A2D

Group #4Chris de Guzman

Jon GonzalezFrank Reed Jr.

Paolo Ronquillo

Agenda

• Project introduction and overview• Milestones• Design Approach• Overall Specifications• Sub-System presentation• Administrative• Plans for success• Design Changes• Current status vs. Milestone chart• Questions?

What is it?

• Digital Instrument Cluster• Replacement to a traditional analog cluster• Draws information from various sensors

• Pseudo Heads Up Display• Supplements the main cluster

• Touch Screen Command Center• Menu Driven UI

Goals and Objectives

• The Displays should show typical vehicle data

• Analog Gauges will be replaced with digital representations

• Typical control knobs will be replaced with a touch screen GUI

Design Approach

• Simulation• Modular• Added cost

– Building materials– Sensors

• Real Vehicle• Vehicle Specific• Vehicle houses project

– Risk to Vehicle– Not always available

Design Approach

• 3 Sub-Systems– Tied together by a main controller housing the

simulation program– Allows independent development

• Each sub-system is developed individually• Minimizes dependencies between systems• Project can continue to progress despite delays in other

systems

– Poses challenge of combining Systems

Physical Simulation of the A2D

• The simulation of the dash board will be in a 4’ wide x 4’ tall x 2’ deep wooden box.

Locks and

windowsLocks and

windows

Gas pedal

DPR

Trans box

Rear camera

Touch screen

HUD

Specifications

• The system shall be powered by a 12v battery.• The instrument cluster, HUD and touch screen shall

have a 120 ° viewing angle.• The instrument cluster and touch screen shall be able

to be viewed at 30 inches• The Ambient Temp sensor shall operate at a ±2.0°C

accuracy.• The Compass field range shall be of at least ±2.0 gauss.• Occupant detection sensor Shall operate when no less

than 10lbs. of force is detected.

Overall BD

Car data controller

LCD

Sensor controller

Touch screen MCU

TS Display

Gas pedal

Rear camera

12v PS

regulator

TS controller

Sensors

DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION A) Tire Pressure Monitoring System (TPMS)

Kinds of TPMS Sensor

Direct Indirect

Employs physical pressure sensors + RF Technology

Software Realized – Wheel speed sensors

Sensors are fitted at the back-end of valve stems

Fitted in the ABS or Electronic Stability System

Battery-powered (need maintenance) Connected to vehicle’s power source

No calibration required Must calibrate every change

A2D chose Direct sensors

DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION Battery-powered Battery-less

Most common New technology

Battery Designed to last7-10 yrs.

Maintenance free

A2D chose battery-powered

Real Automotive TPMS Simulation

Expensive Relatively cheaper

Technical information is scarce Information available

A2D chose Simulation

B) Outside Temperature Sensing System

Schematic

DESIGN & COMPONENT DECISION

TMP100 DS1822

Digital12-bits user selectable

55°C to +125°C(-67°F to +257°F)±2.0°C accuracy

ADC/Logic Control included

I²C two-wire serial interface 1-wire interface

SOT23-6 surface mount packaging

TO-92 through-hole mount packaging

A2D chose either TMP100 or DS1822

Analog Digital

Cost ~ $1 Cost ~ $5 (free-TI)

Need external components External components integrated

A2D chose Digital

C) Compass

hSchematic

HMC10022-Axis Magnetic Sensor

Comparison of Function

Gyrocompass Magnetic compass

Finds the “true North” Magnetic north

Far less susceptible to external magnetic fields

Some intelligent ICs have hard-iron & soft-iron code

A2D chose Magnetic Compass

1-Axis 2-Axis 3-Axis

M field sensing / latch / switch

Compass Compass w/ tilt(ie airplanes)

A2D chose 2-Axis

Honeywell HMC63522-Axis Magnetic Sensor Schematic

D) Power Locking Mechanism

6 Types of Door Lock Actuators

• Single wire systems• 3 Wire Negative• 3 Wire Positive• 4 Wire Reversal• 5 Wire Alternating +12V DC• Vacuum Type door lock types.

The more wires there are, the more complicated a system can be. Power Lock mechanism systems depends on the manufacturer’s design and features. Every systems is made up of actuators and relay switches.

