CHEMISTRYA look into the periodic table and

some of its elements

What is an Element?

Everything around us is made up of different materials called elements. These are the basic building blocks of everything around us: the sun, the air you breathe, the water you drink, and even the dog you pet. Make sure to pay attention. After you are done reading, there will be a quiz!!!

The Element Song

Click here to hear a song on the elements

What is the Periodic Table?

Scientists have discovered over 120 elements to date. Some are gasses, some are liquids, and some are solids

What is the Periodic Table?

Some conduct electricity while others do not.

What is the Periodic Table?

Some dissolve in water and some do not

What is the Periodic Table?Elements vary in color, shape, and even weight

What is the Periodic Table?

So how do scientists categorize these different elements?

What is the Periodic Table?

The periodic table helps them do this.

The Periodic Table

The table was first created by Dmitri Mendeleev, a Russian scientist, in the year 1869 and has been edited many times by new scientists as new information has been discovered.

Organization

Elements in the periodic table are arranged in rows (side to side) known as periods, and columns (up and down) known as groups.

Trends

It is no accident that the elements are placed in a certain period or group. There are many different patterns that you can notice if you study the periodic table.

TrendsThe atomic radius of each element increase as you move down a group from top to bottom and decrease as you move from left to right across a period. Therefore, the element with the biggest atomic radius is located in the bottom left corner of the table.

Trends

The mass of an element increases both when you move down a group from top to bottom and when you move left to right across a period. Therefore, the heaviest element is located in the bottom right corner of the table.

Grouping of Elements

Elements are arranged in the same group or period when they have similar characteristics.

Grouping of Elements

For example, all of the elements (excluding hydrogen) react violently when placed in water. In fact, the reaction of Cesium and water actually produces sparks.

Types of Elements

Scientists classify elements with many similar characteristics into 3 different categories: metal, nonmetal and metalloid.

Elements

Click on each element to learn more about their characteristics and uses

Oxygen

Hydrogen

Helium

Lithium

Carbon

Nitrogen

Sodium

Aluminum

Potassium

Arsenic

Hydrogen

H Nonmetal Is the lightest element and makes up

90% of the universe. Hydrogen is one of the elements used to make water (H20) and also makes up most of the sun

Helium

He Nonmetal Helium is an odorless gas. It is the

second most abundant element in the universe. Helium is used in hot air balloons because it is less dense than the air around us.

Lithium

Li Lithium is a metal used in many different

types of batteries. Lithium is the least dense solid element. When pure, it silver white in color and very soft.

Carbon

C Nonmetal Carbon is the building block for all living

things. It forms graphite, and under extreme pressure, forms diamonds.

Nitrogen

N Nonmetal Nitrogen makes up 78% of our

atmosphere. It also forms vital components in food and fertilizer. Nitrogen gas is colorless and odorless.

Oxygen

O Nonmetal Oxygen is a gas and is needed for

humans to breathe. In order for something to burn, there must be oxygen present.

Sodium

Na Metal Sodium is an alkali earth metal. It is used

in street lamps and gives the light a yellow tint. When combined with chlorine, table salt (NaCl) is formed.

Aluminum

Al Metal Aluminum is a silvery white metal. It is

found in many products including pop cans and tin foil.

Potassium

K Metal Potassium is an alkali earth metal found

in soil. It is a vital element in the human diet. Potassium can be found in bananas.

Arsenic

Ar Metal Arsenic is poisonous to all living beings

and is commonly used in rat poison. It can also be found in car batteries.

Directions

Now you will be tested on what you have learned. Be sure to take your time and read all the questions and answers.

Good Luck

Question 1

What are the vertical groupings in the periodic table?

Columns

Periods

Groups

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 2

Where is the lightest element in the periodic table?

Top left

Bottom right

Bottom Left

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 3

Where is the heaviest element in the periodic table found?

Top right

Bottom left

Bottom right

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 4

Who was the first scientist to form the periodic table?

Mendeleev

Einstein

Pasteur

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Question 5

Which element makes up 78% of the atmosphere?

Carbon

Oxygen

Nitrogen

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 6

Which element is poisonous? Potassium

Carbon

Arsenic

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Question 7

Which element is used to fill balloons? Carbon

Helium

Lithium

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Question 8

Which element is the most abundant?Potassium

Hydrogen

Oxygen

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 9

Which element is used in batteries?Carbon

Sodium

Lithium

`

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 10

Which element is the basic building block for all life?

Carbon

Sodium

Nitrogen

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 11

Which element is needed to be present for a fire?

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Lithium

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 12

Which element makes table salt when combined with chlorine?

Sodium

Potassium

Aluminum

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 13

Which element is used to make pop cans?Carbon

Potassium

Aluminum

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

Question 14

Which element is found in bananas?Nitrogen

Potassium

Hydrogen

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Correct, you are on your way to becoming a great chemist!!!

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Resources

http://www.proteacher.com/redirect.php?goto=5381

http://sciencespot.net/Pages/classchem.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GFIvXVM

bII0 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_table_of

_elements http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_pertab

le.htmlEnd presentation