aalas continuing education &aalas continuing education...
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Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and FacilitiesUse Program and Facilities
AALAS Continuing Education &AALAS Continuing Education & Professional Development Series
• ALAT Ch. 21 – Rabbits• ALAT Ch 22 – CatsALAT Ch. 22 Cats• LATG Ch. 13 – Common Diseases
Dan Domer, DVM
4/28/10
RabbitsRabbits
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsAmerican Fuzzy Lop
American English Angora
www.arba.net
DutchNetherland Dwarf
American SableTan
American Chinchilla Dwarf Hotot Californian
Flemish Giant LilacFlorida White
Checkered GiantEnglish Lop
PalominoSatin
Silver
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and FacilitiesCinnamon
Rhinelander
RabbitsRabbits
• Oryctolagus cuniculiOryctolagus cuniculi• Breeds
– New Zealand WhiteNew Zealand White– Dutch Belted
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• Uses in researchUses in research– Atherosclerosis
Ophthalmology– Ophthalmology– Antibody production
Cancer models– Cancer models– Infectious disease
Di b t llit– Diabetes mellitus
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• AnatomyAnatomy– Ears
• Vascular• Thermoregulation
– TeethPeg teeth• Peg teeth
• Hypsodont– All teeth grow throughout life
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• AnatomyAnatomy– Skeleton vs. muscle
• Broken backs• Broken backs– Toenails
• Wild vs LaboratoryWild vs. Laboratory– Feces
• PelletsPellets• Night feces
– Vitamin B, protein
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
– “Coprophagy”
RabbitsRabbits
• AnatomyAnatomy– Urine
• Yellow to red-brown• Yellow to red-brown• Cloudy
– Intestinal bacteriaIntestinal bacteria• Transportation
stress• Diet change• antibiotics
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• ReproductionReproduction– Does
• Narrow head• Narrow head• Large dewlap• Sexingg• Induced ovulation
– Bucks• Large head• No dewlap
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
Male
Vent
V t
Female
Vent
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• ReproductionReproduction– Mating
• Doe goes to buck’s cage• Doe goes to buck s cage– Kits
• sexingsexing
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• ReproductionReproduction– Nesting
• Doe pulls her own fur to make a soft, warm bed for kits
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• RestraintRestraint– Watch the BACK and EARS!
Scruff the nape of the neck– Scruff the nape of the neck– Support the hind end
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• RestraintRestraint– Devices
• Restrainers• Restrainers• Restraint bags/cat
bags
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• BehaviorBehavior– Active
Curious– Curious– Chew cage cards
Posture– Posture• Even weight distribution• Stretch when warm• Stretch when warm
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• BehaviorBehavior– Cage protection/aggression
• Foot stomping• Foot stomping• Rearing and charging• Vocalization and urination• Actions to take:
– Toss a towel on the rabbitMi h d 2 d l» Might need a 2nd towel
– Gently take the rabbit from the cage
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• Signs of pain distress illnessSigns of pain, distress, illness– Subtle (prey animal)
Anorexia– Anorexia– Lethargy
Tooth grinding– Tooth grinding– Vocalizations
P l b– Pale mucous membranes
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• HusbandryHusbandry– 61˚-72 ˚F
• Less fur shedding• Less fur shedding– Air filters– Room cleaning– Hairballs
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• HusbandryHusbandry– Single housing
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• HusbandryHusbandry– Group housing for females or juvenile
malesmales
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• HusbandryHusbandry– Change pans under cages 3+/week
• Dried minerals “urine scale"• Dried minerals urine scale– Clean racks every 1-2 weeks
Monitor urine and feces– Monitor urine and feces– Dump old feed before adding new feed
Feed according to rabbits’ weights– Feed according to rabbits weights
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• HusbandryHusbandry– Diet
• pelleted feed• Fiber -- hay
– WaterIf the don’t drink the don’t eat• If they don’t drink, they don’t eat
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• Enrichment!Enrichment!– Carrots, kale, broccoli, other vegetables,
fruitfruit
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• Enrichment!Enrichment!– Plastic balls
Metal pendants on chains– Metal pendants on chains– Nylon chew bones
Group housing– Group housing
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• DiseasesDiseases– Pasteurellosis
• Pasteurella multocida• Pasteurella multocida• Common• Some rabbits are carriers• Spread by aerosol or contact
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• DiseasesDiseases– Pasteurellosis
• Symptoms– Discharge from nose &
eyes– Head tilt– Genital infection– Abscess
• Antibiotic success may be limited
• Prevention– Buy from Pasteurella-free
d
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
vendors
RabbitsRabbits
• DiseasesDiseases– Trichobezoar (hairball)
• Common usually asymptomatic• Common, usually asymptomatic• Cause
– too much grooming, not enough fiber?
• If causes obstruction, results in:– Anorexia
Depression– Depression– Possible death from starvation and metabolic
disturbance
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• DiseasesDiseases– Trichobezoar
• Treatment• Treatment– Mineral oil– Laxative– Roughage (fiber)– Surgery
• PreventionPrevention– More fiber
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
RabbitsRabbits
• DiseasesDiseases– Ectoparasites
• Ear mites• Ear mites– Psoroptes cuniculi
• Fleas• Fur mites
– Cheyletiella parasitovoraxListrophorus gibbus– Listrophorus gibbus
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: In a rabbit what is the mostQ: In a rabbit, what is the most common injury related to poor restraint?restraint?
