a presentation on motherboard

Click to edit Master text stylesMOTHERBOARD

Presented by : Shripal Oswal 8983332010

[email protected]

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What is Motherboard ??

The motherboard is the backbone of a computer. It provides the foundation for the computer. Every piece of hardware directly or indirectly plugs into the motherboard. The components of the motherboard provide basic services needed for the machine to operate and provide a platform for devices such as the processor, memory, disk drives, and expansion devices. It is a large flat multi-layered PCB (Printed Circuit Board) covered with sockets, other electronic parts and various chips. The layers contain a highway of wires, carrying data back & forth between CPU, RAM and peripherals.

-Shripal Oswal

Click to edit Master text styles• Motherboard is a large flat cicuit board.

• It is covered with sockets, & other electronic parts.

• The I/O connectors are soldered on Motherboard.

• It consists of chips.

• Chips consist of transistors.

• It is also called System board, Planner board, Main board & also Mobo. -Shripal

Oswal


Functions of Motherboard

1.Motherboard connects all system components.2.Allows input & output devices to communicate with the

system unit.3.It is the communication medium for entire computer

system.4.It acts as data path for various components.

-Shripal Oswal


Characteristics of Motherboard

A)Form Factor

B)Chipset

-Shripal Oswal


Form Factor

Form Factor is the physical size of motherboard as well as general location of components & ports. Some motherboard form factors are :

AT – Advanced TechnologyATX – Advanced Technology ExtendedMini-ATX – Mini Advanced Technology ExtendedBTX – Balanced Technology ExtendedNLX – New Low Profile Extended

-Shripal Oswal


AT ATX1) 12 pin AT power supply connector.

20 or 24 pins power connector.

2) 5 pin DIN mouse connector.

6 pin PS/2 or USB mouse connector.

3) Serial, parallel & other ports are connected through a cable.

Serial, parallel & other ports are directly soldered on motherboard.

4) It is an older type of motherboard.

Most system board today use ATX form factor.

-Shripal Oswal


Different form factors and their sizes

FORM FACTOR Size in Inches

ATX 12 x 9.6

Micro – ATX 9.6 x 9.6

Flex ATX 9 x 7.5

Extended ATX 13 x 12


Chipsets Motherboard is generally identified by its

chipset number. The chipset decides the type of processor and the motherboard. It accepts the type and capacity of RAM and type of internal and external devices supported by motherboard. They vary in features, performance and stability. This set of chips controls how the motherboard behaves.

Two types of Chipsets :

• Northbridge • Southbridge -Shripal

Oswal


Northbridge Chipset

• The Northbridge chipset on motherboard helps the CPU to work with RAM and Graphic card.

• Northbridge have a very huge amount of data processing devices connected so it gets pretty hot so are covered with heat sink and sometimes by fan assembly.

• It is also connected to South Bridge.

-Shripal Oswal


Southbridge Chipset• It handles mass storage devices, USB, PCI Bus and other

expansion buses.

• Southbridge is one of the two chips which control the function of processor except memory, PCI and AGP.

• The name of chipset manufacture is always on southbridge chipset.

• Most south bridge don’t need extra cooling fan.

-Shripal Oswal


Block – Diagram

-Shripal Oswal

The block – diagram of chipset can be found on following link :

http://www.sridianti.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Skema-diagram-dari-sebuah-motherboard-yang-khas.jpg


BUSES :

A Bus is nothing but the connection between two or more components and is used to transfer data between these components. A computer system has many buses. The size of bus is measure In bits.

-Shripal Oswal


Address Bus :

• This bus is used to send signals between CPU and memory.

• The size of address bus determines how much memory can be addressed.

• A 32-bit address is limited to (2 raise 32) addressable locations.

• A 64-bit bus can address (2 raise 64) addressable locations.

-Shripal Oswal


FSB (Front Side Bus)

• It is the bus that carries the data between CPU & Memory.

• It’s speed is measured in MHz.

• Some FSB speed flavors available in market are – 100 MHz, 133 MHz,

400 MHz, 533 MHz, etc.

• Higher the FSB bet the performance of Motherboard.

-Shripal Oswal


CPU Socket

• Modern motherboards come with either PGA or LGA CPU sockets.

• Both sockets are ZIF (Zero Insertion Force) type, which requires zero force for CPU placement and has a locking lever to secure it.