D) Power Locking Mechanism

6 Types of Door Lock Actuators

• Single wire systems• 3 Wire Negative• 3 Wire Positive• 4 Wire Reversal• 5 Wire Alternating +12V DC• Vacuum Type door lock types.

The more wires there are, the more complicated a system can be. Power Lock mechanism systems depends on the manufacturer’s design and features. Every systems is made up of actuators and relay switches.

For simplicity

E) Vehicle Restraint System

DELPHI PODS SYSTEM

Parts of Vehicle Restraint System1) Seatbelt sensor

2)Occupant Detection sensor

Delphi Hamlin

Low cost and better performanceStable performance over wide range of temperature and

humidityShort development cycle

Uses reed, hall-effect and microswitch technology

Delphi TI Freescale

Fluid-filled bladders + IR sensors

Piezo-resistive strain gauges

Electric field imaging

Parts of Vehicle Restraint System1) Seatbelt sensor

• Reed Switch & Magnets

2) Occupant Detection sensor

• Flex Sensor

Project Successes

Sensor Systems

• Most sensors are on-hand or in order• Microprocessor and development board/emulator are on

hand• Started writing codes for sensors

Project difficulties

- Integrating all sensors in to one Microprocessor

- Lack of technical information about actual Automotive sensor systems

- Sensor systems from manufacturers are EOL/Out of stock/ not available for consumer use.

- Pressure sensor design on TPMS- mounting on tire valve

Optical Design

Heads up Display

• Easier said than done!• Dual HUD/PMD design• Swiveling mirror• Easy to read• Doesn’t distract driver

LCD vs. Projector

4.06”

1.97”

0.59”

LCD vs. Projector

9/19/10

• More COST EFFECTIVE• Better suited for our space

constraints• Easier to program for our

purposes

4.06”

1.97”

0.59”

Optical Design

LCD

Lenses

Reflective film

Plexiglas

Digital IC “PMD”

Mirror

IMAGE

Cluster mode

• Image viewed directly in mirror

• Very sharp image

48”

36”

Side View

Rotator

“HUD”

LCD

Digital IC “PMD”

Reflective film

Plexiglas

Lenses

Mirror

IMAGE

Side View

“HUD” mode

• Image projected onto ‘windshield’

• Clear image, a bit larger due to distance

48”

36”

Optical Design

Rotator

“HUD”

Lenses

• Thin lens combination

9/19/10

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Lenses

• Thor labs• Bi-convex spherical lenses

– Focal length : TBD– Uncoated– Cost: ~30/lens

9/19/10

Optical Successes and Difficulties

• Success– Resolved conflicting ideas on HUD, finalized design

• Difficulties– Prototyping without having to buy parts– Reflective film– Focal Length

Touch Screen

Touch ScreenComponent decisions

• 4-wire vs Capacitive• Don’t include displays• Touch display module• 4-Wire was chosen for cost and availability

• LCD vs OLED• OLED was chosen• Built in touch screen + TS controller• MCU for graphics processing

• FPGA vs MCU• MCU chosen• Experience + Arduino IDE

Arduino DuemilanoveFor prototyping with the ATMEGA328

distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site

Pin Mapping ATMEGA328

distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site

Capturing Touch

• distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution Share-Alike 2.5 license and are available on the Arduino Web site

Images to The Screen

Touch Screen GUI

Temperature Sub-Menu

Touch Screen Block Diagram

ATMega328

OLED

ATMega25604-Wire TS

SensorInputs

FansWindows

User Input

5VStep Down

Voltage

Touch display Schematicspower

Touch display Schematics

System Success to date

• Development has begun on the ATMega328• Familiarity with Arduino IDE• All Parts have been ordered• Menu systems have been designed

What’s left?

• Prototyping• Interfacing with Sensors• Testing• Final PCB design

Instrument Cluster Design

Design Flow of the Instrument Cluster

PIC18F4500

Graphic TFT LCD

Sensor MCU Gas Pedal

Schematic of the Instrument Cluster4.7kΩ

+5v Vccreset

0.1uf

10Ω10Ω10Ω

+3.2v Vcc

+1.8v Vcc

+3.2v Vcc

+5v Vcc

0.1uf

+5v Vcc0.1uf

Sensor Controller

Gas Pedal

Program Flow DiagramInit PIC

Init LCD

Display background

image on LCD

Data from sensor MCU

Update image on LCD

Gas pedal

Why choose PIC18F4550?

