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Page 1: A performance metric for roadway design and construction · A sustainability performance metric for roadway design and construction 1 Steve Muench, University of Washington. ... Greenroads

A sustainability performance metric for roadway design and construction

1

Steve Muench, University of Washington

Page 2: A performance metric for roadway design and construction · A sustainability performance metric for roadway design and construction 1 Steve Muench, University of Washington. ... Greenroads

Sasobit Warm Mix AsphaltI‐90 near George, WA23 June 2008

What is it?What is it?Greenroads is sustainability performance metric for roadway design and construction. It applies to new or reconstructed/rehabilitated roads. It awards points for approved sustainable choices/practices and can a means for project‐points for approved sustainable choices/practices and can a means for projectlevel sustainability assessment. 

How does it help?pMore sustainable roadways. This means less ecological impact, lower life cycle costs/impacts and better quality of life as a result.

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Quiet PavementSR 520 Near Bellevue, WA14 July 2007

Greenroads is a project oriented metricGreenroads is a project‐oriented metric.It does not deal with planning and it does not deal with operations. 

Planning Design &C t ti Operationg Construction p

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We start with a precise and actionable definition of “sustainability” upon which the metric relies to make solutions context sensitive.p

Sustainability is a system characteristic which refers to the system’s capacity to support natural laws and human values.

The ones you always see…Ecology: don’t break the earth. Founded on Robert’s The Natural Step framwork.  Equity: seek quality of life for all (environmental justice, access, mobility, jobs, etc.)Economy: manage resources wisely (financial, human, manufactured and natural capital)

But there’s more…

Extent: sustainability is context sensitive; project extent in space/time is importantE t ti t i bilit i t t iti f t ti i t tExpectations: sustainability is context sensitive; performance expectations are importantExperience: engineering judgment needed to vet and implement solutionsExposure: must inform and educate industry and general public

4

Let’s be very clear: “sustainability” is a human‐centric concept.

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Greenroads Categories (Version 1.0 preview)

Category Description Pointsg y p

Project Requirements Minimum requirements for a Greenroad Req

Environment & Water Stormwater, habitat, vegetation 21

Access & Equity Modal access, culture, aesthetics, safety 30

Construction Activities Construction equipment, quality, use 14

Materials & Resources Material extraction, processing, transport 23, p g, p

Pavement Technology Pavement design, material use, function 20

Total Voluntary Credit Points 108

Custom Credits Write your own credit for approval 10

Grand Total 118Grand Total 118

5

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Greenroads Version 1 0

No. Title Points Brief Description

Project Requirements (PR)PR 1 NEPA Compliance Req Conform to NEPA or equivalent

Greenroads Version 1.0Summary Checklist

PR‐1 NEPA Compliance Req Conform to NEPA or equivalentPR‐2 Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Req Perform LCCA for pavement sectionPR‐3 Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) Req Perform LCI of pavement section with computer toolPR‐4 Quality Control Plan Req Have a formal contractor quality control planPR‐5 Noise Mitigation Plan Req Have a construction noise mitigation planPR‐6 Waste Management Plan Req Have a formal plan to divert C&Dwaste from landfillPR 6 Waste Management Plan Req Have a formal plan to divert C&D waste from landfillPR‐7 Pollution Prevention Plan Req Have a TESC/SWPPPPR‐8 Low‐Impact Development (LID) Req Use LID stormwater management where applicablePR‐9 Pavement Maintenance Req Have a pavement preservation systemPR‐10 Site Maintenance Req Have a plan for maintaining the site (e.g., landscape, etc.)PR‐11 Educational Outreach Req Publicize sustainability information for projectPR 11 Educational Outreach Req Publicize sustainability information for project

Environment & Water (EW)EW‐1 Environmental Management System 2 Obtain ISO 14001 certification for general contractorEW‐2 Runoff Quantity 3 Capture stormwater or otherwise reduce runoff quantityEW‐3 Runoff Quality 3 Treat stormwater to a higher level of qualityEW 4 LID/BMP Cost Analysis 1 Conduct an LCCA for stormwater BMP/LID selectionEW‐4 LID/BMP Cost Analysis 1 Conduct an LCCA for stormwater BMP/LID selectionEW‐5 Native Revegetation 3 Use native low/no water vegetationEW‐6 Habitat Restoration 3 Create new habitat beyond what is required

