a story of high expectations and low usage figures

ENUM in AustriaA story of high expectations and low usage figures

Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for

Telecommunications and Broadcasting

The opinions expressed in this presentation are the personal view of the author and do not prejudge decisions of the Austrian regulatory authorities.

19.05.2009 .my ENUM Seminar – Kuala Lumpur

One of my slides from 2001 …

ENUM: The Key to Convergen

ce?

ENUM


“Traditional" Public Switch

ed

Telephone Network (PSTN)

The Internet

Easy to use

64 kBit/s Channels

Telephone numbers

Reliable

High AvailabilitySimple and Safe

(No) Plug & Play

Domain Names

Multitude of Services

Best Effort

Viruses Spam

User AccountsSIP AORs

… and Usage Figures from 2009


Agenda

What is ENUM? >>

The Austrian ENUM Story1

0

The Austrian ENUM Story

Lessons Learned

Way Forward

1

2

3

The Austrian ENUM Story1

Warming

�

Forming

�

Storming

�

Phases of the Austrian ENUM Story

� � �

Norming

�

Performing

�

Mourning

�


From � Warming to � Forming …

� August 2001

� First public consultation conducted by RTR (i.e. the Austrian Regulatory Authority)

� February 2002

� (User) ENUM Workshop organized by RTR

� Group of interested partners formed � Austrian ENUM Trial Platform

� May 2002

� Delegation request by RTR to RIPE, ITU-TSB for 3.4.e164.arpa

� June 2002

� 3.4.e164.arpa delegated to RTR

� ENUM Tier 1 Registry in operation by NIC.AT (i.e. Austrian ccTLD Registry)

� September 2002

� Austrian ENUM Trial Platform officially established


RTR‘s main focus in phase 1/2

� Acting as an enabler for innovative technology

� §1 Austrian Telecommunications Act mandates promotion of innovation

� Inform market players – discuss opportunities and threats

� White paper

� Public consultation(s)

� Public workshop

� Prepare landscape for first trials

� Providing platform for interested parties

� Clarify responsibilities regarding Austrian ENUM Domain

� File application for delegation of Austrian ENUM Domain

� Persuade the sceptics


ENUM Tier 1 Registry

� Responsibility for Numbering in Austria (+43)

� � RTR, i.e. the Regulatory Authority

� Responsibility for Austrian ENUM Domain (3.4.e164.arpa)

� � RTR

� Responsibility for ENUM Tier 1 Registry

� Responsibility for ENUM Tier 1 Registry

� General � RTR

� Admin Contact � RTR

� Tech + Zone Contact � Outsourced to nic.at (later to found enum.at)

� ENUM trial framework between RTR-GmbH and trial partners

� Policy framework for ENUM trial in Austria

� Evaluating processes between registry and registrars

� Working on (re-)validation processes regarding the right to use number


From � Storming to � Norming …

� September 2002

� ENUM Tier 2 Name Server in operation by Telekom Austria

� November 2002

� Policy Framework available

� Official start of Austrian ENUM trial

� First Live Demo in Atlanta, GA (Fall VON)

� December 2002

� Ready to invite friendly ENUM subscribers and users

� October 2003

� 1st part of trial completed, 2nd phase (business customers) started

� December 2003

� Large Scale ENUM and VoIP Pilot started at Vienna University (AT43)



� Ensuring integrity of E.164 Numbering Space and related 3.4.e164.arpa ENUM Domain Space

� Compilation of transparent framework for usage of Austrian ENUM Domain

� Definition of requirements regarding identification and validation

� Ensuring adherence to the framework� Ensuring adherence to the framework

� Enabling of maximum competition on ENUM Tier 2 level

� ENUM Registrar, ENUM Name Server Provider, ENUM Validation Entity

� ENUM Service Provider

� Consumer Protection

� Ensuring secrecy of telecommunications

� Preventing lock-in scenarios

� Ensuring end-customer opt-in


The Legal Framework (I)

� New Austrian Telecommunications Law (TKG 2003)

� In force since August 20th 2003

� Based on the New European Legal Framework

� New Austrian Numbering Ordinance

� In force since May 12th 2004, Amendment of October 18th 2006

� Taking ENUM into account

� +43 720 for national portable numbers and VoIP (semi-nomadic)

� +43 780 for VoIP and ENUM (nomadic)

� Definition of number ranges to be available for ENUM

� � see next slide


Number Ranges made available for ENUM

C

Mobile numbers - (0)6B� Also pre-paid numbers are usable

� Validation by premium rate SMS

Geographic numbers A� (Used to be) Most common numbers

� Validation by postal mail and PIN

Numbers for convergent services - (0)780 F

� Designated for the use with ENUM

� Gateway to the PSTN required

Private networks - 05C� Numbers directly assigned to enduser

� Validation via assignment document

Location independent fixed network numbers - (0)720 E

� Usable for VoIP

� Also possible as „Personal Numbers“


Toll free numbers - (0)800 D� Commercially interesting numbers

� Validation via assignment document

ENUM-driven Number Range (0)780

� Number format: +43 780 abcdef (ghi)