-Shripal Oswal


Memory Slot

• This are used to install memory sticks on the Motherboard.

• Modern motherboard usually has at least two RAM slots, and may have four or six.

• RAM slots are very specific and will accept only certain types of RAM based on specification of motherboard.

-Shripal Oswal


-Shripal Oswal


Power connector :

• It is used to connect main power connector from SMPS to the motherboard.

• In AT motherboard, it consist of 12 pin connector.

• In ATX motherboard, it consist of 20 or 24 pin and has a notch at one side.

• CPU Power - If u failed, to connect this connector than system won’t give a display as CPU doesn’t get proper voltage to work.

-Shripal Oswal


IDE/PATA • It is a 40 pin socket on motherboard which provides a

interface to connect storage devices like hard disk and optical disc.

• We can connect maximum 2 IDE devices to each IDE interface.

• ATX motherboard has two IDE interface, but today’s modern motherboard has only one. Or absent as it is replaced by SATA.

• Does not support hot plugging. It provides max data transfer speed of 133 MB/s.

-Shripal Oswal


-Shripal Oswal


SATA • It is a latest interface that connects mass storage devices

like hard drive and optical drives and has replaced older PATA.

• It transmits data serially.

• SATA drives provide faster transfer rates as compared to PATA.

• It uses narrow cable connector to connect drives.

• It supports only one device per port. -Shripal Oswal


-Shripal Oswal


CMOS battery

• CMOS stores bios settings.

• It’s a 3V battery known as CMOS battery.

• If this battery fails, then PC could not store date & time.

-Shripal Oswal


Floppy Disk Drive Connector

• It is a 34 pin connector used to interface FDD.

• We can connect maximum two FDD’s to it.

-Shripal Oswal


BIOS chip

It is the special memory chip that contains BIOS software, which tells the processors how to interact with the rest of hardware in the computer.

-Shripal Oswal


Expansion slots

These are used to expand the capability of the computer by installing the cards like sound card, video card, network modem etc.

-Shripal Oswal

Click to edit Master text styles1) PCI : Peripheral Component Interconnect• It is the most common internal expansion slots found

inside the PC. • In coming years, PCI will be replaced by PCIe.• It is generally white colored slot.

2) AGP : Advanced Graphics Port• It is a brown colored slot mostly used for installing

graphics card. But, todays graphic cards use PCIe slot instead of AGP.

• Its not found on modern motherboard. -Shripal

Oswal

Click to edit Master text styles3) PCIe (x1) : PCI Express x1 slot • Used to interface modern expansion cards like TV tuner,

NIC, sound card etc.

4) PCIe (x16) :• Used to interface recent graphic cards. • Its usually identified with locking clamp at one side

which prevents graphic card from getting loose.

-Shripal Oswal


-Shripal Oswal


Backpanel Ports

-Shripal Oswal


PS/2 port• The Personal System/2 is a 6-pin mini DIN connector used

for connecting some keyboard and mice to a computer system.

• Its name comes from the IBM Personal System/2 series of personal computers.

• The PS/2 mouse connector generally replaced the older ”serial connector”.

• PS/2 connector was later replaced by USB.-Shripal Oswal


-Shripal Oswal


Serial port

• It is a 9-pin port.

• It is used to interface serial devices like old type of mouse & old type of modem.

-Shripal Oswal


Parallel port• It is a 25 pin connector.

• It is used to connect Dot Matrix Printer.

• It is not found in rarely found in modern Computer’s.

-Shripal Oswal


VGA port• Video Graphics Adapter.

• It is a 15 pin port.

• It is used to connect display devices like Monitor or Projector.

-Shripal Oswal


USB port• Universal Serial Bus.

• It is a 4 pin connector.

• It is used to interface USB devices like Printer, Scanner, Pen Drive etc.

• It is hot-swappable.

-Shripal Oswal


Multimedia port It is used to interface Multimedia Devices like

Speaker, Mike etc.1)Pink : Mike2)Green (Line Out) : Speaker / Headphone3)Blue (Line In) : Recording

-Shripal Oswal


HDMI• High Definition Multimedia Interface.

• It is a audio/video interface for transferring video data and digital audio data from an HDMI-compliant source device, such as a display controller, to a compatible computer monitor, video projector or digital Television.

-Shripal Oswal


Thank You…!!

a presentation on motherboard

Devices & Hardware