บทนำไทยศึกษา preface to thai studies · thai studies: to provide the...
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This is Thai Studies
TalkHi!
Welcome to 01999032
Thai Studies
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What’s Thai Studies?
Thai Studies is a general education course.
GE ศกษาท วไป
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What is General Education or GE?
What is the difference between GE courses and other courses ?
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The components of an undergraduate education, the core curriculum,
include the major, in which the student acquires depth of knowledge, electives that allow a student to explore personal or
career-related interests, and General Education (GE).
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General Education usually consists of a set number of classes in various subjects from the
categories of Arts and Letters, Social Science, and Math and Science. These courses will enrich your
understanding of the diversity of human experience so that you may approach your major
with a wider world view.Portland Community College
Regardless of the choice of the major, there is a broad range of knowledge,
abilities, predispositions and attitudes that we expect of a university graduate,
collectively serving as the hallmark of higher education.
National University of Singapore
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The goal of General Education (GE) coursework is to give you a broad sampling of different academic areas.
This sampling exposes you to varied disciplines, increasing the value and breadth of your total undergraduate education.
G.E. coursework allows you to discover new interests that may open a whole new range of opportunities for further study or career choice.
California State U.
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General Education allows students to develop competency in academic skills that are essential to all academic majors.
In addition, General Education offers students broad knowledge beyond
the focus of the major, as well as exposure to the rich diversity of the human
experience.
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.
We expect well-trained scientists, doctors,
historians, economists, engineers, and lawyers to perform well in their domains of specialization and to be able to continue learning,
.
but we expect well-educated scientists, doctors, historians, engineers,
economists, and lawyers to have the capacity to engage in inquiry outside their own spheres, participate in controversies of general interest, have the academic literacy to read The Economist, Scientific American, and The Times Literary Supplement with critical understanding, hold an informed discussion with other educated peoplefrom various cultural backgrounds, and be able to critically evaluate the assertions in newspaper articles.
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Baccalaureate CoreOregon State
University
Group RequirementsUniversity of Oregon
University Studies Portland State
University
…Each school has different requirements and minimum number of credits needed to complete GE.
Sources: websites of - California State U. - National University of SIngapore- Portland Community College
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At . , each curriculum requires about 30 credits of GE courses in different areas.
And Thai Studies, which is one among them,
is grouped in the humanities area.
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The objective of Thai Studies:
To provide the students with an insight into the background
of Thai society as well as an opportunity to appreciate the value of its art, culture,
and tradition, which will enable them to become well-rounded personalities who can live happily with others with dignity
and proper pride of themselves.
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Thai Studiesenable the students
to appreciate the value of its art, culture, and tradition and
to become well-rounded personalities via
Lectures, co-operative learning, discussion, independent study,
presentation, field trips, & learning through fundamental research
and analytical process.
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Let’s spend some 15 mins. dicussing what Thai Studies is like
Pls. study our course syllabus.
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Sects.410 (Fri 9-12 a.m.), 415 (Fri 1-4 p.m.)Weeks topics problems? solutions
1 Official holiday – class cancelled
2 intro.
3 pre-history
4 history I & II
5 religions
6 language
7 Thai Studies Proj. proposal presentation (teamwork)
8 Midterm Exam Sun 25 Sept. 09-11 a.m.
Our quest lecturers
can come ONLY on
weekends!or between
4-7 weekdays.
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Sects.410 (Fri 9-12 a.m.), 415 (Fri 1-4 p.m.)Weeks topics problems? solutions
9 literature
10 art
11-12 class cancelled
13 music
14 folk culture+ trip: Sat 12 OR Sun 13 Nov.
15 Thai society in 3Ds
16 Thai Studies Proj. presentation(teamwork)
17 course revision
18 course conclusion
Final Exam on Sun 18 Dec. 09-11 a.m.
Class postponed to Fri 4 Nov. 4-7 p.m.
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Sect.410 members:Let’s make sure that we share the same understanding about what we’ll do together this semester.
1. Made-up schedule for history / religion classes :history classes : Sun 4 Sept. 9-12 a.m. (history I)
1-4 p.m. (history II)religion class : Sun 11 Sept. 9-12 a.m.
