a minor project report.docx

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A Minor Project ReportA Minor Project Report

onon

“To study the various types of Animals and their habitats”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of degree of

Bachelor of Business Administration(banking and insurance) (2010- 2013)

Under the guidance of:

MS. ANURADHAFaculty, FM!

Su"#itted "y:

MANSHA

$%&'$($()($

**A+*-th Se#e/ter

FFAIRFIELDAIRFIELD INSTITTEINSTITTE !F!F "ANA#E"ENT"ANA#E"ENT ANDAND TE$%N!L!#&TE$%N!L!#&

Affiliated to 0uru 0o"ind Singh ndrapra/tha Uni1er/ity, Delhi.Affiliated to 0uru 0o"ind Singh ndrapra/tha Uni1er/ity, Delhi.

2apa/hera, Ne3 Delhi4 (($$562apa/hera, Ne3 Delhi4 (($$56

STDENT DE$LARATI!N



here"y declare that the project entitled 7!H8 S!UD9 F ARUS ANMA;S AND !H8R

HA*!A!S< under the guidance of 7M/. ANURADHA< /u"#itted in the partial fulfill#ent of degree of

"achelor of "u/ine// ad#ini/tration +**A+*-- fro# 7Fairfield Institute of "ana'ement and

Te(hnolo'y) Ne* Delhi<. !hi/ i/ #y original 3or= and thi/ project 3or= ha/ not for#ed the "a/i/ for the

a3ard of any Degree to the "e/t of #y =no3ledge.

>MANSHA? >$%&'$($()($?

> ?

Place:

Date:

$ertifi(ate



!hi/ i/ to certify that project title 7!H8 SUD9 F ARUS ANMA;S AND !H8R

HA*!A!S< i/ the original 3or= of MANSHA of **A+*- @!H Se#e/ter and ha/ "een duly

co#pleted under #y guidance and /uper1i/ion upto #y /ati/factory le1el.

!hi/ 3or= ha/ "een done in partial fulfill#ent of the reuire#ent for the a3ard of the degree of

**A fro# +FARF8;D NS!!U!8 F MANA08M8N! AND !8BHN;09, 00SPU-

and ha/ not "een /u"#itted any3here in any other uni1er/ity for the a3ard of any degree.

Signature of the 0uide

A(+no*led'ement



t i/ plea/ure to ac=no3ledge #any people 3ho =no3ingly and un3ittingly helped #e, to

co#plete #y project. Fir/t of all let #e prai/e god for all the "le//ing/, 3hich carried #e through

all tho/e year/.

a# particularly inde"ted to Dr. R.2 0AR0, Fairfield n/titute f Manage#ent !echnology,

3hich inculcated in #e ut#o/t re/pect for hu#an 1alue/ and groo#ed #e up in the field of

/oft3are technology to ta=e on the challenge/ of the co#petiti1e 3orld.

Fir/t fore#o/t, 3ould li=e to eCpre// #y regard/ to M/. ANURADHA for her con/tant

encourage#ent and /upport. 3ould al/o li=e to eCpre// #y i##en/e gratitude to3ard/ all the

lecturer/ of our college for pro1iding the in1alua"le =no3ledge, guidance, encourage#ent

eCtended during the co#pletion of thi/ project.

eCtend #y /incere gratitude to all #y teacher/ and guide 3ho #ade unforgetta"le contri"ution.

Due to their /incere effort/ 3a/ a"le to eCcel in the 3or= entru/ted upon #e.

;a/t "ut not the lea/t a# greatful to #y parent/, #y /i/ter, #y "rother, #y friend/ and all 3ell

3i/her/ for their #oral /upport and encourage#ent during the entire period of ti#e.

Signature of the /tudent

Table of B N ! 8 N ! S

Student declaration i



!ertificate b" the guide##ii

Ackno$ledgement ###iii

(. o"jecti1eEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.

. introductionEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

5.SD;B approachEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE...

%. reuire#ent analy/i/EEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE...

@. /oft3are de/ignEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE.E.

