a n g a r i s icontest.procurement.gov.ge/files/5451ea4e36b6d.pdf · 2020. 2. 26. · armocnda mefe...
TRANSCRIPT
Tbilisi, puSkinis quCaze arsebuli Senoba-
nagebobebis rekonstruqciasTan dakavSirebiT
Catarebuli arqeologiuri sameTvalyureo
samuSaoebis
a n g a r i S i
Semsrulebeli:
arqeologi,
istoriis doqtori merab ZnelaZe
2013 w.
2012 wlis zafxulSi, TbilisSi, puSkinis quCaze arsebuli Senoba-
nagebobebis rekonstruqciasTan dakavSirebuli miwis samuSaoebisas
Zveli Tbilisis galavnis (kedlebi, koSkebi) naSTi aRmoCnda.
gamovlenili galavani baraTaSvilis quCaze adre gamoCenili da
aRdgenili galavnis gagrZelebas warmoadgens.
galavnis arsebobis Sesaxeb istorikosebma da arqeologebma icodnen
da varaudobdnen kidec rom am adgilas cnobili “diRmis kari” unda
yofiliyo gamarTuli. varaudi gamarTlda, aRmoCenis adgilas
marTlac dafiqsirda e.w. “diRmis kari”.
Tbilisis ganviTarebis fondis xelSewyobiT Zeglze arqeologiuri
samuSaoebis meTvalyureoba daevala arqeologs – istoriis doqtors
merab ZnelaZes.
velze – puSkinis quCaze, arqeologiuri sameTvalyureo samuSaoebi,
merab ZnelaZis mier, Sesrulda 2012 wlis agvisto-seqtemberSi.
arqeologiuri meTvalyureobis procesSi gaiwminda 110 metris sigrZis
galavnis nawili romlis kedelSic 5 sxvadasxva zomis koSki gamoCnda.
koSki #1
pirveli koSki, momcro zomis monakveTiani galavnis kedliT, romelic
kveTs vercxlis quCas, uerTdeba baraTaSvilis quCaze arsebul
galavnis kedels.
koSki ovaluri formisaa. gareTa maqsimaluri diametri 14 m-ia;
galavnis kedlebTan -11,5 m. Sida dm.- 4,6 m. kedeli sakmaod ganieria –
saSualod 4,5 m.-ia. koSki gareTa mxare – xevisken gaweulia
daaxloebiT 11 m-ze.
koSkis gamoCenili zedapiri Tanamedrove zedapiridan (asfaltidan)
dasavleT nawilSi 2,4 m-is siRrmeze, xolo aRmosavleT nawilSi – 0,6
m-is siRrmeze gamoCnda.
safasade kedlebi naSenia, ZiriTadaT, qviSaqvis oTxkuTxa formis
sxvadasxva zomis qvebisagan, SigadaSig riyis qvebic urevia
(gansakuTRebiT qveda-fundamentis nawilSi), xolo qvebis mwrivebis
horizontalurobis gasasworeblad brtyeli agurebi da maTi natexebia
gamoyenebuli. kedlebis Sida mxare sxvadasxva saxis uformo qvebiT
(“xurdiT”) aris Sevsebuli.
SemakavSirebeli masala kirxsnaria.
koSkis dasavleT nawilSi viwro Sesasvlelia: sigsne –2,3 m.;
SemorCenili sigrZe –5,8 m.
koSkis Sida mxridan kedelSi (zeda doneze) gamoyenebuli “qarTuli
aguri”-s ganazomebi: 24 X 24 X 5; 23 X 23 X 4,5; 22,5 X 23 X 4,5; 24 X 24
X 4; 23,5 X 23 X 4,5 sm.
SedarebiT qveda doneze agurebi gacilebiT mozrdilia : 34 X 34 X 5
sm.
koSki amovsebulia miwiT, qvebiT, sxvadasxva drois aguris natexebiT,
saqonlis ZvlebiTa da Tixis WurWlis natexebiT.
koSki mniSvnelovnaTaa gabzaruli. rogorc Cans, xevis mxaris nawilia
daweuli.
koSki #2
pirveli koSkidan 12 m-is daSorebiT meore koSkia aSenebuli. es koSkic
(godoli) sakmaod mozrdili zomisaa. Swored am or godols Sorisi
adgili warmoadgens Zveli Tbilis-cixeqalaqis “diRmis kars”. galavans
SigniT mdebare puSkinis quCis #25 saxlis sardafSi dafiqsirda am
karibWis Sesasvlelis kedlebis naSTebi.