EW‐7 Ecological Connectivity 3 Connect habitat across roadways (fish/wildlife passage)

EW‐8 Light Pollution 3 Discourage light pollutionEW S bt t l 21

6

EW Subtotal:  21

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No. Title Points Brief Description

Access & Equity (AE)

Greenroads Version 1.0Summary Checklist

q y ( )AE‐1 Safety Audit 2 Perform roadway safety auditAE‐2 Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) 5 Implement ITS solutionsAE‐3 Single‐Occupant Vehicle (SOV) Reduction 5 Reduce SOV travelers through quantifiable methodsAE‐4 Context Sensitive Planning 5 Plan for context sensitive solutions (Req'd for AE‐5 to AE‐9)AE‐5 Pedestrian Access 2 Provide/improve pedestrian accessibilityAE‐6 Bicycle Access 2 Provide/improve bicycle accessibilityAE‐7 Transit Access 5 Provide/improve transit accessibilityAE‐8 Scenic Views 2 Provide views of scenery or vistasAE‐9 Cultural Outreach 2 Promote art/culture/community values along roadway

AE Subtotal:  30

Construction Activities (CA)CA‐1 Quality Process Management 2 Obtain ISO 9001 certification for general contractorCA‐2 Environmental Awareness Training 1 Provide environmental trainingCA‐3 On‐Site Recycling Plan 1 Provide plan for on‐site recycling and trash collectionCA‐4 Fossil Fuel Use Reduction 2 Use alternative fuels in construction equipmentCA‐5 Equipment Emission Reduction 2 Meet EPA Tier 4  standards for non‐road equipmentCA‐6 Paving Emission Reduction 1 Use pavers that meet NIOSH requirementsCA‐7 Water Use Monitoring 2 Develop data on water use in constructionCA‐8 Performance‐Based Warranty 3 Warranty on the constructed pavement

CA Subtotal:  14

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No. Title Points Brief Description

Materials & Resources (MR)

Greenroads Version 1.0Summary Checklist

Materials & Resources (MR)MR‐1 Full Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) 2 Conduct a detailed LCA of the entire projectMR‐2 Pavement Reuse 5 Reuse existing pavement sectionsMR‐3 Soil Rehabilitation 1 Use native soil rather than import fillMR‐4 Recycled Materials 5 Use recycled materials for new pavementMR‐5 Regional Materials 5 Use regional materials to reduce effects of transportationg g pMR‐6 Energy Efficiency 5 Improve energy efficiency of operational systems

MR Subtotal:  23

Pavement Technologies (PT)PT‐1 Long‐Life Pavement 5 Design pavements for long‐lifePT‐2 Permeable Pavement 3 Use permeable pavement as a LID techniquePT‐2 Permeable Pavement 3 Use permeable pavement as a LID techniquePT‐3 Warm Mix Asphalt (WMA) 3 Use WMA in place of HMAPT‐4 Cool Pavement 5 Contribute less to urban heat island effect (UHI)PT‐5 Quiet Pavement 3 Use a quiet pavement to reduce tire‐pavement noisePT‐6 Pavement Performance Monitoring 1 Relate construction to performance data

PT Subtotal: 20PT Subtotal:  20

Custom Credits (CC)CC‐1 Custom Credits 10 Design your own credit

CC Subtotal:  10

Greenroads Total:  118

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Achievement Levels

Version 1.0 (preview): 108 Voluntary Credit Points(p ) y

32-42 points 43-54 points 55-63 points 64+ points

PR 30% VC PR 40% VC PR 50% VC PR 60% VCPR + 30% VC PR + 40% VC PR + 50% VC PR + 60% VC

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Each Project Requirement and Voluntary Credit can be mapped to one or more components of sustainability.p y

Elements of Sustainabilityy• Ecology

• Equity

• Economy

• Air

• Water• Economy

• Extent

• Expectations

• Water

• Earth

• Virgin space

• Expertise

• Exposure

• Developed space

• Non‐human life

• Human life

• Renewable energy

• Non‐renewable energy

10

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Ecology

Greenroads Rating System: Sustainability Footprint

80%

100%

EquityExposure

40%

60%q yp

0%

20%

EconomyExperience

ExtentExpectations

11PR Only Voluntary Credits only (no CC)

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So what does a more sustainable roadway look like?

