A PROJECT ON

RESIDENTIAL BUILDING WORKING BY

BRAJESH NARVARIYA ANU MARU CHINTAMANI GUPTA SARABJEET SINGH BAGGA SHREYA GAUR PRAVEEN SANER

UNDER THE GUIDENCE OFDr. SAVITA MARU

Professor DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGG.

UJJAIN ENGINEERING COLLEGE UJJAIN (M.P.)

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDING

PRINCIPLES OF PLANNINGSTRUCTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGNINGSLABSBEAMSCOLUMNSFOUNDATION

INTRODUCTION

PRINCIPLE OF PLANNING

To arrange all the units of a building on all floors and at level

according to their functional requirements making best use of

the space available for a building.

The shape of such a plan is governed by several factors such

as climatic conditions, site location, accommodation

requirements, local by-laws, surrounding environment, etc.

Factors to be considered in planning.

(01) Aspect (02)Prospect

(03) Privacy (04)Grouping

(05) Roominess (06)Furniture Requirement

(07) Sanitation (08)Flexibility

(09) Circulation (10)Elegance

(11) Economy (12)Practical Considerations

Aspect: - ‘Aspect’ means peculiarity of the

arrangement of doors and windows in the

external walls of a building which allows

the occupants to enjoy the natural gifts

such as sunshine, breeze, scenery, etc.

Prospect: - ‘Prospect’ in its proper sense, is

the impression that house is likely to make on

person who looks at it from out-side.

Privacy: - Privacy requires consideration in

two ways:

Privacy of one room from another.

Privacy of all parts of a building from the

neighbouring buildings, public streets and by-

ways.

Grouping: - Grouping means the disposition of various rooms in

the layout in a typical fashion so that all the rooms are placed in

proper correlating of their functions and in proximity with each

other.

Roominess: - ‘Roominess’ refers to the effect produced by

deriving the maximum benefit from the minimum dimensions of a

room.

Furniture Requirements: - The functional requirement of a room or an apartment governs the furniture requirements so that the doors, windows and circulation space do not prevent from placing of sufficient number of pieces.

Sanitation: - Sanitation consists of providing ample light, ventilation, facilities for cleaning and sanitary conveniences.

Circulation: - Circulation means internal movement space

provided on the same floor either between the rooms or with in

the room called horizontal circulation and between the different

floors through stairs or lifts called vertical circulation.

Flexibility: - Flexibility means planning a room or rooms

in such a way, which thought expanded for the future

requirement.

Elegance: - Elegance is the effect produce by the elevation and general layout of the plan.

Economy: - The economy may not be a principle of planning but it is certainly a factor, which effects planning. Economy should not have any evil effect on the utilities and safety of the structure.

STRUCTURAL PLANNINGStructural planning is first stage in any structural design. It involves the determination of appropriate form of structure, material to be used, the structural system, the layout of its components and the method of analysis.

Structural planning of R.C.C. framed building involves determination of:

COLUMN POSITIONS Positioning of columns Orientation of columnsBEAM LOCATIONSSPANNING OF SLABSTYPE OF FOOTING

STRUCTURAL DESIGNING

Structural design for framed R.C.C structure can be done by three methods:

Working Stress Method.Ultimate Strength Method.Limit State Method.

LIMIT STATE METHOD

In limit state method the working load is multiplied by partial

factor of safety. And also the ultimate strength of material is

divided by the partial safety. Partial safety factor is introduced

to reduce the probability of failure to about zero.

LIMIT STATE OF SERVICEABILITY: It relates to performance or behavior of structure at working loads and is based on causes affecting serviceability of the structure. This limit state is concerned with cracking and deflection of the structure.

Limit state can be broadly classified into two main categories.

LIMIT STATE OF COLLAPSE: It is the limit state on attainment of which the structure is likely to collapse. It relates to stability and strength of the structure.

Slab are plain structural members forming floors and roofs of building whose thickness is quite small compared to their other dimensions. A staircase is considered to be an inclined slab.

The thickness of the reinforced concrete slabs ranges from 100 mm to 300 mm slabs are designed just like beams keeping the breadth of slab as unity .

S L A B S

BEAMS

The beams and slabs in concrete structure are cast monolithic.

DOUBLY REINFORCED BEAMS

A doubly reinforced beam is that in which reinforcement is

provided both for tension as well as compression face.

Beams may be singly reinforced or doubly reinforced.

A beam subjected to shear force and bending moment experience diagonal tension. The resultants of these stresses produce diagonal tension, which may develop crack in the beam.To take care of this resultant diagonal tension shear reinforcement is provided in two forms.

1. Cranked bars

2. Stirrups-Vertical-Inclined.

SHEAR

COLUMNS

Following are some of the guidelines principles for positioning of columns.

Column should be preferably located at or near the corner of the building and at intersection of the walls.

When center to center distance between the intersection of the walls is large or where there are no cross walls, the spacing between two column is governed by limitations on spans of supported beams.

COLUMN POSITIONS

Effective Length

The effective length of a column is defined as the length between the points of contra flexure of the buckled column.

A column may be classified as follows based on the type of loading.Axially loaded column.A column subjected to axial load and uni-axial bending.A column subjected axial loads and bi-axial bending.

Axially Loaded ColumnsAll compression members are to be designed for a minimum eccentricity of load into principal directions. Therefore, every column should be designed for an eccentricity.

Axial Load and Uniaxial Bending

A member subjected to axial force and uniaxial bending shall be designed on the basis of sp16.

The maximum compressive strain in concrete in axial compression is taken as .002

The maximum compressive strain in concrete at the highly compressed extreme fiber in concrete subjected to axial compression and when there is no tension on the section shall be 0.0035 minus 0.75 times the strain at the least compressed extreme fiber.

Design charts for combined axial compression and bending are given in the form of interaction diagrams in which curves for Pu /fck bD Vs Mu /fck b D2 are plotted for different values of p/ fck where P is the reinforcement percentage.

Axial Load and Biaxial Bending

Footing is that portion of foundation which ultimately delivers the load to the soil, and is thus in contact with it. The object of providing the load to the soil in such a way that the maximum pressure on the soil does not exceed its permissible bearing value , and at the same time the settlement is within the permissible limits.

The foundation type is classified on the basis of depthShallow (D<B) 1. Isolated (Spread) Footing 2.Combined (Strip) Footing 3.Mat (Raft) FoundationDeep (D>B) 1.Pile Cap 2. Driller Pier

ConclusionThe design of R.C.C. structured building

was attempted by Limit State Theory.Kani’s Method was adopted for calculating

the moments.Slabs were designed as two way & one way

slabs, by the method providing by IS 456-2000. It is evident that load in a residential building reinforcement as per IS 456-2000.

Beam were designed individual as continues beams & reinforcement was provided for positive as well as for negative moments.

Short column of uniform sizes were provided with minimum reinforcement cement as they were safe.

Isolated footings were provided, of maximum size 1900 x 1750 mm2, as bearing capacity of soil is 127 KN/m2.

FUTURE SCOPE:The structural analysis can be performed by

different methods and also software & results can be compared.

Thank You