a standard for geospatial observations and measurements
TRANSCRIPT
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A standard for geospatial observations and measurements
Simon Cox | Research Scientist | Environmental Information Infrastructures28 August 2015
LAND AND WATER
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Standards for observation data
• Motivation and development
• Earth-science and environmental applications
• Semantics
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Origins
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1995
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX• Exploration data standards
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX• Exploration data standards
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX -2010 AuScope• Exploration data standards
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX -2010 AuScope• Exploration data standards
• 2002-2005 OGC SWE• Sensors anywhere
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX -2010 AuScope• Exploration data standards
• 2002-2005 OGC SWE• Sensors anywhere
• 2005-2013 Fluid Earth• Water informatics
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
A bit of history
• 1993-2000 AGCRC• Web-mapping• Reporting research online
• 1999-2004 XMML, ADX -2010 AuScope• Exploration data standards
• 2002-2005 OGC SWE• Sensors anywhere
• 2005-2013 WIRADA• Water informatics
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Motivation for a standard
All of society’s grand challenges require data to be shared and integrated across cultures, scales and technologies
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Motivation for a standard
• Integrated analysis and modelling
• Discovery & data integration a significant challenge
• Standard vocabularyMany private contracts
one public agreement!
Remote sensing
Sensor
Value
Parameter
Scene
Earth science
Algorithm, code, simulator
Model, field
Variable
Volume, grid
Metrology
Instrument
Value
Measurand
Sample
Chemistry
Instrument, analytical process
Analysis
Analyte
Sample
Environmental monitoring
Gauge, sensor
Value, time-series
Parameter
Station
Observations & Measurements
procedure
result
observed property
feature of interest
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
SWE/O&M
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O&M
OM_Observation
+ phenomenonTime+ resultTime+ validTime [0..1]+ resultQuality [0..*]+ parameter [0..*]
GF_PropertyType
GFI_Feature
OM_Process Any
+observedProperty
1
0..*
+featureOfInterest 1
0..*
+procedure1 +result
An Observation is an action whose result is an estimate of the value of some property of the feature-of-interest, obtained using a specified procedure
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0 ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Scope
• In situ observations• Remote sensing• Ex-situ observations• Numerical models/simulations• Forecasts
Any action whose result is an estimate of a property value
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Specimen
Sampling features
Observation
SamplingFeature
+ Parameter + lineage
Feature
0..*
SpatialSamplingFeature
+ positionalAccuracy
+relatedObservation 0..*
SamplingSolidSamplingPoint SamplingCurve SamplingSurface
Intention
+sampledFeature
SamplingFeatureComplex
+ role
0..*
+relatedSamplingFeature0..*
+relatedObservation
0..*
Profile
Section
Station
Borehole
MapHorizonScene
Mine
Cox, OGC Abstract Specification – Topic 20: Observations and Measurements 2.0 ISO 19156:2011 Geographic Information – Observations and measurements
GM_Object+shape
Harmonized with CSML, NCAR
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Integrated into ISO 19100 frameworkISO dependencies
• gf - Feature ISO 19109
• cv - Coverage (fields) ISO 19123
• md - Metadata ISO 19115• gm - Geometry ISO 19107• tm - Temporal ISO 19108• basic - Datatypes ISO 19103
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
OGC Sensor Web Enablement
• SensorML• O&M
• Sensor Observation Service• Sensor Planning Service
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Observations & Measurements
procedure
result
observed property
feature of interest
result time
phenomenon time
valid time
procedure
Provider or consumer?
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
OM_Observation
+ phenomenonTime+ resultTime+ validTime [0..1]+ resultQuality [0..*]+ parameter [0..*]
GFI_PropertyTypeGFI_Feature
OM_ProcessGFI_DomainFeature Any
+observedProperty
1+propertyValueProvider
0..*
+featureOfInterest
1
+generatedObservation0..*
+procedure1 +result
Range
observed propertyParameter dictionary
procedureRegister of sensors,
processes & algorithms
feature of interestFeature-type catalogue
Feature service
result format: GML, SWE, netCDF, JSON, SQLite ...