&. output and codingEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE..EEEE.

6. conclu/ionEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEEE

Bibliography

!,-E$TI.E !F T%E /R!-E$T



!he 3e"/ite of various types of animals and their habitats "a/ically de1elop/ for

pro1iding =no3ledge a"out ani#al/. t eCplain/ all the infor#ationG/ a"out ani#al/. Main

o"jecti1e of thi/ project i/ to pro1ide infor#ation a"out ani#al/ their different /pecie/ and their

ha"it/. e choo/e thi/ project "ecau/e 3e 3anted to gi1e all nece//ary infor#ation a"out

ani#al/. A per/on get/ all nece//ary infor#ation ea/ily 3ith the help of thi/ project.

• !o =no3 the different type/ of ani#al/ in the 3orld 3hich are not =no3n to e1eryone

• !o pro1ide =no3ledge a"out their /pecie/ and ha"itat/

• !o help people =no3 a"out the difference "et3een carni1ore/ har"i1oure/, cold "looded

3ar# "looded, 1erte"rate/ in1erti"rate/ etc

INTR!D$TI!N



Ani#al/, #ulticellular organi/# that o"tain/ energy "y eating food. ith o1er #illion =no3n

/pecie/, and #any #ore a3aiting identification, ani#al/ are the #o/t di1er/e for#/ of life on

earth. !hey range in /iIe fro# 5$4# +($$4ft- long 3hale/ to #icro/copic organi/#/ only $.$@

## +$.$$ inche/- long. !hey li1e in a 1a/t range of ha"itat/, fro# de/ert/ and arctic tundra to

the deep /ea floor. Ani#al/ are the only li1ing thing/ that ha1e e1ol1ed ner1ou/ /y/te#/ and

/en/e organ/ that #onitor their /urrounding/. !hey are al/o the only for# of life that /ho3

fleCi"le pattern/ of "eha1ior that can "e /haped "y pa/t eCperience. !he /tudy of ani#al/ i/

=no3n a/ Joology.

Ani#al/ #ulticellular organi/#/, a characteri/tic they /hare 3ith plant/ and #any fungi. *ut

they differ fro# plant/ and fungi in /e1eral i#portant 3ay/. Fore#o/t a#ong the/e i/ the 3ay

they o"tain energy. Plant/ o"tain energy directly fro# /unlight through the proce// of photo/ynthe/i/, and they u/e thi/ energy to "uild up organic #atter fro# /i#ple ra3 #aterial/.

Ani#al/, on the other hand, eat other li1ing thing/ or their dead re#ain/. !hey then dige/t thi/

food to relea/e the energy that it contain/. Fungi al/o ta=e in food, "ut in/tead of dige/ting it

internally a/ ani#al/ do, they dige/t it "efore they a"/or" it.

Mo/t ani#al/ life a/ a /ingle fertiliIed cell, 3hich di1ide/ #any ti#e/ to produce the thou/and/

or #illion/ of cell/ needed to for# a functioning "ody. During thi/ proce//, group/ of cell/

de1elop different characteri/tic/ and arrange the#/el1e/ in ti//ue/ that carry out /pecialiIed

function/. 8pithelial ti//ue co1er/ the "odyK/ inner and outer /urface/, 3hile connecti1e ti//ue

"ind/ it together and pro1ide/ /upport. Ner1ou/ ti//ue conduct/ the /ignal/ that coordinate the

"ody +/ee Ner1ou/ Sy/te#-, and #u/cle ti//ueL3hich #a=e/ up o1er t3o4third/ of the "ody

#a// of /o#e ani#al/Lcontract/ to #a=e the "ody #o1e. !hi/ #o"ility, coupled 3ith rapid

re/pon/e/ to opportunitie/ and haIard/, i/ one feature that di/tingui/he/ ani#al/ fro# other for#/

of life. So#e =ind/ of #o1e#ent, /uch a/ the /lo3 progre// of a li#pet a/ it creep/ acro// roc=/,

are /o /lo3 that they are al#o/t i#percepti"le.

