A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in Latin America and the Caribbean

Reflection and analysisSeptember, 2012

A response from the Society of Jesus to Human Mobility in

Latin America and the Caribbean

INDEX

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (LA&C)

2. THE RESPONSE OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS ON MIGRATION, DISPLACEMENT AND REFUGE IN LAC

3. REFLECTIONS ON THE OUTCOME OF THE INTERNAL MAPPING

4. MAJOR INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE EXTERNAL MAPPING

5. CONCLUSIONS: STRENGTH, WEAKNESS, OPPORTUNITIES, AND POSSIBLE AREAS OF COLABORATION

CHARACTERISTICS OF MIGRATION IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN (LA&C)

FIRST PART

Our region is a mosaic of all forms of migration. Many contrasts exist in the countries conforming it:

Most of the countries are mainly sources of migrants.

Argentina, Brazil, and Chile are mainly countries of reception.

Some other countries, like Mexico, Ecuador, and the Dominican Republic, are simultaneously, countries of origin, transit and destination of migrants.

In some subregions of the area, such as the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR), there are countries with a reasonable level of integration of migration policies.

There are borders, such as the US Southern border with Mexico, with uncontrollable porosity and increasing complexity and violence.

Fenced Borders, such as the Northern Border of Mexico with the U.S.

There are constitutions that recognize universal citizenship and free transit (Ecuador) vs legislation which denies nationality by ius solis (Dominican Republic).

FIRST PART

Main structural causes of migration:

POVERTY VIOLENCE WEALTH INEQUALITY

NATURAL DISASTERS

FAMILY REUNIFICATION

FIRST PART

United States72%

Intraregional11%

Spain9%

Canada2%

UK1%

Japan1% Other

4%

Main destinations of migrants from Latin America and the Caribbean (2009)

Source: International Migration in Latin America Research Project (IMILA-Celade)

FIRST PART

Paraguayans, Bolivians, and

PeruviansArgentina

Peruvians, Bolivians, and Ecuadorians

Chile, Brazil

Colombians

Ecuador, Venezuela, Panama,

Brazil

Main destinations of intra-regional migrants

Nicaraguans Costa Rica

Guatemalans Mexico

Haitians Dominican Republic,

rest of the Caribbean

Dominicans Puerto Rico

Main destinations of intra-regional migrants

Common Migration Trends:

From 2005 to 2010 a third of the young

people of the region emigrated.

Increasing participation of female

migrants

Increase of qualified migration, mostly

women.

The importance of remittances as the

main source of income for millions of families

Increasing vulnerability of undocumented

migrants

Major regional challenges

Urge social and economic policies (equitable development models) that create conditions to reduce migration.

Enforcement of migrants’ human rights regardless of their immigration status.

Decoupling of the economic concept of irregular migration from national security categories and, instead, link it with human development.

Promotion of immigration policies that respect the right to migrate regularly and encouragement of humane and dignified integration of those who currently are forced to do so irregularly.

Strengthening of refugee status of the Geneva Convention of 1951 and the 1967 Protocol, including in it the contributions of the 1984 Cartagena Declaration.

Fostering in societies and states in the region a culture of hospitality in order to humanize the processes of reception and integration of immigrants and refugees.

More vulnerable migration flows in LAC

The plus of vulnerability in Haitian flow: lack of government and social institutions.

DISPLACEMENT IN NUMBERS (2011)

• An estimated total of 5'445 406 PSD (according Codhes) between January 1, 1985 and December 31, 2011.

• ANNUAL HISTORICAL since 20052005: 310.2372006: 221.1872007: 305.9662008: 380.8632009: 286.3892010: 280.0412011: 250.146

Municipality with the highest expulsion rate:

Buenaventura: 18.233

From the Colombian flow: the blurring of such prolonged armed conflict.

The Colombian refugees 2010Currently, Colombia is the main country of origin of refugees in the Western Hemisphere and the sixth in the world.

COUNTRY TOTAL PNPI

PEOPLE WITH THE REFUGEE

STATUS SOLICITANTS

UNITED STATES

59 753

33 455 ?

