a new scheme of

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Bulacan State University

City of Malolos, Bulacan

College of Engineering

Electronics and Communications Engineering Department

In partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the

subject ECE551/551D

A New Scheme of

Overloading DetectorFor Toll Ways

Barraquio,Michelle S.

Navea , Katrina Trisha T.Mananghaya, Michael John M.

Figueras, Mark Lester M.Lopido, Michael Benjamin Jessie

BSECE 5A

Engr. Jennette CentenoThesis Adviser

Oliver Mariano, MECE, PECESubject Professor


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BULACAN STATE UNIVERSITY

ABSTRACT

With the increasing number of vehicles that ply the countrys roads, vehicle weigh-in-

motion (WIM) technology has become a key technology and trend of measuring traffic loads

and upholding the new Anti-Overloading Law. In this paper, a new implementation of the

existing weigh-in-motion sensors is discussed and applied in one of the countrys major roads.

Also, an alternative sensor, that using capacitive effects instead of piezoelectric ones is also

discussed. The combination of weigh-in-motion sensor and a new system consisting of closed

circuit cameras, LCD displays and alarm is developed to increase the reliability and

effectiveness of the weigh-in-motion sensors currently in use. All the theoretic analysis and

numerical results demonstrated that the combination of the existing weigh in motion system is

feasible, convenient for traffic inspection and accurate enough to uphold the Anti-Overloading

Law.


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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1. Background of the Study

Thousands of vehicles ply the roads every day. These vehicles may be passenger, cargo

or utility vehicles. Due to the number and various kinds of vehicles in our roads, accidents do

happen. These accidents are of various causes. They may be due to over speeding, overloading,

slippery roads, poor visibility or sometimes, even human error. While most accidents are minor

ones, some are disastrous and has lead to loss of lives and property.

Because of this, a means of lessening the causes of these accidents must be devised.

Due to the causes being varied, then it must follow that there are also different ways to

minimize the causes of vehicle accidents. Among these causes, overloading is chosen to be the

subject of this research due to it being the most neglected one.

Overloading is the state of a vehicle in which it carries a load that exceeds the maximum limit

that the law or the vehicles manufacturers has allowed. Some people may ask, How can

overloading be a cause of accident? In itself, overloading does not pose a major problem that

could possibly cause an accident. But paired with over speeding, slippery road or any of the

aforementioned causes, overloading will greatly increase the damage caused by an accident

and may probably be a cause for unnecessary loss of lives. The explanation for this is simple,

according to Newtons Second Law of Motion; the force produced by an object in motion is

directly proportional to its mass and acceleration. Thus, the heavier the object is, in this case a

vehicle, the greater the force that it will exert. Aside from the increased force that an


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overloaded vehicle exerts, it is also much harder to control and stop, due to it having a greater

momentum. Aside from being the cause and aggravator of accidents, overloading also costs

the government additional money for road maintenance. Roads, even unused ones, deteriorate

due to natural causes like rain. The vehicles that use the road hasten its deterioration and

overloaded vehicles hasten the roads deterioration even more. Thus, overloading does not only

affect the motorists, it also affects the government. And due to the added maintenance cost of

roads, the money which could be spent for other things like health and education would be

used instead to renovate roads. The government must be

thinking along these lines when the

R.A. 8794, otherwise known as the Anti-Overloading Law was passed in the year 2000.

Among the major roads of the Philippines, the toll ways, especially the North Luzon

Expressway or NLEX, are the primary concern of this research. These roads are the primary

route for those motorists going to and from the National Capital Region. Aside from that, the

toll ways have a limited access of entry and exit with means that an overloaded vehicle may

not load or unload its cargo within the boundary of the toll way. As such, sensors and law

enforcers are not required to be present on the entire length of the road. They may be posted

only on the point of entry or exit of vehicles, the toll gates.

1.2. Statement of the Problem

There is a so called R.A. 8794 or the Anti-Overloading Law. To efficiently uphold this

law, a system or device to detect overloaded vehicles must be created and deployed in the

countrys roads, especially the major ones. But is there such a system in the country? And if

there is one, is it used to only to detect overloaded cargo vehicles such as trucks or even

passenger vehicles are included?


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1.3. General Objective

The objective of this research is pretty straightforward, that is to be able to device an

accurate and unbiased means of detecting overloaded vehicles, especially for major rods such

as the toll ways and main high ways.

1.4. Specific Objective

y To determine the effects of overloading.

y To determine if a system to detect overloaded vehicles is currently in use in the

country.

y To be able to create a device or system to detect overloaded vehicles. Both cargo

and passenger, in the countrys major roads.

1.5. Scope and Delimitation

This study concerns only the detection of overloaded vehicles as stated in the general

objective. The arrest and the resulting punishment due to the violation of the Anti-Overloading

Law are not covered. Also, the primary applications of this researchs results are geared for use

on the countrys main thoroughfares like toll ways and major high ways although smaller

secondary roads may be covered.

1.6. Significance of the Study


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