� Prior delegation of ENUM domain required for assignment of number

� Registrar has to provide a Generic Gateway (for this number range)

� Cancellation of ENUM domain will (also) relinquish the number� Cancellation of ENUM domain will (also) relinquish the number

� No validation problem as the domain delegation is necessary as the firststep (domains delegated on a first come first served policy)

� Decoupling of number range allocation and gateway operator

� Any gateway may route the whole number range, just needs to be able toquery ENUM � These gateways are called Generic Gateways (GG)

� Commercial delegation of domains starting May 2005


The Generic Gateway

Generic

Calling Party A

ENUMTier 1

ENUMTier 2

Generic Gateway

Called Party B

Registration

PSTN

Tier 2

Internet


And finally from � Performing to � Mourning …

� October 2003� Decision to start preparation for commercial deployment

� May 2004� New Numbering Ordinance defines ENUM-driven number range (780)

� August 2004

� August 2004� Contract signed with enum.at concerning a commercial phase

� November 2004� End of ENUM trial / Commercial ENUM services made available

� May 2005� ENUM enabled number range 780 finally added

� April 2006� Addendum to ENUM Agreement allowing Infrastructure ENUM in Austria

� Since then� Desperately seeking ENUM users …



� Ensuring smooth transition into commercial phase

� Signing of contract with ENUM Tier 1 Registry regarding U-ENUM

� Monitoring policy framework requirements

� Setting track for Infrastructure ENUM

� Work on policy framework

� Signing of contract with ENUM Tier 1 Registry regarding I-ENUM

� Reducing regulatory involvement

� Phasing out of project-oriented work

� Establishing of monitoring processes

� …

� Allowing ENUM to stand on its own feet …


The Legal Framework (II)

� Contract between RTR and Tier 1 Registry (enum.at)� Signed in August 2004 for a period until the end of 2007 (now ext. to 2009)

� Policy framework for ENUM in Austria for 3.4.e164.arpa domain

� Basic technical, operational and administrative requirements

� Validation guidelines for Registrars

� Validation guidelines for Registrars

� E.g. defining error values depending on the number of delegations with severalprocedures occurring when this values are exceeded

� Addendum to the existing agreement between RTR and enum.at� Signed in April 2006 allowing the commercial usage of Infrastructure ENUM

� Allowing communication service providers to enter numbers of their subscribersinto a separate sub-domain and to add provider-relevant information (e.g. forrouting or billing).


Regulatory Involvement over Time

Degree of regulatory involvement

I-ENUMPolicy

Framework

ENUMTrial

Platform

� � � � � � Phase


Kick-start process

U-ENUMPolicy

Framework

Framework

enum.at - The official Austrian ENUM Registry

http://www.enum.athttp://www.enum.at


IPcom - One of 13 Austrian ENUM Registrars

http://www.my-enum.at/http://www.my-enum.at/


ENUM Delegations in Austria by Q1/2009

7000

8000

Delegations per Number Range


Q0405

Q0106

Q0206

Q0306

Q0406

Q0107

Q0207

Q0307

Q0407

Q0108

Q0208

Q0308

Q0408

Q0109

mobile

800

5

720

780

geo

overall0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

mobile

800

5

720

780

geo

overall

Numbers in ENUM by 07.05.2009

http://crawler.enum.at


Lessons learned2

User ENUM

� General Principle

� End-users should opt-in to ENUM with their existing phone numbers on the PSTN under the domain e164.arpa to provide other end-users with the capability to look up contact URIs on the Internet the above end-user wants to link to his number

� Weaknesses

� Weaknesses

� Most VoIP providers do not provide end-users with SIP URIs to be reached on the Public Internet (i.e. without generating termination income)

� Only the calling party benefits from an ENUM Record of the called party

� Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law1

� Country opt-in � regulators involvement slowing process down

� End-user opt-in � slowing process down further more

� General Scepticism of providers

1) the value of a telecommunications network is proportional to the square of the number of users of the system (n2)


User ENUM (cont’d)

� Weaknesses (cont’d)

� National level:

� High tariffs to ENUM-driven number range (+43 780)

� International level

� ENUM-driven number ranges not routed from abroad at all

� ENUM-driven number ranges not routed from abroad at all

� “Unknown” number range not implemented

� “Suspect” number range not implemented

� High tariffs to “unknown” number range


Infrastructure ENUM


� Providers should opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. i.3.4.e164.arpa for Austria) to provide other providers with details of their networks‘ ingress points.

� Weaknesses� Weaknesses

� Provider Opt-In

� Country Opt-In (again)

� Single Tree

� What type of tree?

� Who is responsible?

� How to get all providers on that tree?

� How to deal with private ENUM deployments?

� Chicken and egg problem (with number of ENUM delegations and ENUM services) and the statistics of Metcalfe’s Law (again)


Private ENUM


� Providers opt-in to ENUM with the telephone numbers of their subscribers under a defined domain (e.g. e164.info) to provide fellow providers with details of their subscribers SIP AoRs.

