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8 ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ f l l ~ ~ $ ~ ~ ~ ~ 2 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ a " ~ ~ ~ b ~ ~ ~ d ~ ~ L ' ~ f l n " i ~ ~ w " ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ 9 % ~ i d i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i 9 d ~ L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a d d

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8~~~am$au~dudsin~~fiubcpiu%m~u Willam Vogt ~ ~ b ~ u u n ~ ~ 8 a ~ e ~ n u w 7 9 ~ d ~ n a i u a ~ s a m (Road to

Survival) &JTUSA.FI. 1948 ~~a~1~d5:a7%u1~m5:~~n~9~@~7~un7s1$w?~uinsbba:5ssu"117d bbaz I

wans:wuC(s:aiinauun'uPd,w&bbazszuu~aafl dauilu?? n.R.1962 Rachel Carson l ~ b i u u H ~ 9 8 a k a 9 ,d c.

q~lulal'waw~~uuan91 (Silent spring13 l m ~ l G n 6 i a ~ ~ n i s w " i a i u ~ z u u G 0 ~ ~ u ~ 8 u ~ a u i ~ ~ n n i ~ w " w u ~ ~ma1~nssuaa:~nuinisa;~"u~~daei79aim~md7~n~uia9d9bbam~au i iu msI$u7pi7auau<7wan~~?"1109

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adu n7s~iim~uae~a'~89aaam$auTan (Earth Day) bau6'u ua:n~nn$~a~aw7:luda93 n.fl.1960 ~Su6uu7 r n 1 u w u i u i u l u m s ~ o l s ~ 6 ~ ~ a z w ~ n ~ u n ~ ~ a ~ ? n d ~ ~ ~ ~ a m ~ a u luin'al-1~iimrns~d~uu~bda~lua%~na7u?m $7u8sbnm$auid7~@biimdu 2 n t 9 ~ a (d<"~1, 2541)

2' nisa~~iuu~rdas~"flun~ ~ s 1 n ~ a u ~ u s i a 9 ~ 1 ~ 1 u w ~ a ~ s w i 1960 ~ a a z ~ u w ~ a r s w i 1970 i a8u

. d a ~ ~ u i u i e l s z ~ w ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ? m n a ~ u ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ d ~ l m w 1 ~ ~ ~ s w ~ ~ ~ l m u a ~ d u ~ 1 u w ? ~ u 1 n s ~ ~ s u a i d ~ a a z 8 9 ~ ~ ~ $ ~ ~ w " 8 ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 7 b ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ b ~ $ ~ ~ d 7 ~ @ ~ ~ U "IIolZLn"FJ?hd@m

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~~d,w&~~azs:uu2aaflTmusau n75bd~fl~db'd~Fl~7u~9%J b ~ ~ 8 ~ % ~ d d ~ 7 f l ~ f l 3 ~ 5 ~ i 1980 LI,~:GUO~VJ~S'~~~ 1990 b ~ ~ d n l 3 ~ % ~ 7 ~

d & 4 biuan"ud@n7ib~i~~nii"nisw"wuiwu9uu~~ (Sustainable Development) i991n57u97u d b~a~ouinm<au6~"1109bs1 "Our Common Future " aas WCED (World Commission on

Environmental Development) n4aC/Gun~~azf~njnnuniul$da Brundtland Report lmlg d&,

n n u n u ~ u ~ ~ n i s w " w u i w u ~ u u ~ u i u ~ ~ n i ~ w " w u ~ w " ~ ~ m a u a u a ~ d a n a i u $ a ~ n ~ s ~ u ~ i u a ~ ~ ds:a7auluJuplju Imu~ld~~ln~amalun~sod'1wf~uinsu~l$aa~nuj~dauinm$a~~~b3u~d~~ n ' i a l u m ~ d ~ l v m u ~ ~ n ~ s w " w u 1 w " ~ w ' ~ ~ ? u u a ~ a z a u ~ a s z n a ' i ~ n i s ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ d u T m w i ~ ~ ~ s w ~ i i ~ na-~ubauamnmu%nu ~mzrnsa~?n68a,om$au (ECO, 2ooa)

n1s~d~suuda~na7u?m~iu~~a~am$auw"~aa9~l~~ ~u i~~aaud~G~lun~~w"wu~s:uuna~u~m d d o . d 2'