CANADA 15 511 ?

COSTA RICA 10 276 ?VENEZUELA 180.000 15 000 50 000PANAMA 15.000 1 328 14.604

ECUADOR 135.000 53 342 792

TOTAL 389 753 128 912 65.396

Pict

ures

by

Toni

Arn

au

Transit through Mexico and the U.S. border: the Continent's most dangerous route.

The walls of the US-Mexican border

Where are we going

Towards restrictive immigration policies (despite opening in some legislation of countries in the South) that increasingly limit the immigration of citizens from poorer countries (cases: Haitians in DR, Nicaraguans in Costa Rica, Dominicans in Puerto Rico ... );

Towards setting organizations and civil society groups more coordinated and articulated demand that their individual states and regional organizations (OAS, UNASUR.) greater protection and respect of human rights of migrants and refugees;

Towards the implementation of neoliberal development policies (of extractive type) that affect the environment and cause massive displacement of vulnerable populations (indigenous, black, rural);

Towards the consolidation of smuggling and trafficking networks across the continent.

THE RESPONSE OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS ON MIGRATION,

DISPLACEMENT AND REFUGE IN LAC

SECOND PART

The JRS-LAC asked the CPAL to address migration (1999)

The JRS International preferred that the work was made by two different institutions (2002)

F. Kolvenbach asked the CPAL to seek to merge the JRS y JMS (2006)

The 35th GC decided JRS to continue focusing in the atention of refugees and displaced people (2008).

The Chairman of the CPAL asked for a proposal for articulation of both institutions in LAC (2010)

The different discussions to define the liaisons of the JRS – JMS in LAC

Reasons not to merge the JRS and JMS, but rather create a unity between the difference through a Network

Keep JRS mandate and

its international

character.

Avoid reinforcing the tendency to

obscure the refugee situation and movement to

blur the international refugee law.

Respect the global and

lasting character of migration,

and the targeted and transitional nature of refuge

and displacement.

Estimates based on current organizational dynamics

In the face of a comprehensive global phenomenon, we must respond in an interprovincial and intersectoral way.

The CPAL is the body that allows the Provincials to have a common vision, take care of the mission of the Society of Jesus beyond the borders of their individual Provinces, and provide the required comprehensive responses.

SECOND PART

As a priority of the CPAL, our work with migrants, refugees and displaced persons must be seen as an interprovincial and intersectoral apostolate. Not as an unique work of JRS or JMS, or social sector.

The organization of this ministry is to be determined by the nature and trajectory of human mobility flows in LAC and not by our own provincial structures.

Estimates based on current organizational dynamics

SECOND PART

SECOND PART

América Latina y el Caribe

ECU

PAN

COL

HTI

VEN

Management Team

SJR INT. CPAL

I

D

A P

C

SECOND PART

Quito

Colombia

SJR Internacional CPAL

SJR LAC

Oficina NacionalBogotá

Soacha

RED SJR - SJM

Ecuador Panamá Venezuela Haití

Oficina NacionalQuito

Oficina NacionalCiudad de Panamá

Oficina NacionalCaracas

Buenaventura

Barrancabermeja

Cúcuta

Nariño

Nueva Loja

San Lorenzo

Esmeraldas

Carchi

Tulcán

Ciudad de Panamá

Darién: Puerto Pina y Jaqué

Colón

Zulia

Guasdualito

El Nula

Táchira

7 campamentos en Puerto Príncipe

Contexto Urbano

Fronteras

Eje Pacífico

About us:

Southern Sub-region

CANA Sub-region Colombian Sub-region

Caribbean S

ub-region

SECOND PART

Caribbean Sub-region

MAIN GOAL

Providing unity, consistency, and effectiveness to the Society's commitment to migrants, displaced persons, and refugees in Latin America and the Caribbean .

SECOND PART

Promoting and defending the human rights of the more vulnerable migrants, refugees and displaced and their families, through the social and pastoral care, research, training, advocacy and promotion of their own organizations

Addressing the structural causes that give rise to these human mobilizations.

Helping our region and its societies to think and assume social transformations brought by migration, displacement and refuge.

