a nation at risk? do we know how to train critical thinking? are our schools getting it done?
DESCRIPTION
Thinking About Thinking Plan THREE STAGES Act & Monitor Evaluate What is the goal? What do I already know? What skills or strategies do I have? Am I making progress? Do I need more information? Should I change strategies? Have I succeeded? What have I learned about these kinds of problems?TRANSCRIPT
A Nation At Risk?
Do we know how to train critical thinking?
Are our schools getting it done?
Critical ThinkingThinking About Thinking
Goal-DirectedPlanful Strategic
Conscious Evaluation Daydreaming
Rote LearningFamiliar Solutions
Thinking About Thinking
Plan
THREE STAGES
Act & Monitor
Evaluate
What is the goal?
What do I already know?
What skills or strategies do I have?
Am I making progress?
Do I need more information?
Should I change strategies?
Have I succeeded?
What have I learned about these kinds of problems?
Herb Simon, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology & Computer ScienceCarnegie-Mellon UniversityNobel Prize (Economics)A Founder of Cognitive Science
Classic Problems D O N A L D
+ G E R A L D ---------------------------- R O B E R T
What are the other letters if D = 5?
Classic Problems
Good Problem Solvers Ask Themselves:
What Do I Already Know That Might Be Relevant?
D O N A L D
+ G E R A L D ---------------------------- R O B E R T
1. D = 5
2. How to add and carry
3. 5+5 = 0 ( & carry 1)
4. X + 10 = (& carry 1)
5. A number + itself is an EVEN number
6. EVEN + 1 = ODD
Classic Problems
What relevant knowledge do
you have?
Can you break the overall task into
simpler sub-tasks?
Will it take one strategy orwill you have to shift
strategies along the way?
D O N A L D
+ G E R A L D ---------------------------- R O B E R T
Problem Solving Attitudes:Not Everyone Is The Same
Formal Problems in Academic Settings
Real Problems in Everyday Settings
Some People :• Plan before acting• Consider various strategies• Persist• Monitor their efforts
Some People :• Ask:“What kind of problem is this?”
• Value chances to solve problems
• Learn to anticipate problems