A volcano can be fun….if its quite

jumping down from Etna top

RFP workshop Padova

RFP airlines

RFX

Implementing Agreement

What is IEA ?

www.iea.org

Implementing Agreements: legal contracts

Ensuring energy security and addressing climate change issues in a cost-effective way are the main challenges of energy policies and in the longer term will be solved only through technology cooperation.

To encourage collaborative efforts to meet these energy challenges, the IEA created a legal contract – Implementing Agreement – and a system of standard rules and regulations.

This allows interested member and non-member governments or other organisations to pool resources and to foster the research, development and deployment of particular technologies

Existing Implementing AgreementsAdvanced Fuel Cells Advanced Materials for Transportation Advanced Motor Fuels

Bioenergy Buildings and Community Systems (ECBCS)

Clean Coal Sciences

Climate Technology Initiative (CTI) Demand-Side Management District Heating and Cooling, including the Integration of Combined Heat and Power

Efficient Electrical End-Use Equipment Electricity Networks Analysis, Research & Development (ENARD)

Emissions Reduction in Combustion

Energy Storage Energy Technology Data Exchange (ETDE)

Energy Technology Systems Analysis Programme (ETSAP)

Enhanced Oil Recovery Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power

Fluidized Bed Conversion

Fusion Materials Geothermal Greenhouse Gas RD Programme

Heat Pumping Technologies High-Temperature Superconductivity (HTS) on the Electric Power Sector

Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

Hydrogen Hydropower IEA Clean Coal Centre

Industrial Energy-Related Technologies and Systems

Large Tokamaks Multiphase Flow Sciences

Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors

Ocean Energy Systems Photovoltaic Power Systems

Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR Renewable Energy Technology Deployment

Reversed Field Pinches

Solar Heating and Cooling SolarPACES Spherical Tori

Stellarator-Heliotron Concept Tokomaks with Poloidal Field Divertors

Wind Energy Systems

Fusion implementing agreements

Environmental, Safety and Economic Aspects of Fusion Power

Fusion Materials

Large Tokamaks

Nuclear Technology of Fusion Reactors

Plasma Wall Interaction in TEXTOR

Reversed Field Pinches

Spherical Tori

Stellarator Concept

Three Contracting Parties signed the IEA Implementing Agreement for a programme of research and development on Reversed Field Pinches in 1990:•the US Department of Energy, Euratom and the Government of Japan.

The IA Executive Committee

US Department of Energy

– J. Sarff, TV George

Government of Japan

– A. Komori, S. Masamune

Euratom

– R. Giannella, P. Martin

Continuity in the ExCo leadership

Continuity in the ExCo leadership

Recent renewal of the Implementing Agreement

In the past twenty years the Implementing Agreement has played a key role in boosting RFP research though the coordination of international research and the promotion of cooperation in RFP experiments and theory.

The IA terms is 5 years, and the previous one expired in April 2010.

The IA Executive Committee decided to ask for a 5 years renewal (2010-2015).

The case was made and defended in front of the two relevant bodies:

– IEA Fusion Power Coordinating Committee (FPCC), Paris, February 23-24, 2010

– IEA Committee on Energy Research and Technology (CERT), Paris, March 4, 2010

Recommendations for renewal

The IA has been renewed: thanks to all of you!

We, the players

A dynamic and well-integrated community

RFX-modRFX-mod EXTRAP T2REXTRAP T2R RELAXRELAX MSTMST

StockholmStockholm

PadovaPadovaKyotoKyoto

MadisonMadison

Welcome to USTC Hefei

We welcome the colleagues from the:

Established in 1958, USTC has 1,163 full-time teachers and 360 researchers, among whom 28 are academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences or Chinese Academy of Engineering (CAE)

Of its 15,000 plus students, over 2,400 are doctoral students, over 5,800 are master's students, and more than 7,400 are undergraduate students

The RFP: a tight link with University

(all experiments in University environment)

and a nursery for the fusion community

Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)

Operational space

TOKAMAK

incr

eas

ing

|B|

STELLARATOR

Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)

Operational space

TOKAMAK

incr

eas

ing

|B|

STELLARATOR

Reversed Field PinchRFP

Non-axisymmetric shaping (three-dimensional)

Unique role of RFP

The Reversed Field Pinch has a unique role in bridging knowledge between the tokamak and the stellarator

TOKAMAK

incr

easi

ng

|B

| STELLARATOR

Reversed Field PinchRFP

Two successful research stories

Two successful research stories:

- improving confinement

Maximum confinement and beta to date in MST.

Te

Ti(C+6)

B(a) < 0.25 T

Maximum Confinement Maximum Beta

MST, Chapman et al., 2008

Ip 0.5 MA, n /nG 0.13

E 12 ms, 10%

Ip 0.2 MA, n /nG 1.2

E ~ 6 ms, 26%

p

p

measured

Mercier

(PPCD with pellet injection)

Improved confinement is comparable to that expected for a tokamak of the same size and current.