ther/, /uch a/ the attac=ing di1e of a peregrine falcon or the leap of a flea, are /o fa/t that they

are difficult or e1en i#po//i"le to follo3. Many /ingle4celled organi/#/ can #o1e, "ut in

a"/olute ter#/, ani#al/ are "y far the fa/te/t4#o1ing li1ing thing/ on earth. Ani#al life /pan/

1ary fro# le// than 5 3ee=/ in /o#e in/ect/ to o1er a century in giant tortoi/e/. So#e ani#al/,



/uch a/ /ponge/, #ollu/=/, fi/h, and /na=e/, /ho3 indeter#inate gro3th, 3hich #ean/ that they

continue to gro3 throughout life. Mo/t, ho3e1er, reach a pre4defined /iIe at #aturity, at 3hich

point their phy/ical gro3th /top/.



SDL$ Approa(h

!he /oft3are de1elop#ent life cycle +SD;B- i/ the proce// "a/ed /tandard practice to

de1elop any =ind of /oft3are product. !he/e proce//e/ are categorie/ a/ pha/e/ in SD;B and

related to different acti1itie/. Different #odel/ are de/cri"ed in /oft3are engineering teCt "oo=/,

"ut none i/ fully /ati/fied all the need of a /oft3are co#panie/. So#e SD;B #odel/ are ater

Fall Model, Spiral Model, Prototype Model etc.

!he different pha/e/ of a typical SD;B are a/:

01 Re2uest for /ro3e(t 4RF/5

!he fir/t /tage i/ the RFP 3herein a reue/t to /tart a project i/ #ade. !he reue/t can "e

#ade either "y the tip #anage#ent or end u/er/.

61 Detailed re2uirement #atherin'

A/ the PRF i/ /igned off appro1ed, reuire#ent gathering /tart/. *u/ine// Analy/t/

gather the reuire#ent/ fro# the u/er and prepare a SRS docu#ent. !hi/ docu#ent then need/ to

"e /igned off "y the u/er to appro1e that the reuire#ent/ #entioned in SRS ha1e "een rightly

co#prehended.

71 Desi'n

After the SRS /ign off, de/ign pha/e /tart/, 3herein the /oft3are de1elop#ent /tart/ at

the 1endor/ end. Here al/o, t3o type/ of docu#ent/ are prepared.

%i'h Level desi'n Do(uments

!he/e docu#ent/ contain Data Flo3 diagra#/, Proce// Flo3 Bhart/ etc. !hi/

docu#ent /o#e ti#e called Architecture De/ign Docu#ent, "ecau/e it de/cri"ed thearchitecture 1ie3 of the propo/ed /oft3are product.

81 Development

• Po/t finaliIation of the /oft3are de/ign, de1elop#ent tea# u/e/ the de/ign docu#ent to

de1elop indi1idual /oft3are unit/.



• Po/t co#pletion of de1elop#ent, the de1elop#ent tea# doe/ the unit te/ting and initiate/

Sy/te# ntegration !e/ting +S!-.

• n /ucce//ful co#pletion of te/ting, the /oft3are i/ relea/ed for UA! +U/er Acceptance

!e/ting-.

91 Testin'

*efore /oft3are i/ deployed it i/ te/ted to chec= if it #eet/ all the reuire#ent criteria.

For thi/, a Sy/te# !e/t Plan 3ith Sy/te# !e/t Ba/e/ i/ prepared.

:1 Implementation

After the U/er /ign/ off the de1eloped /oft3are, a pilot i/ i#ple#ented.



RE;IRE"ENT ANAL&SIS

Introdu(tion

Reuire#ent/ analy/i/ in /y/te#/ engineering and /oft3are engineering, enco#pa//e/

tho/e ta/=/ that go into deter#ining the need/ or condition/ to #eet for a ne3 or altered product,

ta=ing account of the po//i"ly conflicting reuire#ent/ of the 1ariou/ /ta=eholder/, /uch a/

"eneficiarie/ or u/er/.