2. Trip : Sun 13 Nov. 7 a.m. – 6 p.m.
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Sect.415 members:Let’s make sure that we share the same understanding about what we’ll do together this semester.
1. Made-up schedule for history / religion classes :religion class : Sat 27 Aug. 9-12 a.m.
history classes : Sat 3 Sept. 9-12 a.m. (history I)1-4 p.m. (history II)
2. Trip : Sat 12 Nov. 7 a.m. – 6 p.m.
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How to get best/good grades:
Total score 100:Mid-term (20)
+ Final (20)Teamwork
report/project (40)
Participation (10)
Do your best on your own!
Get a good team
No less than 80% participation
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P’ MookTA for Sects.410,
415 & 450
FYIDr. KRITTAYA081-905-6076Thai Studies Chairperson
P’NingTA for Sect.480
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Wanna NawigamuneThai Studies co-ordinator for international/English program sects.
Office:
Integrated General Education Division,
6th Floor of Rapee Sagarik Building
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Thai Studies
is about to begin!
• นสตรจกประเทศไทย/ บานเกดเมองนอนของตนเอง วาอยางไรบาง
What do you know about
Thailand / your homeland ?
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• What do you know
about
Thailand ? What do you know
about ASEAN?
What about
Sundaland?
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It’s time to check – it’s time to do a pre-test!
10 mins.
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บทน ำไทยศกษำ
ประเทศไทย: จำกซนดำถงอำเซยน Preface to Thai Studies
Thailand:
from Sundaland to ASEAN
ผบรรยำย: อ. วรรณำ นำวกมล
Lecturer: Wanna Nawigamune
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Thailand:
from Sundaland to ASEAN
..and what’s in between
past & present
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Do you know the fact that, Thailand, and other ASEAN members used to be “ONE” whole region?
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Besides, the Thais and the populations of other ASEAN countries are likely to share the same origin. Do you know?
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Previously, humans were believed to have migrated southward,
from the East Asia mainland to Taiwan and then to the rest of Maritime Southeast Asia.
However, recent findings point to the submerged Sundaland as the probable cradle
of Asian population: thus the "Out of Sundaland" theory.
So, what’s Sundaland?
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Sundaland (also called the Sundaic region) is a biogeographical region
of Southeastern Asia which encompasses the Sunda shelf, the part of the
Asian continental shelf that was exposed during the last glacial period of
the Pleistocene, from approximately 110,000 to 12,000 years ago.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sundaland
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Sites of Đông Sơn type drum findingshttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C3%B4ng_S%C6%A1n_drums#/media/
File:Dong_Son_bronze_drums.JPG
An example of something we shared.
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Đông Sơn drums are bronze drumsfabricated by the Đông Sơn culture
in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam. The drums were produced from about
600 BCE or earlier until the third century CE
and are one of the culture's finest examples of metalworking.
Đông Sơn drums were apparently both musical instruments and cult objects. They are decorated with geometric patterns, scenes of daily life and
war, animals and birds, and boats. The latter alludes to the importance of trade to the culture in which they were made, and the drums themselves
became objects of trade and heirlooms.
More than 200 have been found, across an area from eastern Indonesia to Vietnam and
parts of Southern China.
By Source (WP:NFCC#4), Fair use, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?curid=41266398
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One more example of somethingwe shared.
http://www.pecad.fas.usda.gov/highlights/2015/06/Southeast_Asia/Index.htm
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Based on archaeological evidence, rice was believed to have first been
domesticated in the region of the Yangtze River valley in China.
…Soon afterwards the two major varieties of indica and japonica rice were being grown in Central China. In the late 3rd
millennium BC, there was a rapid expansion of rice cultivation into
mainland Southeast Asia and westwards across India and Nepal.
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Thailand:
from Sundaland to ASEAN
..and what’s in between
let’s focus on what happened here!
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เราจะรวมกนเดนทางยอนหลงกลบไป ส...สมยกอนประวตศาสตร และสมยประวตศาสตร
เพอท าความเขาใจความเปนมาของประเทศไทย/คนไทยใหดข น
We’re now tracing back to the prehistoric and earlier historic phases
so as to understand better the background of THAILAND and its people.