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a u a u n ~ s ~ n $ a u l ~ a G i u ~ ~ ~ ~ a m $ a u w " ~ a m n d ~ ~ v ~ i n ~ a ~ u l u ~ ~ ~ u d s z a i n ~ u l $ n a ~ u ~ ~ m n d i ~ ~ a i n ~ a i u

Peppers (1996, g i ~ ~ l u u ~ ~~a=?cgty 2543) 1G~bei~ns~~a~aiu~m8~bbam~ouaanb8uaa9~aw~n thaw Guniina7u?mnsz~~an$na~a:naiu?md9a~am$au i~a1u7snad?uu~?uuTmu47bbuna8uG7u 7 G&

" nisnh~idu~~n'~nwvniun~inainismdun'an'7u$~~i?n$au~?a$iui~u~~ndns~~ui~au~ui~a~~~ii?navaniau~~ni~o~u~u$un"~u~n~u d~~i?aidiwn=tiauww"7dCni~uuiiazCnn"~nssnn"s~s.tn'n"lud~ii~oa%u~unbu 7 ~i~vbwa6anisnsz~uiGauii~plansznun"lu~~u~n~ajju 16u John Muir Henry, David Thoreau, Aldo Leopold w?a Gifford Pinchot ~ w u i u i n s m s ~ n ' a ~ i ~ ~ n d i ~ n ~ a ~ n i s a ~ ? f l & i a z n i s I~v?w"wuinsoh~aisyiaaio

n i s ~ ~ e i s n a 7 u 6 m a a n ~ ~ u n s z ~ a a ~ ~ n t a a z n s z ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ a m ~ a u ai~"tiulP;Yua~~~uniw"~~a~naiuGm m&a7riud~mm~aub~uu~ms~Giu1k~m aduamz1~uaiiunsz~ba~~~bama"a~w"16wuiuiuluniswaunsz~~a nauIgfirnuuuaknsz~aangnaiEu 6wuiiinnuumnd~~mulAnaiuGm nuudauazuuuauhu$9b~am$au

Willenburg (1993) ~ ~ ~ k ~ ~ d ~ " 1 1 a u n i s ~ n ~ a u 1 n a k i u ~ ~ ~ ~ a m ~ a u a a n ~ ~ u 2 b ~ u a ~ i ~ ~ i u % ~ n a i u ~ ~ m n ~ i ~ &uIanv%u' d%qi uarnqadn'auuarnui9~~am~a~5uu (Environmentalism) n ~ a 5 ~ ~ f l i n u i ~ u a ~ u

(Shallow Ecology) ~ ~ r ~ u n i s ~ ~ n n ~ ~ d n i s b b n ~ " 1 1 d q w 1 i ~ b ~ a m ~ a u ~ u s z u z d u ~ ~ a b ~ w i z n ~ 7 Imulu'aGild

~ i w i u w ~ a n i s b d ~ u u u d a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ d i u i ' ~ k ~ u ~ f l ~ ~ ~ n " 9 &nu nisa~asnszuanh w3anin9zaraduds a j i d i ~ q ~ b b u m i ~ ~ ~ 9 n 9 ~ m ~ a u Y a i b ~ u d ~ i n ~ i 9 0 ~ ~ u b a ~~lzbb~?VIIqPofl?wuih (Ecologism) n?a

c.4 8: (Deep Ecology) ~~mq6imu1udu<aaiiqszuuGm szuuqm6~8hsus$u~~winaiu$%~w"ud~baznaiu

i 7 m ~ ~ h h ~ a ~ d ~ u a m ~ a u &if &'

aauawi~i9mn~au~uar (Environmentalism) w~o~ner?wuiuuamu (Shallow Ecology) ui9 nquai9dunhn~a8~iiuaiau ~ualmaun~u~ua~uus7n~iu"11a~na7uGm~~uud~~dszuu