• Use same Ip, n, Pheat, size, shape to define a tokamak reference.

• is 10 times smaller in the RFP compared this way.

€

| B |

Does not implytokamak scalingapplies to the RFP.

At high current plasma spontaneously self-organizes in a helical state (m=1, n= 7)

Helical equilibria come with electron transport barriers

Characteristic phenomena in shallow-reversal regionHelical structure observed with high-speed camera in RELAX

m

= 1

am

plit

ude

(a

.u.)

Toroidal mode number n = 4NOTE: Recent observation shows clear toroidal rotation of the simple helix

Two successful research stories:

- improving confinement

- controlling stability

Full stabilization of multiple RWMs in EXTRAP T2R

Intelligent shell feedback with 4x32 coils (full array)

black: Ref shot w/o fb

blue: P-control GP=2.0

red: PID-control GP=10, GI=1.3x102 s-1, GD=3.3x10-3 s

With fb gain G=2, main RWMs (-11,-10,-8,+5,+6) suppressed n=+2 FE mode not fully suppressed pulse duration more than twice

With fb gain G=10 (and PID-control): suppression of n=+2 FE mode is achieved pulse prolonged further m=1 rms value is fully suppressed

Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped tokamak with qedge ≈ 2

Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation)Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva

current

(2,1) amplitude

qedge

SXR

w/o active control

Active control of a (2,1) mode in a ramped tokamak with qedge ≈ 2Follows an idea realized in DIII-D on a proposal by In, Okabayashi, et al (with RFX participation)Okabayashi et al., paper EX/P9-5 2008 IAEA FEC, Geneva

current

(2,1) amplitude

qedge

SXR

w/o active control

w/ active control

A growing and productive community

The RFP community has obtained in the last decade a large number of achievements in terms of:

– Scientific excellence;

– Performance of its devices;

– Understanding and advancing the RFP as a fusion player;

– Education and training;

– Ability of interacting with the broader fusion community, talking the same language and contributing to the investigation of key issues for tokamak and stellarator, and for ITER and attracting fusion scientists to work on the RFP;

– Ability of sharing resources with the broader plasma community;

– Communication and recognition;

– Growth of the groups

Advancing RFP, with full integration in the international fusion effort

Impressive improvement in confinement (and in its understanding), with (among others):

– discovery of the new helical state and

– proof of principle experiments like PPCD indicating the possibility of healing magnetic turbulence driven transport;

MHD stability feedback control:

– leading-edge contribution to the tokamak, joint experiments with AUG, DIII-D, JT-60SA, ITER relevant projects;

Magnetic self-organization:

– leading role in the US NSF Centre for Magnetic Self Organization, collaboration with astrophysics;

Three-dimensional physics, starting a positive interaction with the stellarator community to bridge gaps and build a common knowledge basis

– (KIT experiments on LHD, stellarator scientists @this workshop, RFP scientists at IEA stellarator workshop)

The workshop

Welcome to the 14th Implementing Agreement Workshop 2010

About this workshop

3 days, 10 session, 49 talks, 1 round table

– MHD and its active control 1 & 2

– Transport 1 & 2

– Welcome to RFX

– MHD: tearing dynamic, self-organization and feedback control

– Three dimensional physics

– Fast Particles, heating and current drive

– Experiments in tokamak and stellarator and links with astrophysics

– Finals session: a look into the future

Thanks for your patience for the agenda changes.

Stay on time, please!

Thanks to those who are making the workshop working !

Our local scientific and organizing committee

The challenge

The Great Green Wall Projects

Two major projects on human forestation to help preserve our environment:

– In 1978, China launched the Great Green Wall initiative, scheduled for completion in 2050. The goal is tree coverage of about 42 percent of China's landmass, with a “wall” of trees 4500 km long, mainly to hold back the Gobi desert

– A wall of trees is under “construction” which will stretch from Senegal to Djibouti as part of a plan to thwart the southward spread of the Sahara desert (7000 km long).

In 2005 the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, which monitors the state of the world's forests every few years, reported that 13 million hectares of global forests are lost annually, including 6 million hectares of what are described as primary forests-some of the most biologically diverse ecological systems in the world.

Bio-diversity is a value

Human planted trees can not substitute human made de-forestation

Human forestation is extremely important, but it is not enough. Mankind can never replace the diversity provided by nature

Alternatives to help achieving fusion faster

Fusion is close, but there are still complex problems to be solved. We need a joint international focused effort to make fusion a successful story.

Massive efforts are crucial and extremely important, but we should not forget the lesson from nature: diversity is a big value.

The fusion community has a main line, the tokamak, where most of the resources need to be concentrated, but alternatives like stellarator and RFP are crucial to provide diverse approaches and explore different regions of the parameter space, and to make the achievement of fusion faster.

Our challenge is to be dynamic and fruitful players in this diverse fusion world.