� Also called Operator ENUM, Enterprise ENUM or Carrier ENUM

� Also called Operator ENUM, Enterprise ENUM or Carrier ENUM

� Current service provider interconnect

� Private ENUM in a walled garden scenario

� SIP Exchange with restricted access on the Internet

� Public tree not in e164.arpa

� Weaknesses

� Limited reach

� No global solution

� How to peer with other federations?


Way forward3

General Benefits of ENUM remain (1/2)

� ENUM is using the DNS

� it’s there, it works, it’s global, it scales, it’s reliable, it’s open, anyone can use it…

� � Saving CAPEX

� Enables originating administrative domain to do an All Call Query (ACQ) to find destination network

find destination network

� � Ultimate solution in Number Portability

� Provisioning is done only by the destination (recipient) administrative domain for the E.164 numbers this domain is hosting

� Saving OPEX

� Enables all multimedia (MM) services for E.164 numbers for all sessions on IP end-to-end

� Enables convergence (remember slide from 2001: ENUM – Key to Convergence?)


General Benefits of ENUM remain (2/2)

� The major benefits of Infrastructure ENUM for (VoIP) carriers and (VoIP) service providers is to save costs

� Minimal CAPEX for setting up the required infrastructure to provide the routing data

� Minimal OPEX for maintaining routing data

� Minimal OPEX for maintaining routing data

� Announce the E.164 numbers you host (in ENUM)

� Announce the domains you host (in DNS)

� Make bilateral or multilateral peering agreements

� Query ENUM and DNS to find any other destination provider


Final Considerations (1/2)

� ENUM already successfully used

� ... in Private ENUM deployments (XConnect, e164.info, SPIDER, …)

� ENUM still strongly in the focus of standardisation

� IETF: WG ENUM, WG SPEERMINT, WG P2PSIP

� ETSI/3GPP: ENUM as a building block of the NGN control layer

� Future mobile service framework

� GSMA: strongly promoting Private ENUM to be used in their IPX framework

� Private domain e164enum.net

� Not connected to the public DNS

� Database possibly linking 2 billion mobile subscriber within the reach of GSMA

� Path Finder (GSMA number translation service)


Final Considerations (2/2)

� ENUM has left its infancy years

� Has been well supported, gained attention and is deployed in a couple of places

� ENUM now needs more industry support

� Standardisation bodies, operators and service providers, service developers

� Technological innovation will do its part

� Migration to IP-based NGNs will further promote the ENUM case

� Industry solutions will emerge


Thank you.! Thank you.!

Kurt ReichingerAustrian Regulatory Authority for Telecommunications and Broadcasting

Mail: kurt.reichinger[at]rtr.atFon: +43 1 58058 306ENUM: 6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa

Backup - What is ENUM?3

What is ENUM?

�Electronic NUmber Mapping: “ … the mapping of Telephone Numbers to Uniform Resource Identifiers (URIs) using the Domain Name System (DNS) in the domain e164.arpa …”

� ENUM is an IETF standard (RFC 3761) finalized in April 2004 that allows

� ENUM is an IETF standard (RFC 3761) finalized in April 2004 that allows users and applications to use a telephone number to access a listing of Internet resources (URI) for that number, such as addresses for IP telephony, e-mail or Web sites

� URIs are used to identify resources on the Internet (e.g. http://www.rtr.at )


What is ENUM?

TEL: +43 1 58058 306

FAX: +43 1 58058 9306

MOB: +43 664 1234567

E-Mail: [email protected]

Web: www.rtr.at

VoIP: [email protected]

GATEWAY

NUMBER TO URI

MAPPING

ENUM


ENUM is like an inquiry service

Who is +43 1 58058 306 ?

Can somebody help me ?

[email protected]@fwd.pulver.comwww.rtr.at+43 664 1234567Kurt Reichinger | RTR | Tech. Dept.


I have some information !


ENUM

+43 1 58058 306 [email protected]

[email protected]

4 Call Scenarios

PSTN Internet+43 1 2083639

+43 1 58058 306 [email protected]

+43 1 2083639

+43 1 2083639 +43 1 2083639


ENUM Domain Name

+43 1 58058 306

43158058306

� „Fully qualified E.164 telephone number“

60385085134

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4

6.0.3.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa � „Fully qualified domain name“

As a result of an ENUM Lookup for this domain one gets back the IP-Address of the server where the data of the user of the corresponding telephone number are stored. Now this information can be retrieved


ENUM NAPTR RRs

ENUM Name Server>> Agenda


$ORIGIN 7.1.4.8.5.0.8.5.1.3.4.e164.arpa.

IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^.*$!sip:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 10 “u” “E2U+email” “!ˆ^.*$!mailto:[email protected]!”.IN NAPTR 10 20 “u” “E2U+voice” “!ˆ^(.*$)$!tel:+436641234567!”.usw.

NAMING AUTHORITY POINTERRESOURCE RECORD


a story of high expectations and low usage figures

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