es koSkic ovaluri formisaa. gareTa diametri daaxloebiT 12 m-ia.,
Sida – 4,5 m. kedlis sisqe – 3-4 m-ia. naSenia qviSaqvis oTxkuTxa
araTanabari zomebis qvebisagan. nawilobriv riyis qvebi da qarTuli
aguricaa gamoyenebuli. safasado mxareebs Soris sxvadasxva zomis
qvebiT – “xurdiTaa” Sevsebuli. SemakavSirebel masalad kirxsnaria
gamoyenebuli.
koSkis SemorCenili nawilis zeda doneze gamoyenebuli agurebis
ganazomebi: 23,5 X 23,4 X 4; 23 X 23,5 X 4; 23 X 23 X 23 X 5 sm.
koSki amovsebuli iyo nayari miwiT, qvebiT, qarTuli agurebis
natexebiT, Tixis WurWlis fragmentebiT. pirvel koSkSi
dadasturebuli masalis msgavsia.
koSki gabzarulia ramdenime adgilas.
rogorc Cans, es koSki pirvelis Tanadroulia galavnis garkveul
etapamde (XVIII-XIX ss.) sabolood (XIX s-is dasawyisi) igi aRar
funqcionirebda. vaxuSti batoniSvilis 1735 wlis rukaze orive
koSki da “diRmis kari” aris gamosaxuli. SesaZloa, mefe erekle II-s
dros karibWe SedarebiT maRla da samxreTiT gadaaqvT.
koSki #3
SedarebiT mcire zomisaa. igi meore koSkidan 6,7 metriTaa
dacilebuli. Tavisi aRnagobiTa da samSeneblo xasiaTiT galavnis
adreul etaps unda ganekuTvnebodes (I da II koSkebis adreuli etapis
Tanadroulia), erekles dros aRar funqcionerebs).
koSkis gareTa diametric 7 m-ia; Sida – 5 m.; kedlis sisqea – 2,5 m.
galavnis sisqe – 3 m-ia.
kedlis gareTa piri mozrdili qviSaqvis filebiTaa nagebi,
romelSidac nawilobriv qarTuli aguricaa gamoyenebuli.
koSkis nawili Sedis Tanamedrove Senobis qveS, ris gamoc misi
interieri ar gaTxrila.
#3 koSkidan #4 koSkamde galavnis 7 m-ia.
kedlis qvebs Soris gamoyenebuli “qarTuli agurebis” ganazomi: 22 X
22 X 5 ; 23 X 22 X 5 sm.
#4 koSki
gareTa diametria – 14,5 m. Sida 8,5 m. kedlis sisqea – 3,5 m.
naSenia I,II,III koSkebisagan gansxvavebulad. kedlis safasado wyobaSi,
ZiriTadaT, “qarTuli aguria gamoyenebuli. qviSaqvis oTxkuTxa
formis filebi, ZiriTadaT, koSkis qveda nawilSia ganTavsebuli.
aSkarad Cans koSkis sxvadasxva samSeneblo fena.
aguris ganazomebi: 22 X 22 X 4,5 sm; 22,5 X 22 X 5 sm.
koSki Sua nawilSia gabzarulia, damjdaria Crdilo mxares.
koSki da galavnis kedeli Sesulia Tanamedrove Senobis qveS. ris
gamoc, igi arqeologebis mier araa gaTxrili.
meoTxe koSkidan mexuTe koSkamde galavnis kedeli 25,5 m-iT grZeldeba.
#5 koSki
mozrdilia pirveli da meores msgavsad. gareTa diametria – 18,5 m;
Sida – 13,2 m; kedlis sisqea – 3,5 m.
koSkis kedlis safasado gareTa qveda nawili qviSaqvis qvebiTa da
aguris Sereuli wyobiTaa naSeni. zeda mxare ki mTlianad “qarTuli
agurebiTaa” ayvanili. galavani da koSki erTnairi xasiaTis wyobiTaa
gakeTebuli. SemakavSirebel masalad magari xarisxis kirxsnaria
gamoyenebuli. igi. yvelaze mogvianod unda iyos naSeni.
aguris ganazomebi: 22 X 22 X 5 sm; 22,5 X 22 X 5 sm.
koSki arqeologiuri meTvalyureobis dawyebamdea mSeneblebis mier
“amowmendili”. Aamdenad, interierSi savaraudoT arsebuli
arqeologiuri artefaqtebis Sesaxeb informacia ar arsebobs.
arqeologiuri meTvalyureobis procesisas aRsaniSnavia pirveli
koSkis dasavleTiT meore – paraleluri galavnis dadastureba. Tavisi
mSeneblobis teqnikiTa da ieriT gansvavebulia. ufro daxvewili da
STambeWdavia. igi sabrZolo daniSnulebis funqcias ar unda
asrulebdes. albaT, ufro karibWesTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli.
