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Page 1: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 2: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

A Troubled Germany• Economic despair & political instability• Punishments of Treaty of Versailles • High inflation = German “mark” has no value• Failure of Weimar Republic (Gustov

Streseman)• People blame them for Treaty of Versailles• Other European nations suffering the same

Page 3: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

German children play with stacks of money

Page 4: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Flag of Weimar Republic

Page 5: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

US Response• Stay out of League of Nations• WWI a mistake• Isolationism popular• Insistent of payment of war debts• US relief agencies help out• 1924 Dawes Plan fails• Negotiated 1925 Kellogg-Briand Pact

Page 6: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Adolph Hitler (early years)• Born April 20, 1889 in Austria • Abusive father, early failures (school, art, etc.)• Finds niche in WWI • After war moves to Munich becomes

Nationalist

Page 7: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Adolph Hitler

Page 8: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Adolph Hitler

Page 9: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Review1. Factors that gave rise to dictators in Europe

and Asia 1930s?- Conditions of Treaty of Versailles- Economic Crisis “Great Depression”- Political instability - Weak League of Nations- Failure of international agreements- Social unrest

Page 10: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Review2. Who Rises to Power in each of the following?

Russia = Joseph StalinItaly = Benito MussoliniGermany = Adolph HitlerJapan = Emperor Horhito & Hideki TojoSpain = Francisco Franco

Page 11: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Review3. Characteristics of Totalitarianism?

- Dictators with total power- One Party Rule- Importance of State over Individual (Nationalism)- State control of most aspects of life (limited freedoms)- Common enemy created (racism)- Military conquest and expansionism (to gain approval)- Scare tactics (to unify and eliminate dissent)

Page 12: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 13: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 14: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hitler & the Nazi Party• 1921 joins the National Socialist German Workers

Party• Is outspoken against the Weimar Republic and

Treaty of Versailles, popularity grows• 1923 leads an attempted coup – crushed an

thrown in jail – The “Beer Hall Putsch”

Page 15: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 16: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 17: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 18: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Mein Kampf “My Struggle”

Main ideas stated in “Mein Kampf” – States political views– German “Aryan” race superior – Blamed Jews for economic problems and WWI– Attacked USSR (obstacle of expansion) – Lebensraum “German living space”

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Page 20: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Rudolf Hess typed Mein Kampf

Page 21: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 22: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 23: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 24: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hitler becomes dictator• 1924 released from prison – rebuild Socialist

party (NAZI party)• excellent speaker, good politician, appealed to

peasants, workers, middle class• ’28-’32 NAZI’s voted into a lot of seats in

Reichstag• Hitler named Chancellor on Jan. 30, 1933 by

President Paul von Hindenburg

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Page 26: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Paul von Hindenburg

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• Hitler uses “shady” politics strengthen party and gain support

• Feb 27, ‘33 Suspicious burning of a Reichstag building, blamed on communists

• Leads to Enabling Bill which gave Hitler dictatorial powers

• Hitler has no intention of following rules of democracy

Page 29: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

• Aug. 2, 1934 Hindenburg dies, Hitler combines the presidency and the chancellor – calls himself “Der Fuhrer”

• Birth of 3rd Reich – Hitler takes control of all aspects of govt, outlaws opposition, and censors media

• Creates Fascist State (Nazism) • Gestapo (led by Herman Goering) and S.A. (led

by Ernst Roehm)• Night of Long Knives – June 30, 1934 (scares

people into obedience)

Page 30: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Night of Long Knives

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Page 32: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

NAZI Flag “Swastika”

Page 33: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

A cross with 4 bent arms all at a right angle

From the Sanskrit word, means “Creating a well being”.

