a planning framework linking people & working landscapes
TRANSCRIPT
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Application of Green Infrastructure Planning: Lessons learned from 2 years of a Service-Learning project in SE Washington
A planning framework
Linking People & Working Landscapes
Nick Sanyal, Liza Pulsipher & Ed Krumpe
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University of Idaho
Department of Conservation Social Sciences
& the Bioregional Planning Program
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What is Green Infrastructure?
2
Green infrastructure represents the unique conservation and
quality-of-life goals of each community.
―. . (working landscapes) . . managed for their natural resource
values and for the associated benefits it confers to human
populations.‖
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Green Infrastructure
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Linking Landscapes& Communities
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Green Infrastructure:
4
X A government
program.
X A short-term solution.
X A panacea, a cure-all.
X An isolated effort.
A framework of
collaboration.
A long-term resolution
A holistic view: Puzzle
pieces.
A process to link all
resources: Social,
Economic & Natural.
What it is NOT: What it IS:
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Green Infrastructure:
5
X Antidevelopment
X Just a system of open
space: schoolyards,
playgrounds, trails,
habitat
A development process that
respects the working
landscape
A System in which a healthy
ecosystem is the foundation
that shapes growth &
provides human benefits.
What it is NOT: What it IS:
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THE TEN PRINCIPLES OF GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
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1. Connectivity is key and must support nature, people, spaces and programs.
2. Context matters—content alone cannot drive or support the system. Context respects and reflects function and heritage.
3. Must be grounded in sound science, land use theory and practice. It represents 150 years of scientific land management.
4. It should function as a framework for conservation anddevelopment.
5. Green Infrastructure should be planned and protected before development. Restoration is expensive (compared to protection).
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PRINCIPLES (CONTD.)
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6. Green infrastructure is a critical public investment and
should be funded the way we fund roads, power grids,
airports, sewers, etc.
7. Green infrastructure affords benefits to nature and people.
8. It respects the needs and desires of landowners and other
stakeholders. Private land can stay private; working
landscapes can continue to work.
9. Green infrastructure requires making connections to
activities within and beyond the community.
10.Green infrastructure requires a long-term commitment and
perspective.
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Growing
With
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GreenInfrastructure
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Growing
With
9
Hubs and links exist in a continuum :
GreenInfrastructure
Less Human
Interaction
More Human
Interaction
SOCIAL
NATURAL
BUILT
•Family Unit •County Fair
•Wilderness
Area•Ski Area
•Campground •Downtown
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Green Infrastructure
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Linking Landscapes& Communities
Social Capital
Education, GovernmentJobs, Equity
Ecological Capital
Watersheds, Wildlife, Agriculture, Scenic Quality, Forests
Economic Capital
Utilities, Fair TradeBusiness , Household economies
CONSERVATION ECONOMY
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Growing
With
12
Natural System
“viable
ecosystem +
natural capital”
―Green‖
infrastructure
GreenInfrastructure
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Growing
With
13
Natural System
“viable
ecosystem +
natural capital”
Social System
“natural capital +
human and social
capital”
―Green‖
infrastructure
―Pink‖
infrastructure
GreenInfrastructure
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Growing
With
14
Natural System
“viable
ecosystem +
natural capital”
Social System
“natural capital +
human and social
capital”
Man Made System
“built capital +
human and social
capital”
―Green‖
infrastructure
―Pink‖
infrastructure
―Grey‖
infrastructure
GreenInfrastructure
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Growing
With
15
Natural System
“viable
ecosystem +
natural capital”
Social System
“natural capital +
human and social
capital”
Man Made System
“built capital +
human and social
capital”
―Green‖
infrastructure
―Pink‖
infrastructure
―Grey‖
infrastructure
GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE
GreenInfrastructure
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Growing
With
16
1. Develop an approach
2. Inventory community resources
3. Envision the future
4. Find the hubs
& links
5. Create the plan
6. Build the System
GreenInfrastructure
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Lay of the land
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Inventory
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Allocation/Designation
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Our Approach / What we did
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Worked in Columbia County /Dayton Washington
Dayton
Moscow
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Our Approach / What we did
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Adopted Service-Learning as our pedagogical
model with 3 undergraduate classes:
An alternative way of understanding;
Values the human experience as a source of
learning;
Reflective thinking transforms experience into
learning;
Stresses citizenship to community, profession,
and the larger public interest; and
Involves the participation, not just of students,
but of faculty and community as co-learners.
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Our Approach / What we did
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Our Methods included low tech mapping:
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With hand drawn overlays:
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Our Approach / What we did
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Used existing demographic and economic data:
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Perc
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Tota
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Age Class
Columbia
Walla Wala
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Our Approach / What we did
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Used face-to-face and web-based survey research to
measure values, issues and preferences.