External specific objectivesSECOND PART

Sensitizing the Jesuits of Latin America and the Caribbean of the situation of migrants, refugees and displaced persons and the Society's commitment to give a comprehensive and continental response as apostolic body.

Promoting the work with refugees, migrants and displaced persons in all the apostolic sectors of the Society of Jesus in Latin America and the Caribbean and to articulate and promote the activities already being undertaken at the national, subregional and regional levels

Linking this CPAL network with their counterparts from other conferences of the Society of Jesus and with other initiatives and civil and church networks around human mobility.

Internal specific objectivesSECOND PART

• Internal displacement due to the armed conflict.

• The flow of people seeking refuge in Panama, Ecuador, and Venezuela.

a) The Colombian sub-region

Migration flows that we have prioritized

SECOND PART

• The Central American flow through Mexico towards the U.S.

• The Mexican flow towards the U.S., including the border crossing in both Nogales.

b) The CANA sub-region

Migration flows that we have prioritized

SECOND PART

c) The Caribbean sub-region:

The Haitian flow toDominican Republic, the U.S., Canada, Venezuela and South America.

Migration flows that we have prioritized

SECOND PART

d) The Southern sub-region

Migration flows that we have prioritized

The Bolivian, Ecuadoran, and Peruvian flow towards Chile.

The Haitian flow through Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Brazil.

SECOND PART

1) Partnerships to strengthen border Interprovincial work a) Three borders project: Peru, Chile and Bolivia b) The Apostolic Interprovincial Region Colombia-Venezuela c) The Interprovincial work California and Mexico: Kino Border Iniciative.

2) Cooperation interconference agreement on migration US-CPAL: MIGRATION in the AMERICAS

Cooperation agreementsSECOND PART

REFLECTIONS ON THE OUTCOME OF THEINTERNAL MAPPING

THIRD PART

Magdalena Sofía de la Peña Padilla

Internal Mapping Data

CPAL

87 records

19 Latin American countries

2 AXES

INTERPROVINCIAL

INTERSECTORAL

Territorial logic depending on the

nature and history of migration flows

Allows comprehensively

address the issue of migration, through

apostolic activity that includes four dimensions.

THIRD PART

Internal Mapping Data

MAPPING CATEGORIES

SUB-REGIONS

• CANA• CARIBBEAN• SOUTH• COLOMBIA

AND BORDERING COUNTRIES

TYPES OF INSTITUTIONS

• Universities• Social

Sector’s Institutions

• Jesuit Parishes

• Civil organizations

CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE

• Migrants• Displaced• Refugees /

Asylees• 2nd

Generation

THIRD PART

Internal Mapping Data

MAPPING CATEGORIES

TOPICS / PROBLEMS ADDRESSED

• Structural causes• Border• Dismissal /

deportation• Labor rights• Housekeeping workers• Family• Human Rights/ Access

to citizenship• Social Integration /

Cultural diversity• Immigration reforms• Migration and

development• Other

AREAS OF INTERVENTION

• Relevant publications• Research• Legal• Case documentation• Lobbying• Organization of social

movements• Human rights

campaigns• Mass Media• Social awareness• Other

LEVEL OF IMPACT

• Local• National• International

THIRD PART

The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE

AN OVERALL LOOK

Differentiated presence of each subregion in terms of number of countries that conform it and the number of institutions involved.

CANA with almost half of the records and 39% of the countries.

Of Social Sector (39= 47%) Of Educational Sector (15 = 18%) Of Pastoral Sector (23 = 28%)

Civil Organiza-tions (4 = 5%)

TYPE OF INSTITUTIONS:

THIRD PART

Migrants (48 institutions) Only Colombia doesn’t report work with migrants.

Second generation (22) Dominican Republic, more in this line of work.

Refugees (12) 9 countries: Colombia, Ecuador, Panama, Venezuela, Dominican Republic, Chile, Peru, Mexico-US, Nicaragua.

Displaced (8) 2 countries: Colombia, Haiti.

Type of people served:

Sociopolitical conjucture and/or environmental phenomena continue to generate new movements to which we must be vigilant, increasing

displaced, deportees and returnees.

