a quick introduction to gis. what is gis? definition: analysis that combine relational databases...
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![Page 1: A Quick Introduction to GIS. What is GIS? Definition: Analysis that combine relational databases with spatial interpretation and outputs often in form](https://reader035.vdocuments.mx/reader035/viewer/2022081501/5697bf721a28abf838c7ec39/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
A Quick Introduction to GIS
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What is GIS?
Definition: Analysis that combine relational databases with spatial interpretation and outputs often in form of maps. A more elaborate definition is that of computer programs for capturing, storing, checking, integrating, analyzing and displaying data about the earth that is spatially referenced.
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A GIS Map Contains Layers• A GIS map is made up of layers, or
collections of geographic objects that are alike.
• To make a map, you can add as many layers as you like.
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Layers Contain Features or Surfaces
• Each geographic object in a layer --- each city, river, lake, or country --- is called a feature.
• Not all layers contain features. A single continuous expanse that changes from one location to another is called a surface.
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Features Have Shape and Size
• Features can be represented as one of three geometric forms:– A polygon– A line– A point
• This kind of data is called vector data.
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Surfaces have Numeric Values Rather that Shapes
• Surfaces have measurable values for any particular location on the earth
• This is raster data—a matrix of identically sized cells where each cell contains a measurement for that location.
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Features Have Location
• GIS uses a coordinate system to associate features with location
• These coordinate systems make use of Geodetic datums
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Features can be Displayed at Different Sizes
• Zoom and out changes the scale of the map
• Scale is the relationship between the size of the features on the map and their size in the physical world.
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Features are Linked to Information
• Information about the features in a layer is stored in a table.
• The table has a row for each feature and the columns values are attributes of that feature
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Tables• The links between features and their
attributes makes it possible to query and display the results on the map.
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Thematic Maps
• You can use attributes to create thematic maps---maps in which colors (or other symbols) are used to indicate attribute values.
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Features have Spatial Relationships
• You can also ask questions about spatial relationship among features.
• GIS uses coordinate information to compare locations
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You can Create New Features• GIS can look for areas of overlap between
features of different layers and create new features to identify these areas.
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ArcMap and ArcCatalog
ArcMap is the application for making maps and analyzing data.
ArcCatalog is the data management Application.