a symposium on continental drift || front matter

Front MatterSource: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical andPhysical Sciences, Vol. 258, No. 1088, A Symposium on Continental Drift (Oct. 28, 1965), pp. i-viPublished by: The Royal SocietyStable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/73326 .

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS

OF THE

ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON




OF THE

ROYAL SOCIETY OF LONDON

Series A. Mathematical and Physical Sciences No. Io88 Vol. 258 PP. i-x; 1-323; AI-A6 28 October I965

A SYMPOSIUM ON CONTINENTAL DRIFT

ORGANIZED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY BY

P. M. S. BLACOKETT, F.R.S., SIR EDWARD BULLARD, F.R.S. AND S. K. RUNCORN

Published by the Royal Society Burlington House

Piccadilly London, W. I

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OF THE ROY AL SOCIE T

SERIES A: MA THEMA TICAL AND PHYSICAL SCIENCES SERIES B. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

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PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS NO. 1088

A SYMPOSIUM ON

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

VOL. 258. A. IO88. [Published 28 October 1965



A SYMPOSIUM ON

CONTINENTAL DRIFT

ORGANIZED FOR THE ROYAL SOCIETY BY

P. M. S. BLACKETT, F.R.S.

SIR EDWARD BULLARD, F.R.S.

AND S.K.RUNCORN

LONDON

THE ROYAL SOCIETY

I1965



CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION. BY P. M. S. BLACKETT, F.R.S. page vii

A. CONTINENTAL RECONSTRUCTIONS

I. Palacomagnetic comparisons between Europe and North America. BY S. K. RUNCORN 1

II. Geological evidence bearing upon continental drift. BY T. S. WESTOLL,

F.R.S. 12

III. Palaeomagnetic data from the Gondwanic continents. BY K. M. CREER 27

IV. The fit of the continents around the Atlanitic. BY SIR EDWARD BULLARD,

F.R.S., J. E. EVERETT AND A. GILBERT SMITH 41

V. Discussion: J. H. TAYLOR, F.R.S. 52 R. M. SHACKLETON 59 M. G. RUTTEN 53 A. E. NAIRN 59 A. L. HALES 58 W. B. HARLAND 59

B. HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENTS IN THE EARTH'S CRUST

VI. Transcurrent faulting in the ocean floor. BY V. VACQUIER 77

VII. Transcurrent faults in continental areas. BY C. R. ALLEN 82

VIII. Tectonic fabric of the Atlantic and Indian Oceans and continental drift.

BY B. C. HEEZEN AND MARIE THARP 90

IX. Discussion. J. SUTTON 107

X. The world-wide oceanic rise-ridge system. BY H. W. MENARD 109

XI. The formation of new oceanic crust. BY R. W. GIRDLER 123

XII. Discussion:

J. L. WORZEL 137 S. E. HOLLINGWORTH 141

R. L. FISHER 139 R. W. GIRDLER 142

D. DAVIES 140 E. R. OXBURGH 142

T. F. GASKELL 141 H. W. MENARD 144

C. CONVECTION CURRENTS AND CONTINENTAL DRIFT

XIII. Evidence from ocean islands suggesting movements in the Earth. BY J. TUZO WILSON 145

XIV. Petrological and geochemical evidence for convection in the Earth's mantle. BY G. D. NICHOLLS 168



vi CONTENTS

XV. Geochronology and continental drift-the North Atlantic. BY J. A. MILLER 180

Appendix. The structural unity of the reconstructed North Atlantic continent. BY F. J. FITCH 191

XVI. Tectonics and continental drift. BYJ. GOGUEL 194

XVII. Evidence of crustal drift from Icelandic geology. BY G. P. L. WALKER 199

XVIII. Discussion: L. U. DE SITTER 205 M.-J. GRAINDOR 208

H. W. MENARD 206 W. B. HARLAND 209 P. HENDERSON 207 M. H. P. BOTT 212

M. G. RUTTEN 207 J. A. MILLER 213

D. PHYSICS OF CONVECTION CURRENTS IN THE EARTH'S MANTLE

XIX. Continental structure and drift. BY G. J. F. MACDONALD 215

XX. Changes in the convection pattern in the Earth's mantle and continental drift: evidence for a cold origin of the Earth. BY S. K. RUNCORN 228

XXI. Heat transfer and convection currents. BY D. C. TOZER 252

XXII. Discussion: J. A. O'KEEFE 272 R. W. GIRDLER 275

J. L. WORZEL 275 M. H. P. BOTT 275

XXIII. Phase changes and convection in the Earth's mantle. BY J. VERHOOGEN 276

XXIV. Convection in a non-Newtonian mantle, continental drift, and mountain

building. BY E. OROWAN, F.R.S. 284

XXV. Discussion: Sir HAROLD JEFFREYS, F.R.S. 314 P. N. KROPOTKIN 316

F. A. VENING MEINESZ) J. D. BERNAL, F.R.S. 318

FOR.MEM.R.S. 314 M. G. RUTTEN 321

XXVI. CONCLUDING REMARKS. BY SIR EDWARD BULLARD, F.R.S. 322

INDEX Al

The Royal Society's Meeting for Discussion reported in these pages was held in the Lecture Theatre of the Royal Institution on 19 and 20 March 1964. Authors' manuscripts were received at various dates up to 23 November 1964.



a symposium on continental drift || front matter

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