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“สมยกอนประวตศาสตร” หมายถงสมยทไมมหลกฐานทเปนลายลกษณอกษรใหอางอง
“Pre-historic period”
refers to the period
about which there is no written evidence
to rely upon.
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ภาพบนปกหนงสอ “ประเทศไทยสมยกอนประวตศาสตร”โดย ดร.ชารลส ไฮแอม และ ดร. รชน ทศรตน ชวยให นสตสามารถบอกไดหรอไมวาหลกฐานทนกวชาการใช
อางองเพออธบายวถชวตของมนษยสมยกอนประวตศาสตรไดแกอะไรบาง
Does the illustration of
the cover of “Prehistoric
Thailand” by Dr.Charles
Higham and Dr.
Rachanie Thosarat tell
you about the kinds of
evidence scholars use in
explaining human way of
life in the pre-historic
time?
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ตวอยางหลกฐาน สมยกอนประวตศาสตร
ทนกโบราณคดขดคนพบ
Examples of archaeological finds found in Thailand.
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ภาพเขยน บนผนงถ า/
เพงผา
Paintings on cave
walls/cliff faces
คนกบหมาMen and
dogs
คนจงววMan
leading an oxกวาง
a deer
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แหลงโบราณคดบนแผนดนประเทศไทยปจจบนทพบรองรอยวถชวตสมยลาสตว-เกบหาของปา และ สมยเกษตรกรรม
Archaeological sites in the present-day Thailand where evidence has been found
to prove human ways of life in the hunting-gathering culture
and the farming/agricultural culture.
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ความส าคญของการเปลยนผานจากสมยเกบหาของปา-ลาสตว สสมยเพาะปลก เลยงสตว
ในชวงราว ๑๐,๐๐๐-๕,๐๐๐ ปมาแลว
The significance of transferring from hunters-gatherers to farmers around 10,000 – 5,000 yrs. ago:
การแสวงหาอาหารsearching for foods
การผลตอาหารproducing foods
พงธรรมชาตท งหมดtotally depending on nature
พงธรรมชาตบางสวนdepending less on nature
เรรอน ไมมโอกาสส งสมวฒนธรรม
being nomads, not able to develop advanced cultural
objects
ลงหลกปกฐาน มโอกาสส งสมวฒนธรรมhaving permanent residence, able to develop advanced cultural objects
Thus, urban civilizations developed.
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แผนทแสดงชมชนหมบานบางแหง
ทส าคญ เมอราว ๓,๐๐๐ ป
มาแลวsome important
communities around
3,000 yrs. ago
มชมชนหมบานทเราคนห เชน บานเชยงsome are
familiar names. like Ban Chiang
มชมชนหมบานกระจดกระจายอยท วไปในอาณาบรเวณทปจจบน
เปนประเทศไทยthese
communities scattered
around the area which, at present, is the
location of Thailand
prehistoric phase
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ตารางสรปการเปลยนแปลงวถชวต/สงคมบนแผนดนทปจจบนเปนประเทศไทยปรบจากตารางทายเลมหนงสอ
“ชาตพนธสวรรณภม บรรพชนคนไทยในอษาคเนย”โดย สจตต วงษเทศ
Table of significant changes
on the land of ancient Siam / Siam /Thailand
Adapted from Sujit Wongthes’ Social and Cultural History of Siam / Thailand.
ชวงเวลาDate
ประมาณ๑๐,๐๐๐ ถง ๕,๐๐๐ปมาแลว
Almost 10,000 to 5,000 years ago
พฒนาการทางวถชวต/สงคม Phase of living/society
- ลาสตวและเกบหาของปาจนถงเร มการเพาะปลก-เรรอนจนถงเร มต งรกราก
- Hunting & gathering to early agriculture.- Nomadic to early settlement.
