a mobility management protocol for ip-based cellular networks p.d. silva and h. sirisena, university...
TRANSCRIPT
A Mobility Management Protocol for
IP-Based Cellular Networks
A Mobility Management Protocol for
IP-Based Cellular NetworksP.D. Silva and H. Sirisena, University of Canterbury
IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2002
Speaker - 691430017 Wei-Jen Lin2003/12/17
OutlineOutline
• Introduction• Requirements for IP-Based Mobility Management• Mobile IP with Regional Registrations
• Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)• Protocol Operation• Handoff/Paging Support
• Protocol Analysis• Handoff Performance• Signaling Cost Analysis
• Conclusions• References
IntroductionIntroduction
• This article presents an IP-Based mobility management protocol based on extensions to an existing proposed protocol, Regional Registrations, and packaged under the name micro-Mobile IP (μMIP).
Introduction – Requirements for IP-Based Mobility
Management
Introduction – Requirements for IP-Based Mobility
Management
• Mobility Management – • Location management• Handoff management
• Requirements – • Hierarchical architecture• Fast handoff• Paging functionality• Compatibility with QoS mechanisms
Introduction – Regional Registrations
Introduction – Regional Registrations
HA
GFA
RFA1 RFA2 RFA3
MN
Home Address GFA IP
Home Address RFAx IP (FA-CoA)orHome Address Co-Located CoA
Home Address Local CoA
Local CoA (RFAx IP or Co-Located CoA)
1. Home Registration (CoA is GFA IP)
2. Regional Registration (CoA is Local CoA)
Reg
ion
al
Regis
trati
on R
equest
Reg
ion
al
Regis
trati
on R
eply
Regis
trati
on
Request
Regis
trati
on
Reply
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP)
• μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast Handoff + Paging
• Regional Registration – Reducing signaling cost.• Fast Handoff – Reducing packet loss.• Paging – Reducing signaling cost and power consumption.
• A group of Subnet Agents (SA) forms a multicast Paging Area group.
• The core network operates independent of the radio access network.
• Beacon – Domain ID, Paging Area ID and Gateway Mobility Agent Care-of Address.
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Architecture
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Architecture
Home Address GMA IP
Home Address SAx IP
Home Address Link Layer Identity
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Protocol Operation
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Protocol Operation
GMA and SA monitor the Registration Request message sended by MN, build up the mapping table and decide to forward to HA or not through the check of N,P bits.
Across the Subnet Agent (Active)Across the Paging Area (Idle)GMA forward it to HA
Periodically
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff
• In general, handoff schemes can be classified as either Proactive or Reactive.
• Some Fast Proactive Handoff schemes : • Hierarchical Mobile IPv4/v6 and Fast Handoffs.• Foreign Agent Assisted Handoffs.• Mechanisms and Hierarchical Topology for Fast Handover
in Wireless IP Networks.
• But, μMIP buffers the packets in GMA and using a new Handoff Imminent extension appended to the Registration Request message.
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) – Fast Handoff
1. The original IP path restored faster while the handoff fail.
2. It also avoids duplicated traffic generated by bicasting.
Micro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - PagingMicro-Mobile IP (μMIP) - Paging
• Two modes – Idle and Active• Manually configuring subnet agent paging groups.• GMA buffers the packets destined to MN and sends
page solicitation message to page the MN.• MN responds by sending registration request (N=0, P=0).
GMA
SA1 SA2 SA3
Multicast
Broadcast Broadcast
IP
RANPA 1 PA 2
Home Address SAx IP
SAx IP PAx Multicast IP
Protocol AnalysisProtocol Analysis
• NS-2 v2.1b7a (Physical layer uses 802.11)• CN send streaming audio date (64kb/s, G.711
codec) to a MN and an average packet size of 200 bytes (50 packets/s, Data/RTP/UDP/IP/Layer-2).
HA
FA FA
MN
CN
GMA
SA
10 Mb/s
10 Mb/s0~100
ms
Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - I
Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - I
• Packet loss during Proactive Handoff.
Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - II
Protocol Analysis – Handoff Performance - II
• Handoff latency during Proactive Handoff.
MN’s Velocity is 55 km/h
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis
pvl
cr
• User Mobility Model – Fluid Flow Model
• rc : SA boundary-crossing rate (mobiles/sec).• p : MNs’ density in the cell.• v : MN’s average Velocity.• l : Cell’s perimeter.
• The analysis doesn’t extend to the cell level. (No IP-level signaling messages !)
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis
• Parameter values used in analysis.
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - I
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - I
• Signaling Cost vs. Paging Area Size.
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - II
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - II
• Signaling Cost vs. MN Velocity.
With an active population base of 5 percent.
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - III
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - III
• Signaling Cost vs. Active MN Population.
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - IV
Protocol Analysis – Signaling Cost Analysis - IV
In μMIP, the Cell’s perimeter is changed to the perimeter of the Paging Area.
ConclusionsConclusions
• μMIP = Mobile IP + Regional Registration + Fast-Handoff + Paging
• Handoff latency was shown to be well below 200 ms threshold with beacon periods of 100 ms.
• Fast-Handoff in μMIP doesn’t employ bicasting.• Reducing packets loss by buffering at the gateway
mobility agent level, previous path could be restored quickly in the event of handoff failures.
ReferencesReferences
• P. D. Silva and H. Sirisena, “A Mobility Management Protocol for IP-Based Cellular Networks”, IEEE Wireless Communications, June 2002.
• E. Gustafsson, A. Johnson, and C. Perkins, “Mobile IP Regional Registration”, Internet draft, Nov. 2003, ietf-mobility-reg-tunnel-08.txt.
• X. Zhang, J. G. Castellanos and A. T. Campbell, “P-MIP: Paging in Mobile IP”, June 2000.
Final ProjectsFinal Projects
GMA
FA1
MN
HA
• μMIP with Associated Paging
FA3
Home Address GMA IP
Stack Size=3Home Address FAx IP , FAy IP , FAz IP
Home Address Link Layer Identity
MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Beacon includes the domain ID.
FAm IP , FAn IP , FAo IP
Probable path of Paging Req. Message
FA2
Not good in the concept of OSI model !
Cellular Network
Final ProjectsFinal Projects
• Mobile IP with Regional Registrations and Associated Paging
GFA
RFA1
MN
HA
RFA3
Home Address GMA IPStack Size=3Home Address FAx IP , FAy IP , FAz IP
Home Address Local CoA
MN sends Reg. Message by judgement of Agent Advertisement includes the RFAx’s IP address.
FAm IP , FAn IP , FAo IP
Probable path of Paging Req. Message
RFA2
Local CoA is FA-CoA.
Paging Request
Des : 255.255.255.255
Paging IP : MN’s Home Address