a presentation by the academic resource center at gwynedd mercy university
TRANSCRIPT
A Presentation by the Academic Resource Center at Gwynedd
Mercy University
An Introduction to
APA Style
Avoiding Plagiarism
Be careful when taking notes (Q, ME) Print source information as well as article Paraphrase Ideas not words Stay true to the author’s meaning Avoid block quotes Give context Begin each paragraph with your own idea
Why do we need to know APA?
To avoid plagiarism
To provide a clear, uniform style for references
To organize your paper so it is less confusing for the reader
Before you Begin
Make sure your margins are set at 1 inch
Use 12 pt. Times New Roman font
Everything in your paper should be double spaced and
Nothing is underlined
When do we cite?
When we borrow the words or thoughts of another person by
quoting
paraphrasing
summarizing
Title Page
Information Needed:
Running Head Header Title Name Institutional Affiliation
Sample Title Page:
Anorexia and Bulimia:
Causes, Symptoms, Effects, and Treatment
Emily M. Jacobs
Gwynedd Mercy University
Running head: ANOREXIA AND BULIMIA 11111111111111111
Sample Abstract
MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES
Abstract
This paper discusses Howard Gardner’s theory of Multiple Intelligences. He believes that there
are seven different intelligences, and each person is skilled in a certain one. The seven
intelligences are linguistic, musical, logical or mathematical, spatial, physical or kinesthetic,
interpersonal and intrapersonal. Within each intelligence are certain areas or skills in which a
person with that intelligence excels. Finally, this paper addresses Gardner’s theory of how to
assess children in these areas. He has proposed a Project Spectrum Approach, in which children
are observed in a comfortable and natural setting over a long period of time.
2
Headings
APA Style uses a unique heading system to separate and classify paper sections.
There are 5 heading levels in APA.
Regardless of the number of levels, always use the headings in order, beginning with level 1.
Headings
Level 1 Centered, Boldface, Capitalize Significant Words of Heading
Level 2 Left-aligned, Boldface, Capitalize Significant Words of Heading
Level 3 Indented, boldface, Capitalize first word only, end heading with period. Start writing your paragraph here.
Level 4 Indented, boldface, italicized, lowercase with period. Start your paragraph here.
Level 5 Indented, italicized, lowercase with period.
Headings
Bulimia
Parents often struggle to identify the symptoms of bulimia in their children. The warning signs
can be subtle and hard to pinpoint. Often, the parents present problems of their own. Jablow (1992)
explains that “mothers of bulimics tend to be more hostile and depressed than other mothers, and…fathers
tend to be more irritable, impulsive, and more alienated from the bulimic daughter” (p. 81).
Symptoms Families of bulimics often have difficulty dealing with problems and communicating effectively.
It is difficult for a young girl to live under such circumstances, so she tends to use her binge-purge cycle
as an escape and an area of her life that she can control.
Psychological indicators. Patients often demonstrate behavior that is unhealthy as a
Level 2
7
Level 1
Level 3
In Text/Parenthetical Documentation Information Required:
- Author(s) name
- Date of Publication
- Page number (for direct quotations)
Sample in-text citations
According to Adams (2001), the evidence was circumstantial.
According to Hastings (2004), “The sources presented provided modified results” (p. 421).
The information compiled is irrelevant to the successful completion of the experiment (Wyndmore, 1989).
Things to remember…
Quotes of 40 or more words appear in a block quotation format, indented with no quotation marks.
In a block quotation the period goes before the parentheses to show that the citation is not part of the quote
Block quotations are double spaced
Sample Block Quotation
done on the wrists, arms, legs, or stomach, are hard enough to break the skin and possibly deep enough to cause bleeding and scarring; however, they are not intended to cause permanent pain or suicide (Cool Nurse). According to Hayes (2005),
Self-inflicted injury is a coping mechanism, albeit not a particularly healthy one, used by those who want to live and are struggling to control their emotions. This self-injurious act is indicative of a failure by an individual to develop positive coping skills in the face ofoverwhelming stress. (p.1172)
Multiple Authors
For 1-2 authors, cite both names every time.
For 3-5 authors, cite all authors the first time; use just the first name with “et al.” in subsequent citations
More than 5: cite only the first author with “et al.” every time.
Citing a Book…
Elements of a reference to an entire book
Cone, J. D., & Foster, S. L. (1993). Dissertations and theses from start to finish:
Psychology and related fields. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Citing a Database Article
Last name, First initial. Middle initial. (Date). Article title. Journal
Title, volume number (issue number), page numbers. doi or Retrieved from URL
Borman, W. C., Hanson, M. A., Oppler, S. H., Pulakos, E. D., & White, L. A. (1993).
Role of early supervisory experience in supervisor performance. Journal of
Applied Psychology, 78(8), 443-449. Retrieved from
http://www.eric.com/jdlsiejls/supervisor/early937d%
References for Multiple Authors
Up to seven authors, list every author For sources with eight or more authors, use
the first six names followed by an ellipsis (…) and the last author’s name.
Ex. Dolan, R., Smith, R. C., Fox, N. K., Purcell, L., Fleming, J., Alderfer, B., …Roman, D. E. (2008). Management of diabetes: The
adolescent challenge. The Diabetes Educator, 34, 118-135.
A Database article with DOI
Brownlie, D. (2005). Toward effective poster
presentations: An annotated bibliography. European
Journal of Marketing, 41(11), 1245-1283.
doi:10.1108/03090560710821161
Citing a Website
Because websites frequently don’t provide all the information necessary for a complete citation, list the information you have in this order and omit items that may be unavailable or redundant.
First :Author, sponsoring organization or article title Complete date Title of article Name and issue of periodical OR Website name/Sponsoring organization Retrieval date if the website is likely to change the content URL address
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize
health and well-being. Prevention & Treatment, Article 001a. Retrieved
from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
Basic Internet Citation
Exploring linguistics. (1999, August 9).
Retrieved from
http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/orthogra
phy/chinese.html#tsang
The Reference Page
List your sources alphabetically Use a hanging indent if your reference is
more than one line of text The word “References” should be centered at
the top of the page Within a reference, list the authors in the
same order they are listed in the article Take notice of special rules for capitalization
and italics that are unique to APA
Sample Reference Page
ART IN THE CLASSROOM 12
References
Exploring Linguistics. (1999, August 9). Retrieved February 10, 2005, from
http://logos.uoregon.edu/explore/orthography/chinese.html#tsang
Guo, B. (1995). Gate to Chinese calligraphy. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.
Hearn, M., & Smith, J. (Eds.). (2001). Chinese art: Modern expressions. New York: The
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
McCaffrey, J., & Jones, B. J. (2007, December 11). The changes in modern language. The New York
Times. Retrieved from www.nytimes.com
Paul, M.R., Jennings, S. J., & Guiliani, L. M. (2006). The benefits of art instruction in middle
school. Education Digest,12(4), 38- 46. Retrieved from
http://academicsearchelite.middl/aieo97cka;kps
More Information…
The ARC is available for further assistance in APA format.
Writing Tutors can help with more specific citation or style questions.
Call or email anytime, 267-448-1370 or [email protected]