มนษยหลายกลมจดการฝงผเสยชวต มการโรยฝ นสแดงทศพและฝงขาวของเครองใชไวกบศพ เชน ภาชนะดนเผา
Humans of many tribes buried their dead, the corpse sprinkled with red ochre and accompanied with grave goods, for instance pottery
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ประมาณ
๔,๐๐๐ ถง
๓,๐๐๐
ปมาแลว
About
4,000 years
to 3,000
years ago
เร มสมยโลหะ เหลกและเกลอ
Beginning of metal, iron and salt ages.
มนษยอษาคเนย เชอเร องผสางนางไม มระบบความเชอของตนเอง ทเหมอนกนคอการใหความส าคญแกนาคและกบAncient Southeast Asians were animist, each tribe with its own belief-system. However a common element among them was the importance given to the serpent (Naga – นาค) and the frog.
พบกลองมโหระทก/กลองส ารด/กลองดองซอนท วไปในอษาคเนยกลองนเปนเครองหมายของความศกดสทธ ความอดมสมบรณและความเปนผน าThe use of the bronze drum, frog drum or Dong Son drum (กลองมโหระทก - which is endemic to Southeast Asia) as the symbol of sacrament, fertility and tribal leadership.
นาค naga
กบ frog
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Map of Southeast Asia showing bronze drums were found around the region http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3241/2422313617_b817e11117.jpg
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ราว
๒,๕๐๐
ปมาแลว
About 2,500 years ago
พฒนาการของเมองในสวรรณภมมการคาทางทะเล
Urbanization in Suvarnabhumi
with maritime trade.
การรบอารยธรรมอนเดยทมากบพอคาและคนวรรณะอนๆ เชน กษตรย/พราหมณAbsorption of Indian civilization through traders and other castes accompanying them, i.e. the Kshatriyas, Brahmanas.
ราว ๓๐๐ ปหลงพระพทธเจาทรงดบขนธปรนพพาน พระภกษ ๒ รป คอพระโสณะและพระอตตระ เดนทางมาพรอมเรอสนคา น าพระพทธศาสนาเขามา สสวรรณภมSome 300 years after the Parinivarna of the Buddha , two Buddhist monks namely Sona and Uttara, traveling in trading ships, introduced Buddhism to Suvarnabhumi.
ชอสวรรณภมปรากฏในบนทกของพอคาชาวอนเดย ราว พ.ศ. ๑ มหลกฐานทดอนตาเพชร (จ.กาญจนบร) ภเขาทอง (จ.ระนอง) ควนลกปด (จ.กระบ) วาพนทเหลาน นเคยเปนเมองทาการคา ในชวงพทธศตวรรษท ๑-๑๒In B.E. 1 (~543 BCE), the term Suvarnabhumi is found in the Indian traders’ record. Evidence has been found in Don Tapet, Phukhao Thong and Kuan Lukpat archaeological sites, which confirmed that these areas used to be trading ports in Buddhist Centuries 2-12.
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Asia
With the name Suvarnabhumi in the Indian traders’ record, the historic phase of the region begins.
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Map showing routes by which Indian civilization
spread through Southeast Asia, Suvarnabhumi.
India
language, religion, social system, etc.
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ราว ๑,๐๐๐ ป
มาแลว
About 1,000 years
ago
รฐแถบชายฝงอนดามนรบนบถอพทธศาสนานกายเถรวาท/หนยาน ในขณะทอาณาจกรขอมทางฝงทะเลสาบ (ปจจบนคอประเทศกมพชา) รบนบถอศาสนาฮนด
States on the Andaman coast adhered to Theravada Buddhism, while the states around the Tonle Sap (in present Cambodia) were predominantly Hindu.
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ราว ๒,๐๐๐ ถง
๑,๕๐๐ ป
มาแลว
About 2,000
years to
1,500 years
ago
เกดเมองทรบอทธพลอนเดย
The rise of Indianised cities
เมองและรฐรบนบถอศาสนาฮนดและพทธแตกตางกนไป
The cities and states variously professing
Hinduism and Buddhism.
