A NATION DIVIDEDA NATION DIVIDED

CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3CHAPTER 30, SECTION 3

QUIZ: SECTION 3QUIZ: SECTION 3

DEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMSDEFINE THE FOLLOWING TERMS:: THE NEW LEFTTHE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETYSOCIETY FREE SPEECH MOVEMENTFREE SPEECH MOVEMENT DOVEDOVE HAWKHAWK

VOCABULARYVOCABULARY

THE NEW LEFTTHE NEW LEFT STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC STUDENTS FOR A DEMOCRATIC

SOCIETY (S.D.S.)SOCIETY (S.D.S.) FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.)FREE SPEECH MOVEMENT (F.S.M.) DOVESDOVES HAWKSHAWKS

IMPORTANT DATESIMPORTANT DATES

1959: SDS FOUNDED1959: SDS FOUNDED 1964: FSM FOUNDED1964: FSM FOUNDED 1967: 1967:

ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON ANTI-WAR PROTEST MARCH ON WASHINGTONWASHINGTON

McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS McNAMARA ANNOUNCES HIS RESIGNATIONRESIGNATION

ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE U.S. MILITARY DRAFT SYSTEM BASED ON SELECTIVE

SERVICE SYSTEMSERVICE SYSTEM ALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTERALL U.S. MALES, 18 TO 26, HAD TO REGISTER DRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MENDRAFTEES WOULD BE TAKEN FROM THAT POOL OF MEN SYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATEDSYSTEM WAS EASILY MANIPULATED LARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTEDLARGE #s TRY TO AVOID BEING DRAFTED

HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED?HOW WAS DRAFT AVOIDED? MEDICAL MEDICAL “DEFERMENT” “DEFERMENT” (Define)(Define) ENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARDENLISTING IN NATIONAL GUARD, COAST GUARD ““CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION”CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION” (Define) (Define) COLLEGE DEFERMENTCOLLEGE DEFERMENT LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)LAST RESORT: LEAVING U.S. (ex. CANADA)

RESULT?RESULT? MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT MANY WHO AVOIDED DRAFT KNEW HOW TOKNEW HOW TO MANIPULATE MANIPULATE

THE SYSTEMTHE SYSTEM MANY WHO MANY WHO COULDN’T AVOID DRAFTCOULDN’T AVOID DRAFT WERE WORKING CLASS WERE WORKING CLASS

ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME 80% OF U.S. SERVICEMEN IN V-NAM CAME

FROM WORKING CLASSFROM WORKING CLASS WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF WHAT GROUPS HAVE HIGHEST #s OF

DRAFTEES?DRAFTEES? AFRICAN-AMERICANSAFRICAN-AMERICANS WORKING CLASS WHITESWORKING CLASS WHITES LATINOSLATINOS

PROBLEMS?PROBLEMS? RESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWSRESENTMENT AT HEAVY BURDEN GROWS EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE EX: 20% OF COMBAT DEATHS IN 1965-68 WERE

AFRICAN-AMERICANAFRICAN-AMERICAN RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S. RACIAL TENSION IN MILITARY UNITS AND IN U.S.

GROWSGROWS EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE, EX: 1969: RACE RIOT @ USMC CAMP LEJEUNE,

N.C.N.C.

ANTI-WAR PROTESTANTI-WAR PROTEST SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-SOME GROUPS TRY TO HELP SITUATION IN V-

NAM:NAM: U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT U.S. MILITARY DIDN’T ALLOW WOMEN IN COMBAT

UNITSUNITS 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES, 7,500 WOMEN SERVE IN SUPPORT ROLES,

SPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDESSPECIFICALLY AS NURSES / MEDICAL AIDES WHERE?WHERE?

ARMYARMY NAVYNAVY RED CROSSRED CROSS U.S.O.U.S.O.

U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT?U.S.O.: DID / DOES WHAT? PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES, PROVIDES SERVICES FOR MILITARY (CARE PACKAGES,

ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)ENTERTAINMENT, COMMUNICATION SERVICES)

ROOTS OF OPPOSITIONROOTS OF OPPOSITION 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY 1960’s COLLEGE STUDENTS ARE MORE POLITICALLY

ACTIVEACTIVE COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL COLLEGE CAMPUSES ARE CENTERS OF POLITICAL

ACTIVITYACTIVITY WHY?WHY?

JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE JFK’s NEW FRONTIER ENCOURAGED STUDENTS TO BE MORE INVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUESINVOLVED IN NATIONAL ISSUES

GROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLEGROWTH OF CIVIL RIGHTS STRUGGLE BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL BABY BOOM & CONSUMERISM CREATED MORE POTENTIAL

COLLEGE STUDENTSCOLLEGE STUDENTS WHO? WHO? ““THE NEW LEFTTHE NEW LEFT”” DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR DESCRIBE: POLITICAL PROTEST GROUPS CALLING FOR

CHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETYCHANGES IN U.S. SOCIETY EXAMPLES?EXAMPLES?

S.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGANS.D.S: BEGAN @ U. OF MICHIGAN F.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEYF.S.M. BEGAN @ U. OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

DID WHAT?DID WHAT? CALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMSCALLED FOR EXPANDED INDIVIDUAL FREEDOMS CRITICIZED CRITICIZED ““THE MACHINETHE MACHINE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE”: GOV’T - BIG BUSINESS ALLIANCE

F.S.M. RallyF.S.M. Rally

@ UC-Berkley,@ UC-Berkley,

19641964

PROTEST MOVEMENT PROTEST MOVEMENT GROWSGROWS

1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR 1966: LBJ CHANGES REQUIREMENTS FOR DEFERMENTSDEFERMENTS HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN HOW? A COLLEGE STUDENT HAD TO BE IN

GOOD ACADEMIC STANDINGGOOD ACADEMIC STANDING REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE REACTION? PROTESTS ON COLLEGE

CAMPUSES INCREASECAMPUSES INCREASE LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON LATE-’67: S.D.S. HAS 300 CHAPTERS ON

CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S.CAMPUSES ACROSS U.S. MAJOR PROTESTS:MAJOR PROTESTS:

SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000SPRING,’67: NYC – CENTRAL PARK: 500,000 OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000OCT.,’67: WASH., D.C. PROTEST: 75,000

ENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGONENDS IN VIOLENT CLASH @ PENTAGON 1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED1500 INJURED, 700 ARRESTED

DIVIDED OPINIONSDIVIDED OPINIONS

DOVES: DefineDOVES: Define HAWKS: DefineHAWKS: Define 19671967: MEDIA POLL RESULTS:: MEDIA POLL RESULTS:

2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED2/3 OF AMERICANS THINK WAR JUSTIFIED 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD 50% THINK MORE BOMBING OF N.V. WOULD

HELP WIN WARHELP WIN WAR 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE 70% BELIEVED WAR PROTESTS WERE

DISLOYAL ACTSDISLOYAL ACTS

FAMOUS SLOGANSFAMOUS SLOGANS

““HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!”HELL NO, WE WON’T GO!” ““BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!”BURN CARDS, NOT PEOPLE!” ““DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!”DRAFT BEER, NOT PEOPLE!” ““HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS HEY, HEY, LBJ... HOW MANY KIDS

HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!”HAVE YOU KILLED TODAY?!!” ““AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!”AMERICA…LOVE IT, OR LEAVE IT!” ““SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”SUPPORT OUR MEN IN VIETNAM.”