Domain specialization
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Applications
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
WaterML2 specializes O&M
class Context diagram: TimeseriesObserv ation
«FeatureType»TimeseriesObservation
OM_Process
«FeatureType»Procedures::
ObservationProcess
MD_Metadata
«Type»ObservationMetadata
«FeatureType»observation::OM_Observation
+ phenomenonTime :TM_Object+ resultTime :TM_Instant+ validTime :TM_Period [0..1]+ resultQuality :DQ_Element [0..*]+ parameter :NamedValue [0..*]
«FeatureType»coverageObserv ation::
OM_DiscreteCov erageObservation
«FeatureType»Timeseries (TVP) Observ ation::
TimeseriesTVPObserv ation
«FeatureType»TimeseriesDomainRangeObserv ation
«FeatureTyp...General Feature
Instance::GFI_Feature
«metaclass»General Feature Model::
GF_PropertyType{root}
+ memberName :LocalName+ definition :CharacterString
«FeatureType»Timeseries::Timeseries
+metadata
0..1
+generatedObservation0..*
+procedure
1
+propertyValueProvider0..*
Domain+featureOfInterest
1
0..*+relatedObservation 0..*
Phenomenon
+observedProperty
1
Range +result
Name:Package:Version:Author:
Context diagram: TimeseriesObservation«RequirementsClass» Timeseries Observation1.0CSIRO
• Result is a time-series• Observed-property
relates to water
• Key predecessors:• CUAHSI WaterML• WDTF
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
WaterML-WQ constrains O&M and WaterML
«FeatureType»measurement::
OM_Measurement
AnyFeature
«FeatureType»observation::OM_Observation
+ parameter :NamedValue [0..*]+ phenomenonTime :TM_Object+ resultQuality :DQ_Element [0..*]+ resultTime :TM_Instant+ validTime :TM_Period [0..1]
constraints{observedProperty shall be a phenomenon associated with the feature of interest}{procedure shall be suitable for observedProperty}{result type shall be suitable for observedProperty}{a parameter.name shall not appear more than once}
Units of Measure::Measure{root}
+ value :Number
+ convert(UnitOfMeasure*) :Measure
«FeatureType»General Feature
Instance::GFI_Feature
«metaclass»General Feature Model::
GF_PropertyType{root}
«metaclass»General Feature Model::
GF_FeatureType
«FeatureType»observation::OM_Process
Metadata entity set information::
MD_Metadata
«FeatureType»cov erageObservation::
OM_DiscreteCoverageObservation
«FeatureType»Timeseries Observation::TimeseriesObservation
«FeatureType»Timeseries (TVP) Observation::
TimeseriesTVPObservation
The XML element om:result SHALL have a uom property that is an instance of the owl:Class http://qudt.org/schema/qudt#Unit as defined in http://resources.data.gov.au/water/def/water-quality/wq-quantity.
The XML element om:observedProperty SHALL have an xlink:href property that is an instance of the http://qudt.org/schema/qudt#Quantity scheme as defined in http://resources.data.gov.au/water/def/water-quality/wq-quantity.
