a time period where there is little or no … ages 1...education of the lord’s children king...

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A TIME PERIOD WHERE THERE IS LITTLE OR NO ADVANCEMENT IN LEARNING, SCIENCE, MEDICINE AND THE ARTS

EFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIREEFFECTS OF THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE

Strong central government disappearsStrong central government disappearsStrong central government disappearsStrong central government disappears

Economic turmoilEconomic turmoilEconomic turmoilEconomic turmoil

Law and order breaks downLaw and order breaks downLaw and order breaks downLaw and order breaks down

Christian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in EuropeChristian church becomes the unifying force in Europe

Unified empire with loyalty Tribal with loyalty to to the Emperor the tribe and the chieftain

Large cities maintained as cultural Rural lifestylecenters

Written laws applied equally to all Usually unwritten laws that citizens applied only to the tribe

Courts, judges and evidence TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL TRIAL BY ORDEAL used combat to determine

Classical learning in Roman who was right in a disputeschools.

ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION ORAL TRADITION that passed down knowledge through stories

Clergy were the only ones who could read and write

ROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMSROMAN CUSTOMS GERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMSGERMANIC CUSTOMS

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MEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERSMEDIEVAL INVADERS

VIKINGSVIKINGSVIKINGSVIKINGSFrom Scandinavia

Ferocious warriors who attacked Northern and Western EuropeSettled down to become traders

MAGYARSMAGYARSMAGYARSMAGYARSNomads from Western AsiaConquered the Danube Plain and Italy

MUSLIMSMUSLIMSMUSLIMSMUSLIMSPirates from North Africa and Spain

EFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERSEFFECTS OF MEDIEVAL INVADERS

Trade stoppedTrade stoppedTrade stoppedTrade stopped

Hurt agricultureHurt agricultureHurt agricultureHurt agriculture

Villages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyedVillages and monasteries destroyed

People turned to local lords People turned to local lords People turned to local lords People turned to local lords for protectionfor protectionfor protectionfor protection

FRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMSFRANKISH KINGDOMS

CLOVISCLOVISCLOVISCLOVIS (481 CE)

United the Franks and conquered the Gauls (France)

MAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACEMAYOR OF THE PALACE was the Frankish king’s chief officer, also known as the Major Domo, who held and wielded the real and effective power to make decisions affecting the kingdom


CHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTELCHARLES MARTEL (732 CE)

Defeated the Muslims at the BATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURSBATTLE OF TOURS, halting the Muslim conquest of Europe


PEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORTPEPIN THE SHORT (751 CE)

Began the CAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTYCAROLINGIAN DYNASTY

Created the PAPAL STATESPAPAL STATESPAPAL STATESPAPAL STATES(ruled by the Pope) when he defeated the Lombards in Northern Italy

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CHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNECHARLEMAGNE (771 CE)

FATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPEFATHER OF EUROPE

Supporter of the Church and tried to convert those he conquered

Supported education, literature and the arts

His empire was the foundation for the HOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIREHOLY ROMAN EMPIRE which blended Germanic, Greco-Roman, and Christian cultures

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FEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISM

A relationship where the VASSALVASSALVASSALVASSAL (lesser noble) gave his loyalty to the local LORDLORDLORDLORD in exchange for a FIEFFIEFFIEFFIEF(land grant)

Power resided in the hands of strong local lords with large estates. These lords increased their power through alliances with other lords

The basis of these alliances was LANDLANDLANDLAND

FEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISMFEUDALISM

DUTIESDUTIESDUTIESDUTIES

LORDLORDLORDLORD VASSALVASSALVASSALVASSAL

ProtectionProtectionProtectionProtection Military ServiceMilitary ServiceMilitary ServiceMilitary Service

Land Land Land Land Ransom their LordRansom their LordRansom their LordRansom their Lord

Law and Justice Law and Justice Law and Justice Law and Justice Wedding presentsWedding presentsWedding presentsWedding presents

Court ServiceCourt ServiceCourt ServiceCourt Service

Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s Education of the lord’s childrenchildrenchildrenchildren

KINGKINGKINGKING

BARONSBARONSBARONSBARONS

FIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFSFIEFS including SERFS

KNIGHTSKNIGHTSKNIGHTSKNIGHTS

Manorial system was the basic economic arrangement during the Middle Ages

It was a self-sufficient community able to produce everything the manor needed

LORDLORDLORDLORD of the manor provided serfs with:

Housing

Land to farm

Protection

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SERFSSERFSSERFSSERFS were: Peasants

Did NOT have the freedom to leave the land on which they were born

Came with a fief

Tended the Lord’s land and his animals

Provided other services as required

Could not own land

Manors were owned by both lords and the Church

Used the THREETHREETHREETHREE----FIELDFIELDFIELDFIELD farming system to maintain soil fertility

A FALLOW field was one that rested

Centered in Rome

Guardian and interpreter of religious truth

Only way to salvation was through the Church

Converted many of the Germanic tribes

CHURCHCHURCHCHURCHCHURCH

ORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATIONORGANIZATION

The CLERGYCLERGYCLERGYCLERGY was the different levels of Church officials

Included the Pope, archbishops and bishops, and parish priests.

Later it would include cardinals, those who elected the Pope



The PAPACYPAPACYPAPACYPAPACY was the top level of the clergy which included the pope and his advisers

The POPEPOPEPOPEPOPE is the leader of the western Christian church based in Rome

Responsible for the souls of all Christians

Influenced European politics



BISHOPSBISHOPSBISHOPSBISHOPS comprised of archbishops and bishops

Found in major cities with the ARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPSARCHBISHOPS in the largest cities

Supervised priests in their areas

Settled disputes over religious teachings and practices

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PRIESTSPRIESTSPRIESTSPRIESTS were the Church’s connection to the people

Source of Christian teachings for the people

Administered the SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, SACRAMENTS, required religious ceremonies or rites needed for entering Heaven

Baptism Confirmation

Eucharist or CommunionPenance and Reconciliation

Anointing of the Sick Holy Orders or becoming a Priest

Marriage



MONKSMONKSMONKSMONKS and NUNSNUNSNUNSNUNS were men and women who withdrew from worldly life to devote their lives to spiritual goals

Formed religious ORDERSORDERSORDERSORDERS, groups of monks or nuns that share spiritual goals and service

Lived in MONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTSMONASTERIES/CONVENTS, places to live and work that separated them from the world

Taught skills, set up hospitals, and built shelters for those traveling and served as MISSIONARIES,those who spread religious teachings

Monks and nuns produced ILLUMINATEDILLUMINATEDILLUMINATEDILLUMINATED (illustrated) MANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTSMANUSCRIPTS

Monks and nuns reproduced the Bible to help spread the teachings of Christ

Pope Gregory the Great proclaimed that “painting can do for the illiterate what writing does for those who can read.”

Copyists became specialists worked in workshops called scriptoria. Antiquarii did the calligraphy, Rubricatores did the initial letters, and Miniatores illustrated the margins

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Eye testing at the monastery

a time period where there is little or no … ages 1...education of the lord’s children king...

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