a study on renewable energy resources in india

8/2/2019 A Study on Renewable Energy Resources in India

1/39


2/39

A PRESENTATION

ON

A STUDY ON RENEWABLE

ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA


3/39

Contents

India power scenario

Some salient features

Types of renewable energy

Solar energy Hydro electric power

Wind energy

Biomass Biofuel

Conclusion


4/39

INDIA POWER SCENARIO A total of 185.5 GW installed capacity as on

November 2011. 65% thermal, 21% hydro and rest being of solar ,

wind ,small hydro , biomass , nuclear etc.

As on December 2011, the installed capacity of

wind power 15.9 GW. As of January 2012, the per capita total

consumption in India to be 778 kWh.

As of August 2011 , the states and UTs of India with

power surplus were Himachal Pradesh , Gujarat ,Sikkim , Tripura, Delhi, and Dadra and NagarHaveli.

Indias network losses 32% in 2010 in which majorlosses were because of transmission and

distribution while around 10% was because of theft.


5/39

Some salient features

Indian clean energy sector is a US $20 bnopportunity annually.

The total potential of small hydro powerand biomass energy is estimated at 15 GW

and 18 GW respectively. Global 3rd best investment destination in

renewable energy sector. Global rank 8th for investments made in

clean energy technology. Cleantech sector has the potential to

generate 10 mn jobs in India by 2025.


6/39

Difference b/w Clean energyand Renewable energyClean energy:

It is simply any form ofenergy which is created with clean,

harmless and non polluting methods.Renewable energy:

It is any type ofenergy which comes from renewablenatural resources, such as wind ,sunlight , rain , geothermal, biomass ,tides etc.


7/39

Types of renewable energy

The various types of renewable energyresources are given below

1. Solar energy

2. Hydro Electric power

3. Wind energy

4. Bio-mass energy

5. Bio fuels

6. Geothermal power etc.


8/39

Solar energy

The total energy received by earthannually is 35000 times the energy usedby man.

In other words, the suns power flowreaching the earth is typically about1000 watts per sq. mtr.

India gets solar irradiation ranging from

4 to 7 kWh/sq. mtr./ day across thecountry.


9/39

Solar energy production

1. The first indian solar thermal power project(2*50MW) is in progress in Phalodi(Rajasthan).

2. In November 2009, govt. of India launched itsJawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.

3. India plans to generate 1 GW of power by2013 and up to 20GW grid based solar powerand cover 20 mn sq. mtrs. with solar energy

collectors by 2020.4. Further it is again be increased to 100 GW

and 200 GW by 2030 and 2050 respectively.


10/39


11/39


12/39

Solar energy applications

Solar water heaters

Solar cookers

SPV systems


13/39

Advantages

Long life

Various forms of energy.


14/39

Disadvantages of solarpower Initial cost.

Large area.

Pollution decreases the efficiency ofphotovoltaic cells.

Useful in days only.


15/39

Hydro electric power

Here the potential of falling water undergravity is utilized to rotate a turbine whichis coupled to a generator and henceelectricity is generated.

In 1878, the world's first hydroelectricpower scheme was developed in England.

In 1898, the power plant at Darjeeling was

established with capacity of 130 kW. In 1902, the power plant of capacity 4.5

MW was established in Karnataka.


16/39

India hydro potential

India ranks 5th in terms of exploitablehydro potential on global scenario.

Indias total viable hydro potential is

assessed to be about 84GW.

With 56 sites for pumped storageschemes, an aggregate installed

capacity of 94GW.At present ,Indias total hydro power

installed capacity is around 39GW.


17/39

P= 735.5 QH/75 (kW)

P= power generated

Q= discharge, m3/s

H= waterhead , m

= overall efficiency of turbinealternator set.


18/39


19/39

Advantages

Flexibility

Low power cost

Suitability for industrial applications.

Reduced CO2 emissions.

Other uses of reservoir.


20/39

Disadvantages

Initial capital cost.