Reuire#ent/ analy/i/ i/ critical to the /ucce// of a de1elop#ent project Reuire#ent/

#u/t "e docu#ented, actiona"le, #ea/ura"le, te/ta"le, related to identified "u/ine// need/ or

opportunitie/, and defined to a le1el of detail /ufficient for /y/te# de/ign. Reuire#ent/ can "e

architectural, /tructural, "eha1ioral, functional, and non4functional.

Te(hnolo'ies Re2uired

Follo3ing i/ a ta"ular repre/entation of the technology to "e u/ed for the de1elop#ent of

the propo/ed /olution:

System Re2uirements

perating Sy/te# indo3/ P SP

<eb Te(hnolo'ies • H!M; (.$ !ran/itional

• BSS4(,,5



S!FT<ARE DESI#N

Introdu(tion

!hi/ curriculu# #odule pro1ide/ an introduction to the principle/ and concept/ rele1ant

to the de/ign of large progra#/ and /y/te#/. t eCa#ine/ the role and conteCt of the de/ign

acti1ity a/ a for# of pro"le#4/ol1ing proce//, de/cri"e/ ho3 thi/ i/ /upported "y current de/ign

#ethod/, and con/ider/ the /trategie/, /trength/, li#itation/, and #ain do#ain/ of application of

the/e #ethod/.

%i'h Level=Detailed Desi'n 4%LD=DD5

A high4le1el de/ign pro1ide/ an o1er1ie3 of a /olution, platfor#, /y/te#, product,

/er1ice, or proce//. Such an o1er1ie3 i/ i#portant in a #ulti4project de1elop#ent to #a=e /ure

that each /upporting co#ponent de/ign 3ill "e co#pati"le 3ith it/ neigh"oring de/ign/ and 3ith

the "ig picture.

LA&!T !F /R!-E$T



ANMA;S

N!RDUB!N

!9P8S F ANMA;S ANMA; HA*!A!S F88DN0

8R!8*RA!8S AND N8R!8*RA!8S AOUA!B HA*!A!S H8R*R8S AND BARNR8S

B;D *;D8D AND ARM *;D8D ;AND HA*!A!S !H8R F88DN0 S!RA!808S

AMAJN0 D8S

R8PRDUB!N



!T/T AND$!DIN#

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=no3n /pecie/ and the #ollu/=/, including "i1al1e/, /nail/, and octopu/e/, 3ith

at lea/t ($$,$$$ /pecie/. !he arthropod/, 3ith a"out ( #illion =no3n /pecie/,

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that actually eCi/t. So#e "iologi/t/ e/ti#ate that the total nu#"er of ne#atode

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Bo#paredn"/pton"/p1erte"rate/, #o/t in1erte"rate/ are ani#al/ of #ode/t

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n land, /o#e in1erte"rate/ #anage to o1erco#e the pro"le# of cold "y u/ing

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/pecial for# of /hi1ering to rai/e their "ody te#perature to 5@B +'@F- "efore

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erte"rate/ are cu/to#arily di1ided into cold4"looded and 3ar#4"looded ani#al/,

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n the /ea/ and ocean/, the greate/t di1er/ity of ani#al life i/ found

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reef/, under3ater ridge/ that for# in clear 3ater 3here the #ini#u#

te#perature i/ $ B +&) F- or a"o1e. Boral reef/ are co#po/ed of an

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great di1er/ity of ani#al life in reef/ i/ that li1ing coral create/ a

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n open 3ater, depth ha/ a #ar=ed influence on ani#al life/tyle/. !he/urface layer/ of the open /ea tee# 3ith /#all and /u"#icro/copic

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fontQfont colorFF''$$Q!he ratfi/h i/ a #e#"er of a /pecie/ of