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life cycle cost analysis

warm mix asphalt

life cycle cost analysis

env. mgmt. sys.

l l ti tlong‐lasting pavement

scenic views

local material

natural cut slope

LID stormwater

13 quality constructionrecycled materials

LID stormwater

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artenv. mgmt. sys.

less paving emissions

long‐lasting pavement

art

recycled materials

pedestrian access

LID stormwater

scenic views

local material

14quality construction

local material

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Why bother? 

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Why bother with a performance metric?

• More sustainable roads• Specific benefits:

– Defines basic roadway sustainability attributesG i i i i d i bili– Greater participation in roadway sustainability 

– Better evaluation of tradeoffs and decisions– Provide means for sustainability assessmentProvide means for sustainability assessment– Allows innovation because it is end‐result oriented – Confer marketable recognition on projects

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One example: If improving sustainability is an agency goal, how do you assess your performance?y y p

Some examples from LEED:

City of Seattle: Sustainable Building PolicyAll City construction projects over 5,000 ft2 must meet LEED Silver rating level. LEED Pilot program provides small grants to help.small grants to help.

King CountyHighest LEED level achievable based on life‐cycle cost 

l i d f di A li ll i danalysis and funding. Applies to all new construction and renovation over $250,000.

Washington StategAll State funded projects  (even prisons) over 5,000 ft2

are required to achieve LEED silver.

Note: In FY 2008 WSDOT awarded 149 highway

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Note: In FY 2008 WSDOT awarded 149 highway construction and ferry terminal contracts. They are generally not covered by the WSDOT LEED criteria.

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A broad overview of the reception and use of Greenroads shows several types of use.Greenroads shows several types of use.

• Owner agencies (DOTs, Cities, Counties, etc.)– Those with a good grasp of their sustainability strategic direction see 

Greenroads as a tool to help them accomplish organizational goals (e.g., an accounting of project sustainability, publicity)

• Design consultants– Many consultants have their own internal systems (published or not)

Use as a list of sustainability ideas in response to owner’s goals– Use as a list of sustainability ideas in response to owner s goals

– A means of legitimizing what they do as “sustainable”

• Contractors– A means of differentiating themselves in competitive environment

– A means of getting ahead in the green business space

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What have we done so far?

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Greenroads effort right now…(21 July 2009)(21 July 2009)

• Who is developing Greenroads?– University of Washington and CH2M HILL

• Who is funding Greenroads so far?TransNow (DOT Region 10 University Transportation Center)– TransNow (DOT Region 10 University Transportation Center)

– State Pavement Technology Consortium (WA, CA, MN, TX)

– Federal Lands Highway Division (FLHD)

• What is the status right now?– Version 0.95  now 

Version 1 0 by end of 2009– Version 1.0 by end of 2009

– Online: www.greenroads.us

• When can it be used?– Pilot projects: NOW

– General use: 201020

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Where are we now?

• Manual • Case studies (retrospective)– 95% done 

– Finish up in 2009

W b it

– WSDOT (6)

– City of Seattle (2)

Pil t j t• Website– www.greenroads.us

Online registration

• Pilot projects (integrative)– WSDOT 

Caltrans– Online registration

• Outreach– 50+ presentations

– Caltrans

– City of Bothell, WA

– City of Denver, CO– 50+ presentations

– Agencies, designers, contractors, students, 

City of Denver, CO

– Oregon DOT (3)

ARTBA, etc.21

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Sustainability is the next great game in transportation.h b i h kThe game becomes serious when you keep score.

Greenroads keeps scoreGreenroads keeps score.