เสมาธรรมจกรสญลกษณของศาสนาพทธและเอกลกษณของวฒนธรรม
ทวารวดthe Wheel of Law
Symbol of Buddhismand identity of Dvaravati
ศวลงค สญลกษณของศาสนาฮนดSivalinga
Symbol of Hinduism
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Khmer Empire
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Angkor Wat นครวดin Kampuchea was built in the early 12th century for King Suryavarman II. It was dedicated to Vishnu, the Hindu preserver god, but later became a Buddhist temple.
Angkor Wat bas-reliefs are on four sides of the outer walls.
Partly, they depict the procession of multi-races to
celebrate King Suryavarman II.
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ราวพ.ศ.๑๖๕๐
About 1107 A.D.
รปสลกบนแผนหนทระเบยงทศใต ปกตะวนตกของปราสาทนครวด ประเทศกมพชา เปนขบวนแห “พลละโว” (ซาย) ตามหลง “เสยมกก”- ชาวสยาม (ขวา)
Bas-reliefs on the wall surrounding Angor
Wat in Cambodia, depicting the procession
of the Lavo (left) following that of the Siam
(right).
“พลละโว” the procession
of the Lavo
“เสยมกก”the procession of the Siamese
Possibly the same SIAM.
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9 Suphanabhumi10 Lavo-Ayutthaya
11 Sukhothai
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หลง พ.ศ.
๑๙๐๐
After
about 1357
ราชวงศอทองผนกก าลงกบราชวงศ
สโขทย มชยเหนอราชวงศละโว ไดปกครองอยธยา และแผแสนยานภาพไปตลอดทราบภาคกลาง จนถงนครศรธรรมราชทางตอนใต สโขทยทางตอนเหนอ เกดเปนราชอาณาจกรสยามขนเปนคร งแรก
The king of Suphanburi joined force with Sukhothai, and with help of the Chinese overcame the Lopburi dynasty ruling Ayutthaya, and made himself master of a greater kingdom including the Central Plain, Nakhon Si Thammarat and Sukhodaya, acknowledged by foreign powers for the first time as “the Kingdom of Siam”.
มศาสนาใหมเขามาไดแก ศาสนาอสลามและศาสนาครสต
Emergence of other religions such as Islam and Christianity.
Formal SIAM begins.
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แผนทโบราณแสดงราชอาณาจกรสยาม (ซาย) และแผนทเกาะเมองอยธยา (ขวา) เรยกอยธยาวาสยาม
Ancient maps depicting the Kingdom of Siam (left) and of Ayutthaya,referring to Ayutthaya as
Siam (right)
SIAM ÒIUDIA
Ayutthaya became prosperous.
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Upper Siam
Siam
Map of Siam from A New Historical Relation of the Kingdom of Siam (printed 1693) by De la Loubère, the French Ambassador to King Narai’s court between 1687-88Bancok
Gulf of Siam
Ayutthaya, referred to
as Siam
Bancok (Bangkok) a port city near the Chao Phraya River
After the fall of Ayutthaya, Bangkok became the location
of Siam’s new capital: THONBURI
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พ.ศ.๒๓๑๐
เสยกรง
1767 A.D.
The fall of Ayutthaya
ชาวสยามฟนอ านาจขน
ใหมในนามกรงธนบร
แผอ านาจขนไปถง
ลานนา ลานชางและ
เวยงจนทน
Ayudhaya fell and
reestablished itself
in Thonburi,
spreading its power
over Lanna,
Lanchang-
Vientieane etc.
เกาะบางกอกทต งของกรงธนบร
อยธยา(สยาม)
Ayutthaya fell.But SIAM remained.
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Bangkok
King Taksin’s palace
The new king’s palace
In 1782 , King Rama I had his palace moved across the Chao Phraya River.
Thoburi fell.But SIAM remained.
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พ.ศ.๒๓๒๕1782A.D. BANGKOK BEGINS
สถาปนากรงรตนโกสนทรเปนราชธานใหมของประเทศทเปนทรจกท วโลกในนามของสยามประเทศ ประชาชนในสยามประเทศเรยกวา “ชาวสยาม”ค าทใชเรยกนหมายรวมคนหลากเชอชาตเขาดวยกน สะทอนการสบทอดกลมชาตพนธ นบเนองมาแตคร งสวรรณภม
Bangkok was established as the new capital of the country known internationally as Syam or Siam. Its muti-racial inhabitants were known asSiamese reflecting a two-thousand yearsinheritance from Suvarnabhumi.