The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLETHIRD PART

TOPICS IN WHICH WE ARE WORKING:

The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE

05

101520253035

2429

12

19

12

25

31 30

2219 19

N°

Insti

tutio

ns

THIRD PART

Structu

ral C

ause

s

B

order

topics

D

ismiss

al, dep

ortatio

n

Lab

or rights

House

keep

ing worke

rs

Fam

ily

Human

Rights

/ Citin

zensh

ip

Social In

tegrat

ion / …

Other

Migrat

ion and dev

elopmen

t

Lobbyin

g

AREAS OF INTERVENTION:

The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE

Publicaciones relevantes

Investigación

Legal

Documentación de casos

Lobbying político

Movilización social

Campañas de DDHH

Medios de comunicación

Sensibilización social

Otros

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

20

24

18

20

23

13

19

22

37

12

N° Institutions

Lobbying

Other Social Awareness

Human Rights Campaigns

Mass Media

Social Movements

Case Documentation LegalResearch

Relevant Publications

Local (47 institutions) National (30) International(18)

Demand of local requirements leaves little room to develop regional and subregional initiatives.Those working at the international level are some of the social sector institutions and universities.

TERCERA PARTE The CPAL: INTERPROVINCIAL AXLE

LEVEL OF IMPACT:

Conference of Latin American Provincials: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

• Work in four dimensions:

1. Social action and humanitarian help.

2. Research.

3. Training.

4. Social and public advocacy.

THIRD PART

For purposes of this analysis, the work has been distinguished by thetype of institution reported:

The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

EducationalSector

SocialSector

Pastoral SectorCivil

Organizations

THIRD PART

The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

Institutions of Educational and Social Sector work with 4 categories of people while the Pastoral Sector Parishes only report activities with first and second generation.

Institutions of Social Sector only serve displaced and deported people.

CATEGORIES OF PEOPLE:

THIRD PART

The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS:

SOCIAL SECTOR INSTITUCIONS:

Social integration and cultural diversity

Human Rights and citinzenship

Border topics FamilyLess reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers

EDUCATIONAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONS:

Structural causes Border topics Migration Policies Migration and development Human Rights / CitizenshipLess reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping wokers

THIRD PART

THE CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

HIGHLIGHTED TOPICS:

PASTORALSECTOR

PARISHES:

Social integration and cultural diversity

Family OtherNot reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers- Migration and development- Labor rights- Migration Policies

RELATED CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS:

Human Rights and access to citizenship

Social integration and cultural diversity

Family

Not reported:- Deportation, dismissal- Housekeeping workers- Migration and development

THIRD PART

The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

AREAS OF INTERVENTION:

SOCIAL SECTOR INSTITUCIONS :

Social awareness Mass media Lobbying Research / Campaigns International AdvocacyLess reported:- Legal- Organization of social

movements.

EDUCATIONAL SECTOR INSTITUTIONS :

Research Publications Social awareness International Advocacy

Less reported:- Mass media- Organization of social

movements.

THIRD PART

The CPAL: INTERSECTORAL AXLE

AREAS OF INTERVENTION :

PASTORALSECTOR

PARISHES :

Social awareness Other

Less reported:- Report few items.

RELATED CIVIL ORGANIZATIONS:

Legal Case documentation Human Rights Campaigns

Less reported:- Report few items.

THIRD PART

Development of analysis and perspectives on immigration

status.

Comparative study on migration laws in different

countries.

Development of guidance for migrants on a given route.

Preparing a report on violations committed during

deportations.

THIRD PART

Areas of sub regional collaboration.