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ho#e to"y far the large/t nu#"er of ani#al /pecie/ on land. !he/e ani#al/

include the #ajority of the 3orldK/ in/ect/, #o/t of it/ pri#ate/, and a

large proportion of it/ "ird/. !ropical fore/t/ ha1e eCi/ted longer than any

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ha"itat/ are /trongly influenced "y cli#ate, the co#"ination of

precipitation and te#perature condition/ eCperienced in a region. At or near

the euator, year4round #oi/ture and 3ar#th generate/ a con/tant /upply of

food. Further north or /outh, /ea/onal change/ "eco#e #uch #ore pronounced,

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tropical fore/t/ i/ /till poorly =no3n, and ne3 /pecie/ are con/tantly "eing



di/co1ered. !he #ajority of the/e ne3ly identified ani#al/ are

in1erte"rate/, "ut larger ani#al/ ha1e al/o co#e to light during the $th

century. Major di/co1erie/ ha1e included three large "ut /ecreti1e

plant4eating #a##al/: the o=api, di/co1ered in Bentral Africa in ('$( the

=ouprey, fir/t officially de/cri"ed fro# the fore/t/ of Ba#"odia in ('56

and the /ao la, fro# fore/t/ "ordering ;ao/ and ietna#, 3hich 3a/ for#allyidentified in (''5."rQ

"rQ

Unli=e tropical fore/t/, te#perate fore/t/ pro1ide ani#al/ 3ith an a"undance

of food during /pring and /u##er, "ut a dearth during the 3inter. n thi/

ha"itat, ani#al/ ha1e e1ol1ed /e1eral different /trategie/ for a1oiding

/tar1ation during the 3inter #onth/. Food hoarder/, /uch a/ /uirrel/ and

jay "ird/, "ury /urplu/ food during the fall, and dig it up again 3hen other

food /upplie/ run out. ther fore/t ani#al/, /uch a/ the co##on dor#ou/e,

a1oid food /hortage/ "y hi"ernation, a period of inacti1ity 3hen "ody

te#perature i/ lo3ered. A third group of ani#al/`co#po/ed chiefly of "ird/,

"ut al/o including /o#e "at/ and in/ect/L#igrate/ to 3ar#er region/ "efore

the 3inter "egin/ and return/ again in /pring. n "oreal fore/t/, 3hich are

found in the far north, the /ea/onal /3ing/ are #ore eCtre#e. Here only a

fe3 /pecie/ /tay and re#ain acti1e during the 3inter #onth/.fontQ"QfontQfontQpQ

pQfont colorFFFFFFQfont /iIeQ"Qfont faceBo#ic San/ MSQ"rQ

For land ani#al/, the #o/t te/ting ha"itat/ are one/ that eCperience inten/e

drought or eCtre#e cold. De/ert ani#al/ cope 3ith heat and 3ater /hortage "y

"eha1ioral adaptation/, /uch a/ re#aining "elo3 ground "y day, and al/o "y

phy/iological adaptation/. North A#erican =angaroo rat/, for eCa#ple, can

li1e entirely on dry /eed/ 3ithout e1er drin=ing liuid 3ater. !hey do thi/

"y lo/ing 1ery little #oi/ture fro# their "odie/ and u/ing all theuot#eta"olic 3ateruot that i/ for#ed 3hen food i/ "ro=en do3n to relea/e energy."rQ

"rQ

n tundra and on polar ice, 3inter air te#perature/ can fall to "elo3 4%$ B

+4%$ F-, 3hich i/ far colder than the te#perature of the /urrounding /ea/.

!he /#alle/t inha"itant/ of tundra, 3hich include 1a/t nu#"er/ of #o/uitoe/

and other "iting flie/, /pend 3inter in a /tate of /u/pended ani#ation and

are =ept ali1e "y che#ical antifreeIe 3ithin their ti//ue/. !he fe3 ani#al/

that do re#ain acti1e on land or ice during 3inter, /uch a/ /eal/ and #ale

e#peror penguin/, rely on a thic= layer of in/ulating fat to pre1ent their

"ody heat lea=ing a3ay. ithout thi/ fat, they 3ould die 3ithin a #atter of

#inute/.fontQ"rQ

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font faceBo#ic San/ MS colorFFFFFFQJoogeographic Region/ "rQ