8bfIuai ~ m u ~ ~ u ~ m n ~ m s ~ w u i s r u u ? w u ~ e r i a m ~ ~ ~ a z ~ w m ~ u ~ a ~ w " ~ ~ ~ a z ~ d s z 3 w " 5 s l ~ w ~ ~ z l i i l~~nisun%/ imms~qni~u~nnrisula' auamuku~ui l iunia~1~.9 '4~uia~uuia~d~9

d ilqmduunmgaulnn~u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ d ~ ~ i ~ l ~ i ~ ~ w " 9 ~ d ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ $ 9 ~ ~ w " b ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P . 9 ' w " ~ ~ i aamngas<unsza~a?nqmw795aafllG ~du nisliiw~nnis{iauasliaz~9u{.Qiu (Polluter Pays

Principle ; PPP) nis~iuimsnisG~~uuaznauquuild (Command and Control ; CC) ui % d ~ d u n i s l d ~ n ~ a ~ i a w i ~ ~ e r s w ~ ~ i a m ~ u n i s d ~ ~ a ~ u ~ ~ a z 4 n a i ~ ~ ~ ~ a m ~ a u 1ajii9z~bunis~6u

niddqbaamgau msbfiu6ib;ssub~uu~unisn'auaniaz (Environmental Charge) n7sb6uii assub8ua~ein~ldm~mw"w"n'auaniaz (Product Charge) nisoann~~uiubWdan"i~umuims~iu

rnuqu$anmtYau nisiiuua~un~siihu<auwi~nis~ia~aa~ds~aiaulunis6m3ul~lu5~nssu d

w ~ ~ ~ n s ~ n i s w a i e ~ z d ~ ~ a n s z w u d a d s z " t l i " t l u ~ ~ a z $ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ u d i u n a ~ n w i ~ n i s ~ i a ~ ~ ~ u u d n ~ nis

a i i ~ ~ m r i i i i n i a u d u ~ ~ a m ~ a u I m u I d ~ w b ; ~ i a m ~ 6 R ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w ~ I ~ I ~ W & ~ ~ ~ P . ~ ' ~ ~ U I R ~ L ~ ~

u i ~ w ~ s 5 ~ ~ a n ~ i a < u i ~ ~ 5 u u I u u i u ~ ~ ~ a d q n i G i u d ~ ~ ~ a m ~ a u ~ 9 u k uuawiqtibaer?wui$uu (Ecologism) (Deep Ecology) uiqn+d dunii ntjub%uaufi

n ~ u & m i u d a ~ u ~ i u a ~ u u ~ ~ n n i s 8 ~ i d q ~ i ~ b a e r ? w u i 1 u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ n " u a w " u ~ b a z ~ b ~ n ~ ~ a a n

~ u J q m m u ~ n s w ~ 2 ~ b ~ a z n i s ~ i a ~ k ~ u ~ z ~ m ' i l q m ~ u u a m d a u ~ k < i ~ ~ u w " ~ r i a ~ d ~ a ' 3 sinpwszuu?im szuurersw~n'snis~ias~~az~wub;ssunau~n"u1dGa"aao~aii~nisidau~au aaudszmau uazauauh~dulunis13ulu~~uan"u~~~~am~au uau4ui)w"5aaq;uaulums

~mnisw?wuinsuaz$qb~am~au ~9uiYu

level of abstraction I /

I metaphysics ethics

political

reat world

BlOCENfRlSM ,- -ANTHROPOCENTRlSM

1 '. I 1 \ dark green lighter green 'g?'

philosophy and theory

4 / 4 I deep ecology shallow ecdogy or emtogism or environmentalism

b 1

d wui : Willenburg, 1993.

I

' qnan7ansd 7 R 7n761-i Reuse, Recycle, Recall, Refill, Reject, Repair, Rethink

New Social Movements , I

I Political Parties ,

- diminishing importance of green ideas -

d.7 : a~duat.Puda9mn Willenburg 1993 ; Bryant and Bailey, 1997.

