a sumero-babylonian sign list

preecntefc to

Gfoe Olibrars

ottbe

University of Toronto

Q .^. T).l)."p.

A SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGN LIST

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESSSALES AGENTS

NEW YORK

LEMCKE & BUECHNER30-32 WEST 27TH STREET

LONDON

HUMPHREY MILFORDAMEN CORNER, E.G.

SHANGHAI

EDWARD EVANS AND SON, LTD.

30 NORTH SZECHUEN ROAD

\ 5544 S

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY ORIENTAL STUDIES

VOLUME XIV

A SUMERO-BABYLONIANSIGN LIST

TO WHICH IS ADDED

AN ASSYRIAN SIGN LISTAND A CATALOGUE OF THE

NUMERALS, WEIGHTS AND MEASURESUSED AT VARIOUS PERIODS

COMPILED BY

SAMUEL A. B. MERCER, PH.D., D.D.Professor of Hebrew and Old Testament

Western Theological Seminary

Chicago

J^teto

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

1918All rights reserved

Copyright, 1918

By COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY PRESS

Printed from type and plates, June, 1918

UNIVERSITY PRINTING OFFICE

COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY

HUNC LIBRUM

HUGHELL E. W. FOSBROKEMAGISTRO SUO ILLUSTRISSIMO

DEDICAT AUCTOR

CONTENTS

PAGE

Preface ix

Select Bibliography xi

A Guide to the Order of Signs I

Notes 2

Sumero-Babylonian Signs Archaic 3

Sumero-Babylonian Signs From Ur-Nina to Neo-Baby-lonian Period 13

Sumero-Babylonian Numerals, Weights and Measures . . . 225

Assyrian Signs 229

Assyrian Numerals, Weights and Measures 244

PREFACE

The object of this Sign List is a very practical one, namely, to

arrange all Sumerian and Babylonian signs in such a manner as to

enable the student to find them with comparative ease. Assyrian signs

have long ago been excellently classified. Beginnings have been madein the classification of Sumero-Babylonian signs. Scheil, Thureau-

Dangin, Amiaud and Mechineau, and Toscanne have done excellent

work. Their lists, however, were not compiled with a view to prac-

ticability. The most recent work on the subject is one by GeorgeA. Barton, whose chief object was to discuss the origin and development

of Babylonian writing. His sign list is, accordingly, incidental, and

not arranged with the practical needs of the translator primarily in

view.

In the present work an attempt has been made to collect and arrange

all independent Cuneiform signs. Cuneiform writing is of such a

nature as to have allowed much latitude in the writing of many signs.

For example, a sign with parallel wedges may have two or more such

parallel wedges. No attempt has been made to record all such vari-

ants; first, because variations are necessarily almost endless, without

being important, and, secondly, because of a desire to keep the List

within reasonable bounds. Hence, only independent signs, and those

signs whose variations would place them in a different order in the

List, have been collected.

The classification has been made as simple as possible; and all signs

have been arranged in a definite order, as set forth in a subsequent

table entitled, 'A Guide to the Order of Signs'. First, the Archaic

signs are classified, and are to be read from top to bottom; Assyrian

equivalents are given and a translation, usually syllabic, sometimes

idiographic, is added. It should be noticed that Archaic signs are some-

times found on seals on late tablets. Then, the Sumero-Babylonian

signs are arranged with their Assyrian equivalents and transliterations,

followed by Arabic numerals indicating the period to which the sign

belongs. The periods outlined by Barton in his 'Babylonian Writing'

have been adopted. The student is thus assisted by means of the nature

of the script in dating his text. Next, the Sumero-Babylonian numer-

als, weights and measures are arranged in the same order (not in tabu-

lar form) with a view to facilitating the identification of individual

signs. Finally, for convenience, a list of Assyrian signs is given with

transliterations; and that is followed by the Assyrian numerals,

weights and measures, arranged in the same order.

The raison d'etre of this Sign List is : first, a practical arrangement,in one great group, of all independent and irregular-variant Sumero-

Babylonian signs with their Assyrian equivalents; and secondly, an

insertion on the same page, for practical purposes, of the most impor-

tant transliterations of the Sumero-Babylonian signs. The more un-

usual equivalents can easily be found in Briinnow, Barton, and else-

where. No English translations have been supplied, as that belongs

to glossaries, of which there are several good ones. No cross references

have been given, despite the fact that the same sign sometimes, thoughnot often, is recorded in more places than one. It seemed that no pur-

pose would be served by such references, and the plates would be

comparatively crowded. The Sumero-Babylonian space has pur-

posely been made wide to allow for the insertion of variants by the

student. Space has been left at the end of the 'Archaic' and 'Sumero-

Babylonian' sections for the addition of new and variant signs, accord-

ing as the student finds them.

In acknowledging obligations to my predecessors in this field, I

should like to single out Professor Barton whose splendid book, 'The

Origin and Development of Babylonian Writing', I have had continu-

ally by my side. In fact, his work anticipated, in a way, what I

myself had begun to do in the year 1910. For many years I have felt

the need of a Sumero-Babylonian sign list, as complete as possible,

with Assyrian equivalents and the most important transliterations, and

I have now ventured to put forth this compilation with the feeling that

it will be useful to others as well as to myself. It would be superfluous

to record the titles of all the works which I have used, directly or in-

directly, in the preparation of this Sign List. This is especially true

of the numerous publications of texts, all of which I have constantly

used. I shall content myself with giving, as a select bibliography, a

list of those works, other than publications of texts, which I have had

as my continual companions in my work, and to whose distinguished

authors I render due homage. Finally, I take pleasure in acknowledg-

ing the kindness of my two friends, Dr. Stephen Langdon and Dr.