• Quick table to compare researched MCU’s.PIC ATMEL ARM

Architecture 8 bit 8 bit 32 bitInternal and

external oscillatoryes yes yes

Analog to digital yes Yes YesDigital to analog yes Yes Yes

I/O pins 35 32 35+Low power modes Yes Yes Yes

pins 40 40 64Flash memory 32K bytes 8K bytes 32K bytes+

eeprom 256 bytes 256 bytes 256 bytes +sram 2048 bytes No 2048 bytes +

MSSP I2C, SPI I2C I2C, SPICompiler C, MPLab Own sofware JTag

Price of chip $4.47(sample free) $3.53 >5Price of

development board$47 $94 $105

How do u program the PIC and LCD?• Using the MPLAB IDE with the C18 compiler.

Graphic Instrument Cluster Design

• Background of the Instrument Cluster is a Static image

• The Dynamic part will be:– Color bars– Speed– Ambient temp.– Seatbelt icon– D P R

EGNTemp

H

C

Oil

Gas

F

E

RPMx1000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7

0 8 6 7 4 5 . 8

AMBTEMP

MPH

45 45

D P R

Problems Occurring

• No previous work on the PIC with our LCD• Had to find a PIC18F4550 example and a

CFAF176220M example and figure out how they worked.

• Will have to display it horizontally reversed.• Testing the Cluster is work in progress at the

moment.

Project Success

• Working examples on developing tools.• Full schematic is drawn.• Instrument Cluster design is completed.

Budget - ComponentsQty Item Cost

1 3.5” OLED display + 3.5” 4-wire resistive Touch Screen + ATMEGA 2560

graphics processor

170.00

1 TI ADS7846 Controller FREE

1 PN CFAF176220M-TController/LCD combo

$28.10

1 ATMEL ATA5276IC XMITTER TPM

$4.95

1 ATMEL ATA5745IC RX UHF

$3.48

1 ATMEL ATA6612MCU W/ LIN

FREE

1 TI TMP100 Temp Sensor FREE

1 Honeywell HMC10222-Axis Magnetic Sensor

FREE

1 PIC18F4550 FREE

1 ATMega 328 MCU Samples FREE

1 20M Hz crystal $0.28

Budget – Testing/Development

Qty Item Cost

1 Pickit2 + Dev Board $60.00

1 1995 850 Volvo Instrument Cluster $10.50

1 arduino duemilanove (Dev board for ATMega328 MCu)

$28.45

Qty Item Cost

1 Plastic Cluster $15.50

2 Spray Paint Can $2.07

1 Simulation Box $88.00

1 LEDs $7

2 Blank PCBs $3

1 A/C fans $4

switch/buttons $2

1 Black and white Board Cameraw/ standard lens 92 deg

$15.18

1 gas pedal $5

1 door actuator $10

1 Misc- A/D Conv/ MCU/wires/resistors/capacitors/inductors/soldering materials

FREE

2 Lenses ~ $60

9/19/10

Budget - Other

Budget

• Budgeted: $460.00• Total to date: $517.51

• Discrepancy due to failure to account for development tools (dev boards)

• Initial design lacked lenses.

9/19/10

Progress MadeSUBSYSTEM PERCENT DONE %

RESEARCHPARTS

ACQUIRED DESIGN PROTOTYPE TESTINGHUD/Display 85 90 30 40 10Touch screen 86 75 65 44 20Simulation 95 80 60 45 20

Sensor 87 50 60 40 10AVERAGE (%) 88.25 73.75 53.75 42.25 15

PROJECT MILESTONE

Proposed Project MilestoneMay 2010

As of September 2010

Path Forward – Plans for Success

• Get data from sensor MCU onto LCD screen• Dynamic components of cluster working• Consult optical advisor and obtain correct lenses

prototype• Test each sensor system individually, make sure they

work integrate into system• Create PCB designs

Questions?