2 ~tuamsn$nuazwu~uiu.tia~~~~uw"wi~naiu?mn"ua~

maam~aa7fimiu L L ~ o ~ " u ~ ~ ~ L L ~ w w ~ ~ = ~ w W " 1970 L ~ I U ~ U U I e r ~ a w + i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a z i ~ w ~ ~ a ~ i ~ n a i u ~ m i a n i ~ d

~naau1watAa?n~~7d~~~amBaufiZa~~ua8m~dunii~~aer~wuin~'a:1ia (Political ~co logy) buia~ua?m ~ a a n ~ u u (Ecologism) a~ugiun?di~quo9~n~au~na

3.1 n i 5 ~ a G a u a ~ ~ ~ u a ? m 3 ~ a ~ 4 w u i n i s ~ i a ~ i i n ~ i n ~ i n i ~ 9 s ~ n ' a h d u ~ i n n i ~ w ' i w i u n ~ ~ u a u w " e r ~ ~ u g i u u a ~ ~ z u u d ~ n u d ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ? u ~ m

d 4' uisinqnuma<iua~~dq~i5 (Enlightenment) ddnaiubaaw y iu~~uYw~b~uuiu%zmin~suua~mu~a~ uy~h~il~aazl&vl~waluni~4mni~n"uYn~sn,naii~~$ nriiagnriundufiiia uyail$wiimtpnaiu8m r n 1 u d a w " h u ~ v t i ~ 3 u ~ ~ g n 6 a ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ n i a $ ~ ~ u l m l u 4 n ~ a i a uyutiaimsnw5snwnTuTa~6i~~w"aaiuisn ~aiauzsssua7~ln' ~azu~ukau~uua: i~s~~ua~?u~a.a 'd~z~uau"%$u~ni~m (d5za1, 2541) d9uua~md gnd j ~ a s ~ i n ~ u a u m ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ a m B a u u u a ~ n ~ i n u ~ m s ~ i l ' a ~ ~wsiz t~ui iuyau'~~u~w"u9a8113nn~~1an s,suai?inainnaiu niiuu-nu $uri~imnna3niinadiluia~a~ 1~~iii~ad~~ilwiziaGa81~wti~~1~u 5au & ~ 1 5 d ~ b a 8 ? ~ u i m ~ ~ ~ b b p ~ U n a 1 n ~wnr~Gu~tf ium~~aa~~iet -a iu~~ber '~1b~un-Qiauua9~~nu snerinui

4' n i s b ~ e ~ ~ ~ % $ n a i u d ~ ~ q n " ~ n i ~ ~ a a a ~ ~ i a ~ 6 n a ~ u ~ b b u u a ~ 6 s a u uuwu~iuaasni~dszqn6qadi qGdtyyi $ u ~ i u / h ~ 6 u iwuss.ju;uau nisiihuhuua-rquauw"a~6u l$~nuizau ~amnBa~iiUqnaUYUaiiq~3u ysain~rmul6diatyuuu~od"uss~uai3 (Biocentrisrn) d~iniiniiigqatj 4 d=izmsZa (1) uauiisywd 1 ~ u d u ~ n ' u a t i u a s s w 8 ~ ~ 9 ~ a i u 1 u ~ a n s ~ ~ u % i ? ~~uaui~nusuiiuTanda~<aun"uIu~szainuua9~ssu"tli~ (2) 5auC~a~mo9lans~~uai? duszup1~~3uiiaud5znau~~num ~%auT~tiu~uaiulu aEii9Gmuim1aj1$

