When the actual amount of river is larger than the river “s capacity.

Urban Flood

• Caused by heavy rains in huge cities.

Flash Floods

• May occur in seconds or minutes due to heavy rain.

• For example :-Recent 2011 flood in Sindh

Advantages Of Flood

• Flooding can bring benefit.

• Making soil more fertile.

• Provides beneficial nutrients to the soil.

• After flood crop grow better.

Disadvantages Of Flood

• Pollution of drinking water.

• Infrastructure damages.

• Economic hardship.

• A lot of diseases spread.

• Short time decline in economy.

The Major Floods in the History ofPakistan

First Flood in 1947

• After few months of independence a flood come in east Pakistan (Bengal)

• Thousand people died due to flood

• 10,000,00 tons of rice destroyed

• Thousands of cattle died

Second flood 1954

• Five million people affected

• Fifty thousand people died

• Dhaka cutted from rest province (Bengal)

• Many diseases spread

3rd Flood of 1970

• 0.5 Million people died

• Four million people affected

• President of Pakistan General Yahya Khan cancelled election

• Doubts increases between east Pakistan and west Pakistan

4th Flood of 2005

• 400 People died

• Badin,Thata ,Sialkot,Hafizabad effected

• People migrated

5th Flood of 2010

• Thousands people died

• Half country was under water

• IMF,USAID,and many other donors helped till 5 months

Economical Effects of flood

• It has negative effect because it destroys the crops.

• Flood effects the infrastructure of country like roads,bridges,railway stations etc

• Pakistan government estimate the damage near 15 billion dollar which is 10 percent of our GDP (Grass Domestic Product)

• Agriculture :-Agriculture includes 25 percent of Pakistan economy and provides employment to 50 percent workers damaged 30 percent at least

• Record decrease in vehicle industry.

• Record increase in Inflation and unemployment

• 1.6 million acres of crop destroyed.

• War against terror impacted.

• 1345 villages destroyed.

• 20 million people lost their own shelters.

• 30 thousands homes ruined.

• Poultry and fish form industry badly damaged.

Logical Reasons of Flood

Reasons of Flood in Pakistan

• Heavy rainfall :-Four months of rainfall has fallen in couple days (July 28-30,2010)

• Climate change

• Fire in Russia:-In July 2010 fire started in Russia. many gases produced.50 Died,2000 homes burnt and 1/3 wheat of Russia burnt.

• Snow melt

Other Reasons Of Flood

• Dam collapse

• Snow melt

• Tsunami caused by under water earthquake.

How to Manage The Flood

• Effective flood risk management is essential to ensure the success.

• There are two ways of managing floods to reduce their impacts.

• 1-Soft Engineering

• 2-Hard Engineering

Hard Engineering

• These are traditional methods of stopping flood and require complicated engineering.

• For example :-

• Making Dams

• Deepen the river

• Make storage area for extra water.

Soft Engineering

• It is balance of how valuable the land is, how many people will be effected.

Forestation

• There are planted near to river.

• It is cheaper source.