a multi-link architecture for a global wireless internet
TRANSCRIPT
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A Multi-link architecture for a global wireless Internet connectivity
Guillaume BichotThomson Corporate Research
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Content
• Multi-link technologies: state of the art– Channel bonding– Layer 2 multilink– Layer 3 multilink– Drawbacks
• Network Inter-working concept • Always Best Connected (ABC) concept• A multilink service
– The multilink gateway– The tunneling method– The multilink control protocol– The multilink core network– Advantages and issues
• Conclusion
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Channel BondingGateway
Channel bonding capable terminalConventional Terminal
Virtual channel
Ethernet switchChannel bonding capable
Ethernet channel bondingIncr
ease
ban
dwid
than
d th
roug
hput
Sim
ple
tech
nolo
gy
LAN
tech
nolo
gy
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Layer 2 MultiLink
Service providerNetwork
terminal
ML-PPP capable terminal
ML-PPP capable access multiplexer
ML-PPP CPE
ML-PPP capableaccess multiplexer
2 ISDN B Channels or2 T1/E1 channels or
2 xDSL lines
Multi-Link PPP (ML-PPP) MultiLink Frame Relay (MFR)
Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA)Enha
nced
relia
bilit
yIn
crea
se b
andw
idth
and
thro
ughp
ut
Serv
ice
prov
ider
dep
enda
nt
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Layer 3 Multilink
Internet
terminal
ISP B access gateway
ISP A access gateway
any kind of broadbandaccess technology
WEB server
ML-gateway LAN
ISP D access gateway
ISP C access gateway
DNS ServerML-gateway
Multilink based on multi-homing (several home IP addresses) En
hanc
ed re
liabi
lity
Incr
ease
ban
dwid
th/ I
SP in
depe
nden
t
ML
on se
ssio
nba
sis o
nly
ML
inbo
und
conn
ectio
ns b
ased
on
DN
S
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Unidirectional Link Routing (UDLR)
Internet
terminal
ISP access gateway
UDLRModem
UDLR gateway
Satellite
Return path: IP tunnelover a bi-directionalnetwork
Application
TCP/UDP
IP
UDLR
BI UI
Application
TCP/UDP
IP
UDLR
BI UI
WEB server
ISP access gateway
Based on RFC 3077: Link layer Tunneling MechanismUni
dire
ctio
nal n
etw
orks
use
d fo
r bi-
dire
ctio
nal b
road
band
acc
ess
No
inbo
und
path
sele
ctio
nO
ne u
plin
k ac
cess
net
wor
k
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Multilink drawbacks
• Multi-homing– How to deal with multiple home IP addresses
• Nomadicity and mobility– How to deal with vertical roaming– How to deal with service continuity
• Inbound connection– No easy control of the inbound path selection– Only possible through the usage of DNS
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WLAN – 3GPP Interworking
May
not
be
adap
ted
to d
iffer
ent a
cces
s ne
twor
k te
chno
logi
es
A g
loba
l AA
A m
odel
for p
ublic
br
oadb
and
acce
ss
InternetVisited network
terminal
Gateway
WLAN AP
Local AAA server
Home Network
Home AAA server
Billing
Subscribersdata base
AuthorizationAuthenticationAccountingbased onIEEE 802.1x
AAABroker
Several Initiatives (IEEE, 3GPP) in order to standardized the roaming model
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Always Best Connected (ABC)Content
adaptation
AccessNetwork
ABC Network
Corporate Network
Remote Terminal
ABC Terminal
• Always connected• Through the Best access
technology according to:– User preferences– Terminal capabilities– Application requirement
(qos)– security– Network resources– Network policy
Profile Handling
Mobility Management
AAASupport
AccessDiscovery &
Selection
ABC Model
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A Multilink Service
Multi-linkNetwork
Access networkA
Access networkB
Access networkC
PDA