Flooding

Rehabilitation problem

Serious geological damage.

Neighboring countries disputes.

Alteration of natural water table level.


21/39

Wind energy

The development of wind power in India began inthe 1983-84 towards the end of the Sixth plan.

Over the last decade global wind installations have

continued to grow at an average growth rate ofaround 30%.

The gross potential for wind energy in India isaround 48.5GW.

As of December 2011, the total installed capacityof wind power was 15.9 GW.

It is estimated that 6 GW of additional wind power

capacity will be installed in India by 2012.


22/39

The states producing wind power areTamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Gujarat ,Karnataka, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh, Kerala ,Orissa, WestBengal arranged in descending order.

The state of Gujarat is estimated to have

the maximum gross wind powerpotential in India, with a potential of 10.6GW.


23/39

Power generated= air density projected area (average windcapacity)3


24/39


25/39


26/39

Disadvantages

Varying strength of wind

Necessity of large wind farms

Noisy in nature


27/39

Biomass energy

Oldest means of energy.

Biomass is converted into gas through agasifier after combustion. This biomasscould be used to generate steam orpower or used as a fuel.

Distributed form of energy.


28/39

Biomass gasifier

Rice husk , crop stalks , small wood chips,other agro-residues can be used in biomassgasifier technologies.

During 2011 , India installed 25 rice husk

based gasifier systems systems for distributedpower generation in 70 remote villages ofBihar.

In addition, gasifier systems are being installedat 60 rice mills in India.

During the year , biomass gasifier projects of1.2 MW in Gujarat and 0.5 MW in Tamil Naduwere installed.


29/39

Biogas

Indian govt. has approved 21 projects withaggregate capacity of 37016 cubic meterper day, of which 2 projects have beensuccessfully commissioned by December

2011 These projects have aim for generation,

purification/enrichment , bottling and pipeddistribution of gas.

During 2011, some 45000 small scalebiogas plants were installed. India has installed 4.44 million small scale

biogas plants.


30/39

India is rich in biomass and has apotential of 16881 MW(agro-residuesand plantations) , 2700MW (energy

recovery from waste).

Biomass power industry in India

generating more than 5000 million unitsof electricity is very attractive.


31/39

Advantages

Solid waste management

Ecological balance.


32/39

Disadvantages

Pollution

Land usage

Expensive technology

Limited potential


33/39

Bio fuel

It is an alternative fuel that can be used indiesel engines and provides power similarto conventional diesel fuel.

Today , 21 countries worldwide, produce

biodiesel. 11 million hectares can yield a revenue of

approximately Rs. 20000 cr a year provideemployment to over 12 million people both

for plantation and running of extractionplants. India has 50 million Ha of wasteland.


34/39

Production methods

Jatropha is one of the means by whichthe bio fuel can be produced.

Another option is Algae .If output is

compared in terms of oil in liter per acre, it is better than Jatropha by 100 times.

Here input is CO2. Just using these two

things algae grows and from here oil canbe extracted which further can beutilized to produce bio-fuel.


35/39

Advantages

Used in unmodified form.

Biodegradable.

Environment friendly.

Economical.


36/39

Disadvantages

Non availability.

Lack of govt. policies.

Alone use is difficult.


37/39

Conclusion

By the technical advancement andresearch the price of production can belaid down.

Tapping Indias wind, solar, biomass,hydro etc. power can make many morejobs.

Renewable energy is the need of time.

With a strong economic growth, we havealso the responsibility for a healthyenvironment.


38/39

References

Maps of India http://www.mapsofindia.com

U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

http://mospi.nic.in/mospi_energy_stat.htm

Global Energy Network Institute (GENI)www.geni.org

ZenithEnergyhttp://www.zenithenergy.com/index.HTM

http://www.greenbusinesscentre.com/renenegy.asp

Centre for Wind Energy Technologywww.cwet.tn.nic.in


39/39

Thank you

a study on renewable energy resources in india

Documents