!he 3orldG/ land area i/ di1ided into /iC Ioogeographic region/, each 3ith

different fauna. ithin the/e region/, ani#al/ are grouped "y the particularha"itat they occupy. ;and ani#al/ 3ill tend to3ard ha"itat/ "a/ed on #any

factor/, including indigenou/ food and a1aila"ility of natural protection

fro# predator/."rQ

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H8R*R8S AND BARNR8S ANMA;S



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"ody "gcolor$$FFFF onloaddynAni#ation+- language^a1a/cript(.Q

"Qfont faceBo#ic San/ MS /iIe color''$$$$Qn general, ani#al/ eat

plant/, other ani#al/, or the re#ain/ of li1ing thing/. Plant4eater/, or

her"i1ore/, often do not ha1e to /earch far to find thing/ to eat, and in /o#e

ca/e/`for eCa#ple 3ood4"oring in/ect/`they are entirely /urrounded "y their

food. !he di/ad1antage of a plant4"a/ed diet i/ that it can "e difficult to

dige/t and i/ often lo3 in nutrient/."rQ

!o o1erco#e the fir/t of the/e pro"le#/, #o/t her"i1ore/ ha1e tough #outhpart/

for che3ing and grinding their food. Many plant4eating ani#al/, fro# ter#ite/ to

cattle, ha1e co#pleC dige/ti1e /y/te#/ containing #icroorgani/#/ that "rea= do3n

cellulo/e and other indige/ti"le plant /u"/tance/, turning the# into nutrient/

that the ani#al/ can a"/or". !he /econd pro"le#`lac= of nutrient/Li/ harder to

/ide/tep, particularly in a diet #ade up largely of lea1e/. A/ a re/ult,

leaf4eater/ often ha1e to feed for #any hour/ each day to o"tain the nutrient/

that they need."rQ

Barni1ore/ li1e on fle/h fro# other ani#al/ that i/ often nutrient4rich and ea/y

to dige/t "ut difficult to o"tain. Finding and capturing thi/ =ind of food call/

for =een /en/e/. *ut e1en though a hunter ha/ acute 1i/ion or a highly de1eloped

/en/e of /#ell, a large proportion of a hunterK/ 1icti#/ #anage to e/cape. f



thi/ happen/ too often, a predator uic=ly /tar1e/."rQ

So#e #a##alian predator/, /uch a/ the lion and 3olf, increa/e their chance/ of

/ucce// "y hunting in group/. hile thi/ /trategy ena"le/ the# to tac=le larger

prey, a /ucce//ful =ill ha/ to "e /hared a#ong #e#"er/ of the group. *ut in the

ani#al 3orld a/ a 3hole, #any other predator/ adopt a le// energy4inten/i1e

approach to catching their food. n/tead of acti1ely /earching out their prey,

they po/ition the#/el1e/ in a /uita"le location and 3ait for their prey to co#e

3ithin /tri=ing di/tance.fontQ"Q"rQ

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Mo/t predator/ hunt

the large/t ani#al/ that they can catch

font faceBo#ic San/ MS colorFFFFFFQ3fontQ"Qfont faceBo#ic San/ MS

colorFFFFFFQithout

putting the#/el1e/ unduly at ri/=. Ho3e1er, /o#e ani#al/ concentrate on

food ite#/ that are #uch too /#all to "e 3orth collecting one "y one.