Ancient Aryan symbol for the sun

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Page 37: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hermann Goering

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Ernst Roehm & Heinrich Himmler

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Head of SS Leibstandarte (Body Guards to Hitler) – Josef “Sepp” Dietrich

Page 40: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Albert Speer, Nazi minister of Armaments

Page 41: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 42: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 43: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 44: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Anti-Semitic Policies • Jew expelled from govt, teaching, medicine, &

law• Nuremberg Laws 1935

– Took away Jewish citizenship– Banned marriages– Jews must wear “star of David”– Jews re-located to Ghettos

Page 45: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 46: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 47: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 48: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hitler Youth

• Hitler Youth established “Pimpf”• Anti-Semitic propaganda (Josef Goebbles)

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Page 50: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hitler Youth

Page 51: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Jews forced to wear Star of David

Page 52: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Joseph Goebbels

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Page 54: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

NAZI propaganda

Page 55: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Holocaust Begins• 1933 Dachau – 1st Concentration Camps• April 1, 1933 Day of “Boycott” • Nov. 7, 1938 “Kristallnacht” (night of broken

glass)– SS goes on rampage – 15 hours, over 200

synagogues destroyed, 7,500 stores looted, over 100 Jew killed, more than 30,000 arrested and put in prison camps

Page 56: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 57: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 58: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 59: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Kristallnacht

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Damage of Kristallnacht

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5/21 Warm Up1. What was the significance of June 30th, 1934

to Hitler?2. What ultimately was the goal of the first

phase of the Holocaust?3. What were some ways in which the first

phase of the Holocaust was carried out?4. What is the greater significance of November

8-9th, 1938?

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People rally behind Hitler• Promises, economic recovery, territorial

expansion, domestic strength• Rebuild military, employs thousands of

workers, build housing, highways, sports arenas

• ‘36 Olympics (world’s eyes on Germany)• By late 30s strength and determination clear• US does not respond, focus is on “New Deal”

Page 63: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Hitler & Nazi’s

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USA Time magazine “Man of the Year” 1939

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Nuremburg Rallies

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Page 67: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
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Turmoil in Italy• Same economic & political issues as Germany• Benito Mussolini forms Fascist Party (WWI

vets)• Goal: unite Italians using reminders of ancient

Rome (nationalism and military sacrifice)• Hated democracy (destroys unity of state)• 1922 Mussolini defends capital from

communist takeover, becomes Prime Minister• Aggressive foreign policy, invades Ethiopia

1935

Page 69: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Benito Mussolini

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Spanish Civil War• 1930’s Francisco Franco & Nationalist Party vs.

Republicans• Mussolini and Hitler help Franco• League of Nations helps Republicans• USA Neutral (military not important 15th

largest, de-militarization) • Ends in 1939 Franco wins • Rome-Berlin Axis forms

Page 71: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Francisco Franco

Page 72: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Rome-Berlin Axis

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Page 74: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 75: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
Page 76: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Heidki Tojo

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Militarism in Japan• Tojo supported by Germany and Italy = Rome-

Berlin-Tokyo Axis is formed• July 7th, 1937 full blown war with China

(Beginning WWII in Asia)• US response = FDR’s “Quarantine Speech”

1937

Page 80: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of
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•Joseph Stalin

•1921/Soviet Union CommunismCommunism

Spread Communism throughout the world

dictators

•Stalin maneuvered himself into becoming the leader of the Soviet Union.

•The Russian RevolutionThe Russian Revolution was led by the people to overthrow a monarch but when the new ruling class took

over, there were no protections of people’s rights…… “NO BILL OF RIGHTS”NO BILL OF RIGHTS”

•Communism and fascismCommunism and fascism are similar in their ideologies

Page 82: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Stalin’s Soviet UnionStalin’s Economic Plans• Stalin’s state takeover of

farmland resulted in a dramatic fall in agricultural production as well as mass starvation.

• Stalin poured money and labor into industrialization rather than basic necessities such as housing and clothing.

• Due to Stalin’s policies, the Soviet Union soon became a modern industrial power, although one with a low standard of living.

Stalin’s Reign of Terror• To eliminate opposition, Stalin

began a series of purgespurges, the removal of enemies and undesirable individuals from positions of power.

• Stalin’s purges extended to all levels of society. Millions were either executed or sent to forced labor camps.

• Nearly all of those purged by Stalin were innocent. However, these purges successfully eliminated all threats to Stalin’s power.

Page 83: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Rise of Stalin

• Communist Party • Collectivization of USSR• Eliminate private enterprise and property • 5 Year Plans (to modernize)• Police state – purges – totalitarian

government

Page 84: A Troubled Germany Economic despair & political instability Punishments of Treaty of Versailles High inflation = German “mark” has no value Failure of

Joseph Stalin


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