J. A. Maynard, in allowing me often to consult their expert knowledge.

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY

AMIAUD, A., et MECHINEAU, L., Tableau Compar6, 2eid., Paris, 1902

BRUNNOW, R. E., A Classified List, Leiden, 1887

BARTON, G. A., Babylonian Writing, I-II, Leipzig, 1913

CLAY, A. T., Documents from the Temple Archives of Nippur, Phila-

delphia, 1906

CLAY, A. T., Business Documents of Murashu Sons of Nippur, Phila-

delphia, 1904

DELITZSCH, F., Assyrisches Handworterbuch, Leipzig, 1896

DELITZSCH, F., Assyrische Lesestiicke, 5teAuflage, Leipzig, 1912

DELITZSCH, F., Die Entstehung des altesten Schriftsystems, Leipzig, 1897

DELITZSCH, F., Sumerisches Glossar, Leipzig, 1914

HINKE, W. J., Kudurriu Inscriptions, Leiden, 1911

HARPER, R. F., The Code of Hammurabi, Chicago, 1904

HAUPT, P., Akkadische und Sumerische Keilschrifttexte, Leipzig, 1881-1882

LANGDON, S., A Sumerian Grammar, Paris, 1911

LAU, R. J., Old Babylonian Temple Records, New York, 1906

LEGRAIN, L., Le Temps des Rois d'Ur (Planches), Paris, 1912

MEISSNER, B., Assyrisch-Babylonische Chrestomathie, Leiden, 1895

MEISSNER, B., Seltene assyrische Idiogramme, Leipzig, I9o6ff.

MEISSNER, B., Supplement zu den assyrischen Worterbiichern, Leiden, 1898

MENANT, Le syllabaire assyrien, Tom. I et II, Paris, 1869-1873

MUSS-ARNOLT, W., A Concise Dictionary of the Assyrian Language,vols. I-II, Berlin, 1905

MYHRMAN, D. W., Sumerian Administrative Documents, Philadelphia, 1910

NESBIT, W. M., Sumerian Records from Drehem, New York, 1914

PINCHES, T. G., An Outline of Assyrian Grammar, London, 1910

PRICE, I. M., The Great Cylinder Inscription of Gudea, Leipzig, 1899

PRINCE, J. D., Materials for a Sumerian Lexicon, Leipzig, 1905-1908

RANKE, H., Legal and Business Documents, Philadelphia, 1906

REISNER, G. A., Sumerisch-babylonische Hymnen, Berlin, 1896

REISNER, G. A., Tempelurkunden aus Telloh, Berlin, 1901

SCHEIL, V., Signes Archai'ques, Paris, 1898

STRASSMAIER, J.N.,AlphabetischesVerzeichnisder assyrischen und akkadischen

Worter, Leipzig, i882ff.

TOSCANNE, P., Les Ideogrammes Cuneiformes, Paris, 1908

THUREAU-DANGIN. F., Recherches sur 1'origine de 1'Ecriture Cuneiforme,

Paris, 1898-1899

UNGNAD, A., Selected Business Documents, Leiden, 1908

WINCKLER, H., Liste ausgewahlter Keilschriftzeichen, Leipzig, 1893

A GUIDE TO THE ORDER OF SIGNS

Hr

H-

Hf

YH1

Mr

>-rcr

jr

Nf

T

IT

m

NOTES

. Trig SOMI.Si^x,

1.4 S*w*fc>w^ euA. i/n. TumHitn. nu Woct ^. J jS^Ci. LS ,

if

"

'

'

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r

i 9- > ,\ -^ 4 T TI ' '

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5. OaA^/uUntu/L ^cOwuS /wiJUcaiti. %tktfuunL a 4T)uj3* TSa

u

= t tLu^tjttu IS : VCIS^ WtAi&nujm ckf+JMtu~f~J , ~f- VJ.*y,

s-

7 jitMiOjuJi Hj^tnajutuiJlfj .

ike.jltuS St^ic

tetutem. SuLtLJUes indicate* ~tkaX ~fh traJhu ttmi w^lSt^

rt fh &*n. -Muni, ouwn^,

I. SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS

i. ARCHAIC

Vr

P-

P*

R

81

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, T

U.U

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o

D

u

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5

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ET

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SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS

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ARCHAIC

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(

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8 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS

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ARCHAIC 9

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IO SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SIGNS

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u

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fi

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i

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ra

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WL

2. FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD

OU/mc/

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Set, si, no/s

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONI AN PERIOD 15

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16 SUMERO-BABYLONIAN SKINS

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A BYLON IAN PERIOD 17

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18 SUM KRO- BABYLONIAN SIGNS

St

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A

FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B AB YLONIAN PERIOD 21

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 25

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONIAN PERIOD 29

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONIAN PERIOD 33

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BAB YLONI AN PERIOD 35

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BAB VLONIAN PERIOD 53

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO-BABYLONIAN PERIOD 55

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BABYLON IAN PERIOD 65

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68 S U M E R O - B A U Y L O N I A N SIGNS

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- BABYLONIAN PERIOD 69

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FROM UR-NINA TO NEO- B A B YLONI AN PERIOD 71

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