Combining state of the art multilink technologies lead to a new network service
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The Multilink Gateway
Internet
ML terminal
ISP Aaccess gateway
ML gateway
One logical linkcomposed with several
IP tunnels
Application
TCP/UDP
IP
Multilink
Link/phylayer
WEB server
ISP Caccess gateway
ISP Baccess gateway
Application
TCP/UDP
IP
Multilink
IP
LinkB
LinkA
Acts as the access network multiplexerAggregates IP tunnels Th
e M
L G
atew
ay p
rovi
des t
unne
l sel
ectio
n m
echa
nism
for d
ownl
ink
traff
ic
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The Tunneling Method
M u ltilin k
IP
P h y
G R E
L in k
P h yL in k
P h y
IP
M u lti- lin kte rm in a l
M u lti- lin kG a te w a y
W E B s e rve r
T C P
A p p li
3 G P P
P h y
In te rn e t
M u lti- lin kC o n tro l
W iM A x
C o n tro lM u lti- lin kC o n tro l
@ IP IS P 1
@ IP IS P 2
E th e rn e t
IP
@ IP m u lti- lin k IS PT C P /U D P
IP
G R E
E th e rn e t
IP
T C P /U D P
The tunneling method is based on LLTMGR
E (G
ener
ic R
outin
g En
caps
ulat
ion)
pro
vide
s a
pseu
do E
ther
net l
ink
over
seve
ral a
cces
s lin
ks
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The Multilink Control Protocol
• Authentication, Authorization Accounting– May be distributed over access networks based on a global
AAA inter-working framework• Address assignment
– Multilink service provider (home)IP address• Security material
– Encryption • Backup multilink gateway• Link discovery
– Availability and performance testing– User profile (preferences)
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The Multilink core network
Multilink CoreNetwork
ML terminalML gateway
ML gateway
ML gateway
Multilink (logical) link
PDA
The ML gateways are interconnected through either dedicated links or InternetPr
ovid
es sc
alab
ility
and
relia
bilit
yEn
hanc
ed e
ffic
ienc
y (e
.g. M
L ga
tew
ay lo
cate
d in
ISP
netw
orks
)
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Advantages and issues
• Link selection– Real inbound and outbound
path selection possible– On a packet or session basis– Driven by
•User profile•links availability and QOS•Application type
• Operates any access networks– PAN (bluetooth)– LAN (WiFi)– WAN (WiMAX, 3GPP)
• Multi-homing and Mobility– Inherently solved
• Distributed AAA• ABC selection mechanism
– May be complicated to develop • Tunneling method
– Efficiency (overhead)• Service continuity
– Vertical handover
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Conclusion
• A multilink network architecture – ISP neutral– Access network transparent
• Automatic link selection– For outbound as well inbound traffic– Provides bandwidth gain– QOS friendly– Always Best Connected
• Particularly suited for wireless (mobile) connectivity– A wireless (mobile) device should gather several interfaces
• E.G. Bluetooth, WiFi, cellular (3GPP), WiMAX
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References• Multilink
– « Inverse multiplexing over ATM» - Quick Eagle Networks– « Multilink technology white paper » - Stonesoft– « The PPP Multilink protocol » – IETF RFC 1990
• UDLR– « A link layer tunneling mechanism for unidirectional links (LLTM)» - IETF RFC 3077
• Multihoming– « Integrating security, mobility and multi-homing in a HIP way » - Pekka Nikander,
Jukka Ylitalo, Jorna Wall – Ericsson Research• Always Best Connected (ABC)
– « Always Best Connected » - Eva Gustafsson, Amika Johson – Ericsson Research– « On access selection techniques in Always Best Connected networks » - Gàbor
Fodor, Anders Furuskär, Joahan Lundsj – Ericsson Research• Cellular (3GPP) WLAN (WiFi) interworking
– « Interworking techniques and architectures for WLAN/3G integration towards 4G Mobile data networks » – Apostolis K. Salkintzis