The XML element om:featureOfInterest SHOULD have an xlink:href property that is an instance of a GroundWaterML 1 GroundWaterBody feature or sub-type of HydrologicUnit feature as specified in the XML schema at http://ngwd-bdnes.cits.nrcan.gc.ca/service/gwml/schemas/gwml.xsdORThe XML element om:featureOfInterest SHOULD have an xlink:href property that is an instance of an OGC HY_Features HY_HydroFeature or sub-type as specified at "HY_Features: a Common Hydrologic Feature Model Discussion Paper OGC 11-039r2"
«Type»Measurement (TVP) Timeseries::
MeasurementTimeseriesTVP
Timeseries
«FeatureType»Interleav ed (TVP) Timeseries::
TimeseriesTVP
TimeValuePair
«Type»Measurement (TVP) Timeseries::
MeasureTimeValuePair
+ value :Measure
«FeatureType»WQ_Measurement::WQ_Measurement
«FeatureType»WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObservation::WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVPObservation
«FeatureType»WQ_MeasurementTimeseriesTVP::WQ_MeasurementTimeSeriesTVP
«metaclass»WQ_Observation::WQ_PropertyType
O&M Classes
WaterML 2 Classes
Water Quality Classes
Legend
+generatedObservation 0..*
ProcessUsed
+procedure1
Phenomenon
+observedProperty
1
Metadata
+metadata 0..1
+result
Range
+collection
0..*CoverageFunction
+element
0..*
+result
0..*
+relatedObservation 0..*
+propertyValueProvider
0..*Domain
+featureOfInterest
1
+carrierOfCharacteristics
0..*
+theGF_FeatureType
1
«instanceOf»• Subject is a groundwater or geofabric feature
• observed property iswater-quality property
• units of measure must match
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28Environmental Information Standards | Simon Cox27 |
SamplingFeature
SpatialSamplingFeature Specimen
GeometrySoilSample SoilSpecimen
Domain Feature
Observation
ANZSoilML extends O&M Sampling Features
SoilThematicObject
Soil
SoilLandscape
SoilProfileElement
SoilSurface
StreamChannels
Climate
Vegetation
LandSurface
AnthropogenicActivity
SoilFeature
AbstractSoil
Landform
LandscapeFeature
... also GeoSciML
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Integration with existing SeaDataNet Standards
Existing ActivitySWE Adoption
Seismic
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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EU Air Quality Directive
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INSPIRE – OM
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12Z7-May 9-May8-May6-May5-May
00Z00Z12Z00Z12Z12Z00Z12Z 00Z
result
forecast : OM_Observation
parameter.name = “analysisTime”parameter.value = 2010-05-06T00:00ZphenomenonTime.begin = 2010-05-06T00:00ZphenomenonTime.end = 2010-05-09T12:00ZresultTime = 2010-05-06T04:30ZvalidTime [optional – not specified]resultQuality [optional – not specified]
ISO19156 Observations and measurements:also suitable for numerical simulations – including forecasts
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SamplingFeature as OM_Observation.featureOfInterest
In meteorology, we define a sampling regime that enables us to observe, measure or simulate the real-world. Sampling Features (from ISO 19156 ‘Observations and measurements’) provide a way to characterise this sampling regime and the relationship to the real-world.
:ComplexSamplingMeasurement03839:SF_SamplingPoint+featureOfInterest
:Point@srsName “EPSG:4326”
pos = “50.737 -3.405”
+shape
84579:NamedPlacename = “Exeter Airport” +sampledFeature
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
National Environmental Information Infrastructure
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Metadata Catalog
Observing Methods Register
Monitoring Sites Register
Vocabulary Service
Data Service (observations)
Data Service (geographies)
Dataset
Site Geography
Parameter
Instrument / Method Service
…
… … … … … … …
… … … … … … …
Integration through linking table
Observation
observed property
feature of interest procedure result
sampling feature
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CUAHSI - ODM2
Procedure
Observed property
Feature of Interest
result
Observation
OM_Observation+ phenomenonTime+ resultTime+ validTime [0..1]+ resultQuality [0..*]+ parameter [0..*]
GF_PropertyTypeGFI_Feature
OM_Process Any
+observedProperty
1
0..*
+featureOfInterest
1
0..*
+procedure1 +result
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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IGSN Sample Metadata- IGSN- ResourceURI- Registrant ID- timeStamp- status
IGSN Registry
- IGSN- Registrant- MetadataTimeSta
mp- Title- Description- SamplingLocation- SamplingTime- Distributor- Originator- SpecimenType- MaterialClass- SamplingMethod
SESAR Catalog
- IGSN- SampleEvent- SamplePhysicalSize- RelatedResource- SamplingMethodDetai
ls- ProcessingHistory- CurationHistory- More local detail…
Allocating Agent Catalog
ISO & OGC O&M compliant
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Application of O&M
• Direct• SOS + OMXML
– [Metadata for values from] data services• Specializations
– WaterML2, WaterML-WQ, SoilML, SeaDataNet, INSPIRE, WMO ...