SesaZloa SabaJo daniSnulebis nawils warmoadgenda.
am kedlize, dasavleT-CrdiloeTis mxridan, gadamwvari fenebi
gadadioda. romelSidac mravlad eria minis warmoebis gadamuSavebeli
fragmentebi. Rogorc Cans garkveul periodSi am adgilas, qalaq gareT
– xevis piras minis sawarmo - saxelosno yofila gamarTuli. aqve
aRmoCnda mefe Tamari droindeli spilenZis monetac.
koSkebisa da galavnis kedlebis mSeneblobis drois garkvevisaTvis
uTuod mniSvnelovania samSeneblo keramikis analizic. maTSi gamoisaxa
ori ZiriTadi standarti (zomebi I da II koSkebis agurebisaganaa
aRebuli):
I. 1. 33,5 X 33,5 X 4-4,5
2. 33,5 X 34 X 4,5-5
3. 33,5 X 33,5 X 4
4. 34 X 34 X 5
II. 1. 22,5 X 22,5 X 4
2. 24 X 22,5 X 4
3. 22,5 X 21 X 4
4. 24 X 23,5 X 5
5. 23 X 21,5 X 4
6. 23 X 23 X 4
7. 23,5 X 22,5 X 4
arsebuli monacemebidan gamomdinare, mozrdili agurebis msgavsi
zomebi dadasturebulia adreuli Suasaukuneebis meore naxevarsa da
ganviTarebuli Suasaukuneebis dros, xolo mcire zomis msgavsi
agurebi damaxasiaTebelia gviani Suasaukuneebis droindel Senoba-
nagebobebSi.
I da II koSkebSi aRmoCnda mrgvali formis damuSavebuli qvebi. isini
sabrZolo arsenalidanaa da gamoiyeneboda galavnis, koSkebisa da
Senoba-nagebobaTa dangrevis mizniT. koSkSi birTvis qvebi qalaqis erT-
erTi ganadgurebis dros unda moxvedriliyo.
koSkebis gaTxrebisas dadasturda mravalferovani keramikis nawarmi:
qvevrebis, Tonis, dergis, qocos, qvabqoTnis, qoTnebis, xeladebis
moWiquli da mouWiqavi Tixis WurWlebis natexebi, Wraqebi,
samarileebi,faiansis sxvadasxva droindeli WurWlebis natexebi,
didZali samSeneblo keramika (kramiti, agurebi), samedicino
daniSnulebis WurWlebi damzadebuli kaolinuri Tixisagan da sxv.
aRmoCenilia 9 cali moneta, romelTagan mxolod samis identifikacia
iqna SesaZklebeli:
1. moneta Tamarisa –aRmoCnda #1 koSkSi, 1,85 m-is siRrmeze
2. moneta Tamarisa – aRmoCnda “minis sxelosnoSi” , damwvar fenaSi,
1,9 m-is siRrmeze
3. moneta erekle II , aRmoCnda #1 koSkis zeda fenaSi
arqeologiuri meTvalyureobis procesSi gamovlenili artefaqtebis
da galavnis Seswavlili nawilis analizi, am etapze, gvafiqrebinebs
Semdegs;
1. yvelaze adreuli fena galavnisa, SesaZloa, adre Suasaukuneebis
meore nawilis kuTvnilebas warmoadgens (IX-XI ss.) ?! saWiroa
meti argumentebi romelic artefaqtebis saboloo damuSavebis
unda gamoCndes.
2. Semdegi fena aSkarad ganviTarebul Suasaukuneebs warmoadgens
(XI-XIII ss.)
3. koSkebis zeda doneze aRmoCenili keramika, faiansi XIV-XVI ss.
asaxavs
4. utyuaria, agreTve, rostomiseuli, vaxuStiseuli da erekle II-
seuli fenebic
5. cixe-qalaq Tbilisis gamagreba Tavisi galavan-burjebiT Tavis
arsebobas ruseTis imperiis mier saqarTvelos okupaciasa da
samefos gauqmebi Semdeg xdeba – 1801 wlis Semdgom. igi
gegmazomierad iqna daSlili.
sabolood, SeiZleba aRiniSnos, rom axali TvalsaCino arqeologiuri
Zeglis gamoCena uaRresad mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosa da misi
aTasxuTaswlovani dedaqalaq – TbilisisaTvis. dedaqalaqma SeiZina
kulturuli memkvidreobis SesaniSnavi Zegli. da raoden
mniSvnelovania warsulis – “fesvebis” movla-patronoba, es
yvelasaTvis naTelia.
Zeglis gamoCenas Tan unda sdevdes misi dacvac, rac konkretul
SemTxvevaSi, mis aucilebel da gadadebel konservacias gulisxmobs.