n/tead of catching food indi1idually, they ha1e /pecial feeding

adaptation/ for /3eeping it up in "ul=."rQ

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n land, the/e ani#al/ include in/ect4eating #a##al/, /uch a/ anteater/

and pangolin/. U/ing their long and /tic=y tongue/, they lic= up ant/ andter#ite/ and can con/u#e o1er $,$$$ in/ect/ a day. n 3ater, thi/ =ind of

feeding /trategy i/ #irrored "y ani#al/ called filter feeder/, 3hich /ie1e

/#all ani#al/ or food particle/ fro# their /urrounding/. Many of the/e

filter feeder/ are /e//ile ani#al/ that /ie1e food fro# the 3ater

i##ediately around the#. ther/, /uch a/ /o#e 3hale/, /coop up their food

3hile on the #o1e and filter it out in their #outh/, u/ing /pecialiIed

gill/ or plate/ of a fi"rou/ #aterial called "aleen. !hi/ feeding

techniue i/ eCtre#ely efficient, allo3ing 3hale/ to gro3 to an i##en/e

/iIe."rQ

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n another feeding techniue, predator/ /ee= out /ource/ of food that are

#uch larger than the#/el1e/ "ut only eat part of their prey`u/ually it/

"lood. !hi/ 3ay of life i/ ha/ "een pur/ued 3ith great /ucce// "y /e1eral

group/ of flying in/ect/, /uch a/ #o/uitoe/ and hor/eflie/. *ut in the

ani#al 3orld a/ a 3hole, fluid diet/ are #uch #ore co##on in ani#al/ that

feed on plant/. Aphid/, cicada/, and other true "ug/ u/e piercing

#outhpart/ to /uc= /ap fro# plant /te#/. Many different ani#al/, including



#oth/, "utterflie/, hu##ing"ird/, and "at/, u/e pro"ing "ea=/ and tongue/

to reach nectar in flo3er/."rQ

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!o a1oid the need to trac= do3n food, /o#e ani#al/ u/e a highly

/pecialiIed feeding /trategy, called para/iti/# +/ee Para/ite-. A para/ite

li1e/ on or in/ide other ani#al/ and /i#ply /iphon/ off /o#e of it/ ho/tK/food or, #ore co##only, feed/ on the ho/t it/elf. 8Cternal para/ite/, /uch

a/ flea/, ha1e 3ell4de1eloped /en/e/ and adaptation/ that ena"le the# to

cling to their ho/t/. nternal para/ite/, /uch a/ tape3or#/ and li1er

flu=e/, are highly #odified for a life in/ide their ho/t/. !he /en/e

organ/ of internal para/ite/ are rudi#entary or a"/ent "ecau/e they do not

need to find food or a1oid ene#ie/. n/tead, they de1ote their ti#e

entirely to the t3in ta/=/ of feeding and reproduction."rQ

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;i=e all li1ing thing/, ani#al/ ha1e li#ited life /pan/. Although indi1idual

ani#al/ e1entually die, reproduction en/ure/ that they hand on their

characteri/tic/ to future generation/. Ani#al/ reproduce at #ar=edly different

rate/, "ut all ha1e the potential to increa/e their nu#"er/ if re/ource/ allo3

it. n practice, /harp increa/e/ are rare, =ept in chec= "y predator/ and food

/hortage/. fontQ "rQ

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font color3hite /iIe&Q*Q#ulticellularn"/porgani/# that

o"tain/ energy "y eating food. ith o1er #illion =no3n /pecie/, and #any #ore

a3aiting identification, ani#al/ are the #o/t di1er/e for#/ of life on earth.

!hey range in /iIe fro# 5$4# +($$4ft- long 3hale/ to #icro/copic organi/#/ only$.$@ ## +$.$$ in- long. !hey li1e in a 1a/t range of ha"itat/, fro# de/ert/ and

Arctic tundra to the deep4/ea floor. Ani#al/ are the only li1ing thing/ that

ha1e e1ol1ed ner1ou/ /y/te#/ and /en/e organ/ that #onitor their /urrounding/.

!hey are al/o the only for#/ of life that /ho3 fleCi"le pattern/ of "eha1ior

that can "e /haped "y pa/t eCperience. !he /tudy of ani#al/ i/ =no3n a/ Ioology.

Ani#al/n"/paren"/p#ulticellular organi/#/, a characteri/tic they /hare

3ith plant/ and #any fungi. *ut they differ fro# plant/ and fungi in /e1eral

i#portant 3ay/. Fore#o/t a#ong the/e i/ the 3ay they o"tain energy. Plant/

o"tain energy directly fro# /unlight through the proce// of photo/ynthe/i/, and

they u/e thi/ energy to "uild up organic #atter fro# /i#ple ra3 #aterial/.