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Our Approach / What we did
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Conducted
semi-structured
interviews:
“What makes
Dayton, Dayton?”
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Our Approach / What we did
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Made landuse observations and conducted a
rapid
appraisal:
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Our Approach / What we did
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Conducted 4 public workshops (nominal groups):
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Our Approach / What we did
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We used formal communication and public relations strategies:
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Our Approach / Objectives
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Integrated conceptual & practical information to
support an application of Green Infrastructure.
Used a community-centered strategy to listen &
discover residents’ desires.
Didn’t provide ―the answer,‖ rather we developed a
toolbox of viable alternatives so they could craft their
own future.
Worked collaboratively with the community to
empower them.
Designed to continue working with the community over
the next decade!
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Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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868 sq. mile county with a varied mix of land
uses and ownership.
10% is in the Wenaha-Tucannon Wilderness;15%
is the Umatilla NF that includes Bluewood
Mountain Ski Area.
The central and northern 2/3rds are in private
ownership and are a mix of dry land farming,
orchards, forests and CRP Lands.
Development is mostly limited to Highway 12
and the 2 river corridors.
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Seen tremendous change (e.g., loss of major
industry, catastrophic forest fires and floods)
and yet the area continues to survive!
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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The county has high community resiliency to
change (Harris et al., 1994).
―Politically we are
conservatively
independent and
free-willed, but
progressive.”
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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The county population of 4200 (Dayton 2100),
and its location in the extended Palouse region
made this an ideal outdoor service-learning
opportunity.
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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Since 2005 the county has created 3 wind farms,
home to 204 turbines. A point of pride and
contention! 351 more turbines are planned.
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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A history of self-funded historical preservation—3
historical districts including the oldest functioning
courthouse in WA, oldest school district, historic Depot
and 146 historic buildings on the National Register.
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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The Seneca plant, formerly ―the Jolly Green
Giant,‖ closed
in 2003 and
with it almost
half the county
payroll.
Why Columbia County/Dayton?
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Convenient access to fishing along the Touchet
and Tucannon Rivers and winter sports at
Bluewood.
Why Columbia county/Dayton?
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Dayton has embarked on an ambitious and
successful project of historic and heritage
preservation and tourism.
Why Columbia county/Dayton?
Historic Weinhard Hotel
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The county has one of the most active and
successful Conservation Reserve Programs (CRP)
in the state.
Why Columbia county/Dayton?
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The county has a diverse
working landscape that
embraces agriculture,
forestry, and Conservation
lands(CRP).
Why Columbia county/Dayton?
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The county economic development plan lists several
goals that aligned with our interests:
Identifying recreation, heritage, tourism and
cultural sites and links;
Continuing to exert local control over development;
Stabilizing the demography; and
Partnering with universities.
Why Columbia county/Dayton?
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Our Approach / Gaining Entrance
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We gained entrance through a student from Dayton
who was active and visible in the community.
Her family goes back several generations as farmers
and they connected us with
key stakeholders.
She helped with gaining and
keeping the trust of key local
leaders.
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“Open your arms
to change,
but don't let go
of your values.”
DALAI LAMAINSTRUCTIONS FOR LIFE
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What we produced
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Social data from public meetings & surveys were used to
create a Values Typology & we identified
Threats/Strategies to help perpetuate their values.
Student projects:
Identifying landscape values and uses and
understanding the threats to them.
Identify Green Infrastructure opportunities,
including land classification & economic growth &
potential trail systems.
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Dayton and Columbia County Values & Threats
in a Nutshell:
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Desires to:
Maintain small town, rural, people-centered lifestyle and values.
Maintain agricultural heritage and working landscapes.
Continue historic preservation.
Provide economic and lifestyle incentives to retain youth and young families.
Grow the economy.
Without doing this:
Diluting values through major in-migration.
Over/rapid development, especially chains and big box stores.
Conversion of land from agriculture/forestry.
Lose small-town character and heritage.
Succumb to outside pressures and becoming dependent on outside resources and government.
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What we produced: Student Projects
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Student Projects: Deliciously Dayton
Connecting
products, people,
and special places.
To enhance the
opportunities in
the Touchet River
basin, while
protecting
esthetics and
ecological
integrity.
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Ultimate Goal: planned economic
growth without undermining the
rural way of life or harming the
environment as it currently exists.
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Deliciously Dayton: Goals
Use the natural
amenities to sustain
economic and
physical growth.
Transform the Touchet
River basin into a
multipurpose
agricultural hub.
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Deliciously Dayton:
Enhanced Community Garden
A place where residents can rent a vegetable garden plot.
4-H and school groups could use it for projects.
―Could be profitable—growing hops for a local brewery, perhaps.‖
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Deliciously Dayton: Small Business
Incubator
Connect Columbia
County’s crops
with the hops and . .
the fish and . . .
the apple orchards
and . .
the garden to create
. . .