MAJOR INSTITUTIONS IDENTIFIED IN THE EXTERNAL MAPPING

FOURTH PART

External Mapping Data

GLOBALLY

• International Labour Organization / ILO

• Special Rapporteur on the human rights of migrants (UN)

• United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees/ UNHCR

• International Organization for Migration / IOM

• World Trade Organization / WTO

IN THE AMERICAS

• Inter-American Court of Human Rights

• Rapporteurship on Migrant Workers and Members of their Families/IACHR

• United States Congress

• United States Department of Labor

IN LAC

• Regional Conference on Migration/ CRM

• South American Conference on Migration / CSM

• South American Nations Union / UNASUR

INSTITUTIONS TO MAKE IMPACT IN:

FOURTH PART

External Mapping Data

GLOBALLY

• Justice and Peace• Caritas Internationalis• Scalabrini International

Migration Network• Franciscans International• International Catholic

Migration Commission

IN THE AMERICAS

• Conference of Latin American Bishops/ Justice and Solidarity/ Human Mobility Section

• Conference of Latin American and the Caribbean Religious / CLAR

• United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

ALLIED CHURCH INSTITUTIONS

FOURTH PART

External Mapping Data

GLOBAL

• World Social Forum on Migrations (WSFM)

• Amnesty International

• International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC).

In LA and C

• Civil Organizations for Migrations Regional Network/ (RROCM)

• Andean Immigration Network/ RAM

• Latin American Association of Radio Education/ ALER

• The Cry of the Excluded Continental

In the U.S.

• Center for Justice and International Law/ CEJIL

• National Alliance of Latin America & Carribbean Communities / NAALAC

• Interamerican Platform of Human Rights, Democracy and Development / PIDHDD

• WOLA

ALLIED CIVIL INSTITUTIONS OF THE AMERICAS

FOURTH PART

CONCLUSIONS

FIFTH PART

STRENGTHS

Being a continental, interprovincial, and inter-sectoral network organized by the nature and pattern of human mobility flows.Having a membership of 15 out of 20 Latin American and 3 out of of 13 of the Caribbean countries.Being able to give a global and comprehensive response.Addressing the most vulnerable flows in LAC of migrants, refugees and displaced persons, in different proportions.Work experience and development locally in 12 out of the 18 countries where we operate.Having a collaboration agreement with the U.S. Conference and already being articulated with the JMS-Spain.Being articulated with JRS and GIAN.

FIFTH PART

Strengths, weaknesses and opportunities

WEAKNESSES

Being too absorbed by local requirements, which gives no room for regional initiatives.

Having uneven development at the subregional levels, Provinces and dimensions.

Having an unstable staff and structure.

Having a yet poor institutionalization: Lack of normative and strategic plan, logo, etc.

Have not yet generated joint actions and projects at the regional and subregional levels.

Lacking of a forum for regional decision without neglecting the local.

Lacking of adequate financing.

Failing to make the Provinces of Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil and Paraguay to develop a ministry with migrants.

Not giving special attention to women and children, deported and returnees.

Not responding to the Cuban migration situation.

Strengths, weaknesses and opportunitiesFIFTH PART

OPPORTUNITIES

We count with the overall disposition of collaboration with our network from other networks of LAPC: of Colleges (AUSJAL), of Schools (FLACSI), of Faith and Joy Federation (FFyA) and of Christian Life Communities (CVX).

We have made contact with other organizations and Church and Civil networks, working with migrants in Latin America and the Caribbean, with presence in countries or zones where we aren't yet.

We have identified other Organizations, Church and Civil Networks working with migrants in the United States, Canada and globally to make contact with, to increase the work and the scope of our Network in benefit of the most vulnerable migrant and displaced people.

We will conduct this workshop which will allow real intercontinental connection and communication and project the development of a comprehensive and global answer on migration from the Society of Jesus.

Strengths, weaknesses and opportunitiesFIFTH PART

Exchange of information and

experiences.

Geopolitical analysis of migration.

Raising awareness with the jesuits about the

human mobility situation and the need

to answer integrally and globally as Society of

Jesus.Helping our societies to think

and assume social transformations brought by migration, displacement and

refuge.

The comparative study about

reintegration in their countries of origin, of deported people and

people returning freely.

The creation of migration observatories in the

routes or borders of great risk for migrants.

Denouncing the effects of economic politics of extraction of natural

resources in population movements.

Defending migrants’ human rights mainly

of minors and women.

Protecting migrant housemaids workers.

FIFTH PART Possible or Desirable areas of collaboration.

A LOT TO DO,BETTER

POSSIBILITIES…