• Bridging vocabulary for integration • TERENO (GFZ), NEII, ODM2, IGSN/SESAR, OBOE ...
• Checklist ... • Slots for implicit explicit for x-domain use
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Modernizing
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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XSD OWL from UML http://def.seegrid.csiro.au/isotc211/iso19156/2011/observation>
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
UML Model Output in OWL
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
W3C SSN Ontology <http://purl.oclc.org/NET/ssnx/ssn>
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
om-lite <http://def.seegrid.csiro.au/ontology/om/om-lite>
Sem. Web. Journal – in review
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
sam-lite <http://def.seegrid.csiro.au/ontology/om/sam-lite>
Sem. Web. Journal – in review
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
W3C PROV <http://www.w3.org/ns/prov>
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
SSN vs O&MTerm “Observation” is being used for different concepts in SSN cf O&MRecord of observation vs. observation event ?
Prov-O helps clarify, without getting tangled up in formal ‘Upper Ontologies’
ssn:Observation
om:Observation
new:ActivityOfSensing
om:Processssn:Sensor
om:Resultssn:SensorOutput
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Application of PROV to specimens
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Lessons
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Lessons
• Ontology for observations, models and forecasts• X-domain interoperability• Extensible, specialize with vocabularies, link to other ontologies
• Standards • A generic model can provide a checklist for design, and a basis for
harmonization and incremental design • Consensus introduces an overhead
• Change• Common conceptual model supports multiple implementations
• Widely used
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Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
Additional creditsO&M: Fowler & Odell; GeoSciML team; OGC; ISO/TC 211;
Rob Atkinson, Rob Woodcock(CSIRO)WaterML: CUAHSI; Gavin Walker, Pete Taylor, Laurent Lefort (CSIRO);
Paul Sheahan (BOM)Soil, WQ: Bruce Simons, Peter Wilson, Jonathan Yu (CSIRO); Alistair Ritchie (Landcare NZ)SeaDataNet: Jordi Sorribas, Paolo DiviaccoAQD: Michael Lutz, Ale Sarretta (JRC); Kathi Schleidt (Env. Agency Austria)WMO: Jeremy Tandy (UK Met Office); Aaron Braeckel (UCAR)NEII: Andrew Woolf, Dom Lowe (BOM)ODM2: Jeff HorsburghIGSN: Kerstin Lehnert (LDEO), Jens Klump (GFZ)Vocabulary services: Stuart Williams (Epimorphics), Roy Lowry, Adam Leadbetter (BODC)OWL, PROV: Nick Car, David Ratcliffe, Michael Compton (CSIRO)
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LAND AND WATER
Thank youCSIRO Land and WaterSimon CoxResearch Scientistt +61 3 9252 6342e [email protected] www.csiro.au/people/simon.cox
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Linked vocabularies can be shared and re-used
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
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Observables vocabulary
Simon Cox - RMIT 2015-08-28
dissolved nitrogenconcentration
nitrogen
elemental nitrogen(CHEBI_33267)
Concentration
MolePercent
MilliGramsPerLitreAmountOfSubstancePerUnitVolume
nitrogen concentration
+qudt:generalization
+objectOfInterest
+exactMatch
+qudt:quantityKind
+qudt:quantityKind
+qudt:generalization
+qudt:unit
+qudt:unit
+qudt:generalization
QUDT
WQOP
ChEBI