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Deliciously Dayton
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Grain Mill
Commercial Kitchen
MicrobreweryCider Press
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Student Projects: W.H.E.A.T.
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What is W.H.E.A.T.?
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Washington Homegrown Enterprise for Agriculture & Tradition
Mission Statement:
To plan & develop a
cooperative business
that partners with
existing businesses
while preserving and
enhancing cultural
values, traditional
livelihoods and open
spaces in Columbia
County.
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Student Projects: Why W.H.E.A.T.?
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Values: Empower the community. Sound/sustainable economic
development. Preserving cultural & historic
values.
Goals: Build a working mill. Incorporate Green
Infrastructurevia a community-based entrepreneurship.
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W.H.E.A.T.: Why a MILL?
Use local resources--wheat--to create
quality products.
Provide jobs & specialized training.
Incorporate tourism while preserving
cultural heritage.
Use portion of
profit for
enriching
community.
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W.H.E.A.T. : More possibilities….
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Festivals/Conventions
―Dayton Brand‖
Biofuels
Canola
Use of Wheat
bi-products
And many, many
many more……
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Trail Projects: The Touchet Connection
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Protect the Touchet River and Patit Creek riparian
zone.
Enhance salmon habitat in the rivers.
Improve wildlife habitat.
Preserve water quality for the City of Dayton.
Connect the Dayton to the Lewis and Clark
historic sites.
Provide a trail for commuting and healthy
recreation.
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The Touchet Connection: Objectives
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Construct 5 miles of compact gravel trail along the Touchet River and Patit Creek connecting the Lewis and Clark Trail State Park and the Patit Creek Campsite.
Restore native vegetationin riparian areas that need enhancing.
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Proposed Touchet Trails
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The Touchet Connection: Partners
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Inland Northwest Land Trust – Spokane
NPS Lewis and Clark Historic Trail
Washington Health Foundation
Windermere Real Estate Broker
Brian Martin – Land Planning
Rails to Trails Conservancy
Private land owners
Blue Mtn. Realtors
Local School
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The Touchet Connection: Funding
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Rails to Trails Conservancy
National Trails Fund
Kodak American Greenways Awards Program
Aquatic Lands Enhancement Account
Land and Water Conservation Fund
Washington Wildlife and Rec. Program
D.O.T. Commute Trip Reduction
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The Touchet Connection:
Social Benefits to the Community
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Connect community to the natural landscape
Link social hubs
Provide health benefits
Provide alternative transportation
Provide a venue for events
Recreational enhancement
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Student Projects: Dayton Connections
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We propose two thematic trails:
- Historical
- Recreational
Black – Existing trail
Red – Recreational trail
Green – Historical trail
Blue – Future development
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Student Mapping
Project
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Identified landscapes
features and land use
values, and the threats
to them.
Combination of the
Green Infrastructure
hubs-links and the USFS
ROS approaches.
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Lessons Learned
Challenges/Opportunities:
Distance, time, and travel (200 miles = 4 hrs. round trip)
Limited to simple technology
Time: constrained by academic schedule (undergraduates)
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Lessons Learned
Natural resource students had limited familiarity with agricultural
practices or communities.
Several planning processes underway at the same time.
Very limited mass media/communications.
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Lessons Learned
Implications for practitioners
Students seen as an outside, impartial source (welcomed
by the community).
Community & students were willing to suspend biases.
Students helped the community build a sense of place
(reflecting on what they value & want to perpetuate).
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Lessons Learned
Implications for practitioners
Community was open to the students, & the information was shared
with everyone.
Students worked best at developing innovative concepts.
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Lessons Learned
Implications for practitioners
Planning in WA is very formal, regulated, technical & structured –
and not well understood by the public.
We gave people a more welcoming way to provide input.
Students served as an avenue for 2-way communication.
Concept of working landscapes was well received by the
community.
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The community-student partnership:
Contributions and future opportunities
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Comprehensive plan update
Internships
Trails proposal to NPS-RTCA
Sustainability seminar series
Blue Mountain Station
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Blue Mountain Station: A destination eco-food
processing park
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Blue Mountain Station, a
destination eco-food processing
park
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Dedicated to recruiting and marketing natural and organic artisan
foods.
Anchor a vertically integrated brand program from farmer to the
processor, the wholesaler, the retailer and ultimately to the
quality-minded, health-conscious consumer.
Blends sustainable, locally-produced agriculture with artisan food
processing and culinary tourism.
28 acres purchased in the Urban Growth Area adjacent to proposed
trails.
A million dollar grant/loan package from the WA Community
Economic Revitalization Board.
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Thanks to:145 University of Idaho students and the
residents of Columbia County and Dayton!
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