a new industrial age 1870-1900. causes - built on renaissance, scientific revolution, and scientific...
DESCRIPTION
Vital components The number of inventions rose rapidly: –Between ,000 patents were granted by the US patent office –Before 1860, only 36,000 patents had been issuedTRANSCRIPT
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A New Industrial Age1870-1900
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Causes -• Built on Renaissance, Scientific Revolution, and scientific method• Abundance of
– Raw materials– Energy resources (coal & oil)– Cheap labor (immigrants)
• Technological Inventions• New ideas about economics and entrepreneurship• Government Help
– Land grants– Protective tariffs– Tax breaks and subsidies to corporations
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Vital components• The number of inventions rose rapidly:
– Between 1860-90 440,000 patents were granted by the US patent office
– Before 1860, only 36,000 patents had been issued
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Steel• Steel
– Bessemer Process made steel more pure, stronger, cheaper, and faster to make
– Coal mines provided the fuel for steel mills
– Used for railroads, taller buildings, bridges, etc.
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Oil• Oil refining improved
– Kerosene & Oil • Used as a lubricant on the machinery of factories• Helped drive the automobile industry
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Transportation• Railroads – transcontinental rail lines expanded
– By 1900, about 6 major trunk lines (major railways) crossed the Great Plains and many feeder lines connected outlying areas as well
– Standard widths were set for rail lines– Allowed industries to integrate across the nation
• Internal combustion engine – Allows improvements in automobiles– Only rich could afford, not many roads, no traffic
signals, etc.• Airplanes
– Orville Wright takes the first flight, lasting 12 seconds
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communications• Telegraph
– Developed by Samuel F. B. Morse– Communicated with electricity over wires
• Telephone– Patented by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876– More than 1,000,000 installed in businesses and
homes by 1900– Many women found opportunities for
work as operators• Typewriter
– Easy document reproduction– The keyboard design is still used today
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electricity• Invention of the light
bulb by Thomas Edison led to many changes in American life– Electric lights– Electric streetcars– Appliances
(refrigerators, vacuums, irons, radios, etc.)
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Summing Up . . .