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modernization against colonialism
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รปยาซกาแรตแสดงการเปลยนแปลงธงชาตและตราแผนดน เมอสมยรชกาลท ๖
แตชอประเทศยงเปน สยาม
ฉลากน าหอม “สยาม” สมยรชกาลท ๕เปนรปชางเผอกบนพนแดง
ตามแบบธงชาตในคร งกระน น
Our country was still known as Siam in the Fifth Reign and
even after the national flag and arm had been changed in the Sixth Reign (28 Sept. 1917).
SIAM SIAM
SIAM
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1932 fromabsolutism to democracy
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This is the lyric of Thailand’s first version of national anthem, composed after the change of governing regime from absolute monarchy to democracy in 1932.It contains 2 terms which refer to the state and its people – SIAM and THAI.
By the end of absolutism,
SIAM remained.
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พ.ศ.๒๔๘๒1939 A.D.
รฐบาลจอมพล ป.พบลสงคราม มมตใหเปลยนชอประเทศจาก ประเทศสยาม เปน ประเทศไทย (Thailand) ประชากรหลากหลายชาตพนธจงกลายเปน “คนไทย” ไปท งหมดดวยโดยปรบาย
Siam was renamed Thailand by the government of
Field Marshal P. Pibulsongkram,
and its many varied peoples all became,
willy-nilly, “Thais”, by which they remain today.
“…The government at that time believed Siam was a place where inhabitants were a mixed-up bunch of different ethnic groups who might not have been governed very easily in times of war. They
feared the country might have disintegrated. Ethnically speaking, nothing was wrong with "Siam", but the word did not tell who was the ruler over here. That is nonsense. By the
way, the word "Thai" denotes the race, not the country….”
Historian Charnvit Kasetsiri
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เพลงชาตไทย(ปจจบน)the lyric of Thai national anthem at present
ประเทศไทยรวมเลอดเนอชาตเชอไทยเปนประชารฐ ไผทของไทยทกสวน
อยด ารงคงไวไดท งมวลดวยไทยลวนหมายรกสามคคไทยนรกสงบ แตถงรบไมขลาด
เอกราชจะไมใหใครขมขสละเลอดทกหยาดเปนชาตพล
เถลงประเทศชาตไทย ทวมชยชโย
เพลงชาตไทย เปนชอเพลงชาตของประเทศไทย ประพนธท านองโดย พระเจนดรยางค ในชวงหลงการเปลยนแปลงการปกครอง พ.ศ. ๒๔๗๕ ค ารองฉบบแรกสดโดยขนวจตรมาตรา ซงแตงขนภายหลงในปเดยวกน
ตอมาไดมการแกไขเพมเตมเนอรองอกหลายคร ง และไดเปลยนมาใชเนอรองฉบบปจจบนเมอ พ.ศ. ๒๔๘๒
After the renaming, a new version of national anthem
was written, withonly ONE term
which refers to the state and its people
– THAI.
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So many other events occurred, of course,
so many other aspects of life need inspection…
i.e.,causes and effects of
certain changes in values, politics, economy,art and culture …
So far you’ve roughly learned
of the evolution of the land
and its people from
Sundaland to Suvarnabhumi
& to Siam-Thailand.
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From
hunting-gathering
to farming
to industry
to information
technology
to digital economy
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การเปลยนแปลงยงไมจบใน ๑ ภาคการศกษาตอไปน นสตจะไดรบการทบทวนความรเกาเรยนความรใหมโดยหวงวานสตจะมองเหนและเขาใจสงคม/วฒนธรรมไทยใน ๓ มต
อดตpast
อนาคต future
The changes keep going on. In this semester, you will have an opportunity to revise what you have known and to earn new knowledge. Hopefully, you will see and understand Thai society in three dimensions.
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ขอใหมความสขในการเรยนร
Please enjoy!
Thailand in ASEAN &
global communitiesประเทศไทยใน
ประชาคมอาเซยนและประชาคมโลก