2 ~mua$n i i$unbdqq~ (Enlightenment) 6n~nnutl~zu~mana55wn" I 7 uiounaaoflna~zwnd 18 &$Bm66a$aiim6~diun/i&d;bugnnd nszr;irlN'uywu'Muuiaulodnwima7ufo'~uni~ 7 n'?unszu7un?sni~?'nuiaiam5' w?a'aa~ni5uk?'nu~aiani (Scientific Method) uu n a ~ u ~ $ a u i u n " d i y 4 tlsznisiia ( I ) auteilnw7uywulu97uznd~8un'maTan 1rJ'nnisdnr~~uuan7au7 r~sztGui7na7ul$ani~a7aw ~d;bu$$n"n'nu?i$s~iu~o~yn~anu~~a~kmu (2) ~maiu~$aduwua ~ $ a j i ~ n ? u a ~ a ~ ~ u ~ n $ ~ ~ n a ~ i i $ yndnngn75d uah$ 7 wdln'm$u urauuio?n dyninri$ 7dauun?n'n'au?'~ni5~6M'$tn?ua ( 3 ) 6~adumaiu~~~z%uu'~a$i$m~i~ 7 6th nFvvd3u n?yjjYnd~ah$am n" nui~nfiad~z~uau~~in'nu"u~~fi~?'n~ii&mir (4 ) ~ a ~ h a n t ~ ~ i d ~ '6az6daiutu~h6a~ 6j;Ui7dyn?h$ 7 lubantdd;d;bu#~n"aiui5n~~n7~1m' 6~57z~u'Z&n^no7n6iuio~n~u 66nid;bu~dn7udnngn7sM'ni~~55umm^ ~ m ~ ~ u ~ $ a ~ u ~ ~ a ~ ~ u ^ ~ o ~ u m ~ i u ~ ~ u u ~ w d uywhu75nun%gwi n i ~ l n i a ~ fnuZrjm'a~~~winiuuan

8: nis6iaiudadmdau~d~~aii~~unisw"iaiuszuunaiu8uw'u5"~~aznis6i~iuw~~um (3) udazdaudsznau szu'~ukaisZimusumu~aq aazu'mszi isua.rmu~unis~~aa~~inaiu~a uywu?~u'3w~w"~z~dw"iaiu~"am uaznaiuauaauasswFi9lu1an~ Kaz (4) asswri.i<~naiuluTansssu"tli5 (uyrd iawsstu ii.541 l a y ) oii~~~~u~wdautiuuuw"u~iuaa~naiu~auanin di~yiknriia~~auw"iuwuiwa"i~y~unis~euui~~azn'a~el 7 m r i i i r n d ~ ~ a ~ a n i s i n r i 6 ~ ~ ~ a m a " ~ u ~ ~ a z ~ ~ u ~ a i a u ~ ~ w " ~ z n s z ~ u ~ ~ a u i i msnszviiln 7 a a u u y r i q z l s i i n i s n ~ u 8 m b b a z ~ i ~ ~ ~ i ~ z d ~ w a n s ~ w u d a ~ a n s ~ s u % i ~ a ~ i ~ ~ s (d<%i, 2542)

3.2 n ~ i n n i s ~ a z ~ w s ~ i a m < n i s ~ ~ i a u I n a d d auaunisLnadau~~a6lui~bbam~auaa9~Lafl~bafl"awuinisLia~~6~inumn~nnisLw aadu

d d ~ ~ D ~ b L ~ ~ W l 9 L b ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ L % ~ W ~ ~ l ~ ~ 2 1 D 9 " I I ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ 4 d5zfl14ZEl

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%~?nqmaer%a. f i w ~ i {asqa, U S T ~ M I ~ ~ I ~ . n q ~ ~ w w 0 1 : Pai%~~~nPdd. . 2541. G ~ a n b n ~ w ~ n 7 a m + ~ ~ a z G ~ a n 3 ~ ~ 7 n ~ s ~ i e 9 . nqaww01 : p~ia9n5t;M"uni?waig~.

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nci 66-72. 6 ~ 4 9 6 ~wmd5z~a35, VSSNI~~IT. ~ ~ S L W W - I : ~aG8ubw5a. flfl 8dmild~% bba:~?qql % ~ a . 2543. " ~ ~ I W L ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ B ] ~ U B J % ~ ~ " ~ ~ ~ J ~ M U ~ ~ , 12(2),

H ~ I 161-209.

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Pepper, D. 1996. Modernism : An Introduction. London : Routledge. $19i%%uflfl dum~ufi~ bbaz

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Wissenburg, M. 1993. "Idea of Nature and The Nature OF Distributive Justice" in The Politics of

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