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: In a rabbit what is the mostQ: In a rabbit, what is the most common injury related to poor restraint?restraint?
A A b k b k ( t th 6th d 7th• A: A broken back (at the 6th and 7th
lumbar vertebrae)
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: Which of the following is NOTQ: Which of the following is NOT associated with Pasteurellosis?
A head tilt– A. head tilt– B. nose discharge
C lameness– C. lameness– D. genital discharge
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: Which of the following is NOTQ: Which of the following is NOT associated with Pasteurellosis?
A head tilt– A. head tilt– B. nose discharge
C lameness– C. lameness– D. genital discharge
A• A:– C. lameness
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
Cats (Felis cattus)Cats (Felis cattus)
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• AnatomyAnatomy– Muscular
Agile– Agile
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• AnatomyAnatomy– Retractable
clawsclaws– Purring– Male urine odor– Male urine odor
• May persist after neuteringg
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• ReproductionReproduction– Tom
• Penis scrotum• Penis, scrotum– Queen
• VulvaVulva• Polyestrous• Induced ovulation
– Kittens• Anogenital distance
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• ReproductionReproduction– Mating
• Paired• Paired• Harem
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• ReproductionReproduction– Neuter or Spay if not breeding
• Decreased• Decreased– Spraying urine– Aggressiveness– Unwanted pregnancy– Pyometra
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• RestraintRestraint– Reassurance
• Be slow and gentle• Be slow and gentle• Acclimation can help
– Minimal restraint can be bestMinimal restraint can be best• Depends on the procedure• Assess the cat
– If agitated, may be best to wait
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• Cat bitesCat bites– Long, narrow teeth +
bacteria = infectionbacteria infection– The wound
• Clean immediatelyClean immediately• Get medical treatment
immediately
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• RestraintRestraint– Use the scruff
Lift cat while supporting hind end with– Lift cat while supporting hind end with other hand
– Gradually hold hindlimbs with thumb– Gradually hold hindlimbs with thumb and middle finger, with index finger in between
– Hold upright, facing away
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• RestraintRestraint
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• RestraintRestraint– Carrying
• Hold scruff with one hand• Hold scruff with one hand• Support cat’s chest and hind end with other
hand and arm• Hold against your hip by using elbow• Heavy gloves may be necessary for
ti tuncooperative cats• Towels can help!
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• RestraintRestraint– Canvas or Nylon bags
• zippered• zippered
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• BehaviorBehavior– Consistency is important
• People• People• Surroundings
– Fearful catsFearful cats• Crouching in back of cage• Ears pinned backp• Caution!
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• Signs of pain distress or illnessSigns of pain, distress, or illness– Unusually quiet
Stiff posture– Stiff posture– Cry, growl, hiss
Isolation from group– Isolation from group– Hunched posture
Li i– Limping– CAUTION!
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• HusbandryHusbandry– Cages
• Resting board• Litter pan
– Group housing• Various resting areas• Various resting areas• Depends on personality
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• HusbandryHusbandry– Litter pans
• Clean daily• Clean daily• May need more if urinating outside pan• Check the urine in or out of the box
– Blood? (may be infected)– Is urine present? (male obstruction)
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• DietDiet– Cats are finicky
• Variety is good• Variety is good– Flavor– Texture
– Moisture content• Dry (10-12% moisture)• Semi-moist (20-25% moisture)• Canned (70-78% moisture)
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• WaterWater– Open bowls (most common)
• Clean daily• Clean daily– Other options
• BottleBottle• Automatic water system
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• Enrichment!Enrichment!– Platforms
Shelves– Shelves– Ropes
Climbing poles– Climbing poles– Scratching
postsposts– Toys
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• Enrichment!Enrichment!– Socialized, group-housed cats
• They enjoy the socialized life• They enjoy the socialized life– Individually-housed cats
• Should still see/hear/smell other catsShould still see/hear/smell other cats
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
CatsCats
• DiseasesDiseases– Otitis Externa
• Symptoms– Head shaking– Scratching/rubbing– Ear wax
• Causes– Mites– Bacteria– Yeast
• Treatment– Clean
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
– Medicate
CatsCats
• DiseasesDiseases– Feline respiratory
complex• Symptoms
– Sneezing– Rhinitis– Conjunctivitis– Oral ulceration
• Most common causes (80-90%)
– Feline herpesvirus (viral rhinotracheitis)
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
– Feline calicivirus
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: True or False?Q: True or False?– Cats respond best when approached
gradually and gentlygradually and gently.
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: True or False?Q: True or False?– Cats respond best when approached
gradually and gentlygradually and gently.• A: True.
Gradual approach and gentle handling– Gradual approach and gentle handling, especially by a familiar person, can help things go smoothlythings go smoothly.
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: True or False?Q: True or False?– Cat urine output should be checked
twice weeklytwice weekly.
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
QuestionsQuestions
• Q: True or False?Q: True or False?– Cat urine output should be checked
twice weeklytwice weekly.• A: False.
It’s important to check urine daily for– It s important to check urine daily for detection of possible infection or obstructionobstruction.
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities
The EndThe End
Laboratory Animal Care and Use Program and Facilities