Ani#al/, on the other hand, eat other li1ing thing/ or their dead re#ain/. !hey

then dige/t thi/ food to relea/e the energy that it contain/. Fungi al/o ta=e in

food, "ut in/tead of dige/ting it internally a/ ani#al/ do, they dige/t it

"efore they a"/or" it.

Mo/tn"/pani#al/n"/p/tartn"/plife a/ a /ingle fertiliIed cell, 3hich di1ide/

#any ti#e/ to produce the thou/and/ or #illion/ of cell/ needed to for# a

functioning "ody. During thi/ proce//, group/ of cell/ de1elop different

characteri/tic/ and arrange the#/el1e/ in ti//ue/ that carry out /pecialiIed

function/. 8pithelial ti//ue co1er/ the "odyK/ inner and outer /urface/, 3hileconnecti1e ti//ue "ind/ it together and pro1ide/ /upport. Ner1ou/ ti//ue

conduct/ the /ignal/ that coordinate the "ody +/ee Ner1ou/ Sy/te#-, and

#u/cle ti//ueL3hich #a=e/ up o1er t3o4third/ of the "ody #a// of /o#e

ani#al/Lcontract/ to #a=e the "ody #o1e. !hi/ #o"ility, coupled 3ith rapid

re/pon/e/ to opportunitie/ and haIard/, i/ one feature that di/tingui/he/

ani#al/ fro# other for#/ of life.So#en"/p=ind/n"/pofn"/pani#aln"/p#o1e#ent, /uch a/ the

/lo3 progre// of a li#pet

a/ it creep/ acro// roc=/, are /o /lo3 that they are al#o/t i#percepti"le.

ther/, /uch a/ the attac=ing di1e of a peregrine falcon or the leap of a flea,

are /o fa/t that they are difficult or e1en i#po//i"le to follo3. Many

/ingle4celled organi/#/ can #o1e, "ut in a"/olute ter#/, ani#al/ are "y far the

fa/te/t4#o1ing li1ing thing/ on earth.Ani#aln"/plifen"/p/pan/n"/p1ary fro# le// than 5 3ee=/

in /o#e in/ect/ to

o1er a century in giant tortoi/e/. So#e ani#al/, /uch a/ /ponge/, #ollu/=/,

fi/h, and /na=e/, /ho3 indeter#inate gro3th, 3hich #ean/ that they continue to

gro3 throughout life. Mo/t, ho3e1er, reach a pre4defined /iIe at #aturity, at

3hich point their phy/ical gro3th /top/."QfontQ



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The of study the various types of Animals and their habitat

de/cri"e e1erything in the project a"out ani#al/. !he project i/ fully "a/ed on nfor#ation A"out

ani#al/. !he project conclude

(. ntroduction a"out 1ariou/ ani#al/

. erte"rate and in1erte"rate ani#al/: V of ani#al/ are 1erti"rate/ and re/t ')V are

in1erti"rate/

5. Bold "looded and 3ar# "looded ani#al/: 1erti"rate/ in1ol1e cold "looded and 3ar#

"looded ani#al/

%. Ani#al/ ha"itat: auatic and land ani#al/

@. Feeding: har"i1ore/ and carni1ore/



,I,LI!#RA/%&

,!!>S?

(- 7Ani#al Far#< "y 0eorge r3ell

- 7All Breature/ 0reat And S#all< "y ^a#e/ Herriot

<E,SITES?

(- http:333./ea3orld.organi#al4infoinfo4"oo=/indeC.ht#

- 333.green#ap.org

5- animals.nationalgeographic.co#

%- 333.dpughphoto.co#

http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/index.htm

http://www.greenmap.org/

http://www.seaworld.org/animal-info/info-books/index.htm

http://www.greenmap.org/

a minor project report.docx

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