A LITTLE REVIEW BEFORE CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2 NOTES:

CANDY QUEST

• In what century did Ancient Times end?

5th

• In what year do historians place as the end of Ancient Times?

476

• What happened in 476 to end Ancient Times?

the fall of Rome, the capital of the Western Roman Empire

• What time period follows Ancient Times?

Medieval Times (the Middle Ages)

• To which Christianized tribe did the Merovingian Dynasty belong?

Franks

• Which government official held the real power in the Merovingian Dynasty by the 8th

century?

the Major Domo (Mayor of the Palace)

• Why is the Battle of Tours significant?

Christians, led by Major Domo Charles Martel, hammered the Muslims out of France

• How did the Battle of Tours encourage European Christians?

They believed God was on their side instead of on the side of Muslims.

• Which ruler began a Carolingian Renaissance of learning not seen since the

Pax Romana?Charlemagne

• Which eastern ruler resented Charlemagne being crowned “Emperor of

the Romans?”

the Byzantine Emperor

• What did the pope receive from Pepin the Short in exchange for Pepin being crowned “King of the Franks

by the grace of God” by the pope?Papal States

• Where were the Papal States located?central Italian Peninsula

• What major city then became the center of the Western Roman (Catholic) Church?

Rome

• What precedent was set when the pope began to crown kings of Europe?

political power rests more with popes than with kings

• Why did the Byzantine Emperor resent Charlemagne?

sole Roman rulers since the split of the Roman Empire had always been Byzantine Emperors

• Which language do you believe Charlemagne used to Christianize his subjects & to begin a

cultural rebirth of learning?

Latin

• In what French town did the Treaty of Verdun end the civil war between Charlemagne’s

grandsons?

Verdun

CHAPTER 8 LESSON 2 NOTES: FEUDALISM, THE MANOR ECONOMY, AND THE MEDIEVAL CHRISTIAN CHURCH

I. Feudalism in Western Europe by A.D. 800s A. Social system of rigid class divisions

B. Political system of local government supported by military defense

C. Economic system based on self- sufficient manors

II. Reasons for feudalism

A. No strong, centralized government following the empire of Charlemagne

B. A tradition of Germanic tribal culture

Feudal Pyramid

King and Church

lords / vassals

knights

serfs

III.

A. King grants an estate called a fief to a lord who grants sections of his estate to lesser lords called vassals

B. These vassals pledge allegiance & military

service to the lord in a ceremony called

homage or investiture

C. Military service is provided by knights as medieval mounted war specialists

D. Peasants, called serfs, farm the land in exchange for protection

IV. Vassals’ duties to his lord A. Provide an army

B. Collect taxes & bridge tolls

C. Hold courts of (Germanic) justice 1. trial by battle 2. trial by ordeal (severe pain inflicted

to determine innocence or guilt) 3. trial by compurgation (character witnesses) D. Provide aid (housing, ransom, son’s

knighthood, daughter’s wedding)

V. Knights’ duties to vassals

“dubbing”

A. Fight as feudal soldier, participating in mock battles called tournaments

[jousting]

B. Steps to knighthood: 1. page = age 7, serving royal household & learned the art of chivalry (code of honorable conduct)

2. squire = age 15, serving a knight, learning military techniques, proving himself in battle

3. knighthood = age 21 by an elaborate, religious ceremony [fasting for 24 hours before the ceremony began]

[A knight always pledged his allegiance to his three masters: *his feudal lord, *his Heavenly Lord, and *his feudal lady]

VI. Serfs’ duties to lords:

A. Farm land in exchange for protection = system of a manor economy

B. Share crops / village goods with lord

C. Pay free labor tax called the corvée to lord

D. Pay tax called the tithe to Catholic Church

E. Keep the manor (village) self-sufficient because there is no protection if one leaves the manor to

trade for goods elsewhere

St. Peter’s Cathedral in Rome: The largest Christian

Church in the world

VII. The Christian Church’s teachings and practices shaped the lives of the people

of Europe:

A. The Church was a social center as well as a place of worship.

B. Priests guided people on issues of values and morality.

C. Monks and nuns cared for the poor and sick, set up schools for children, and gave food and lodging to travelers.

VIII. In the centuries after the fall of Rome, the Church became the most powerful secular, or worldly, force in medieval Europe:

A. Medieval popes began to claim papal supremacy or authority over all secular (worldly) rulers

B. The medieval Church developed its own body of laws, known as canon law, as well as its own courts called the Inquisition to search out and try heretics (anyone who opposes Church doctrine).

[Torture was sometimes used to convince “heretics” of their “misguided” beliefs]

C. Anyone who disobeyed canon law faced a range of penalties such as excommunication (penalties placed on individuals) and the interdict (penalties placed on a region).

D. The Church also had absolute power in religious matters.

IX. A number of Church reform movements spread across Europe:

A. The Benedictine Rule was revived under which monks and nuns took vows of obedience, poverty, and chastity.

B. Pope Gregory VII outlawed marriage for priests; prohibited simony (the selling of Church offices); and outlawed usury (the charging of interests on loans)

C. Francis of Assisi set up the Franciscan order to teach poverty, humility, and love of God

D. The Dominican order devoted itself to teaching official

Roman Catholic beliefs.

patron saint of animals

Defender of the Catholic

faith

X. Jewish communities existed across Europe:

A. In hard times, Christians persecuted the Jews as scapegoats, blaming them for economic problems, illnesses, and disasters.

B. Prejudice against Jews, known as anti-Semitism, became widespread

C. In response to growing persecution, thousands of Jews migrated from Western to Eastern Europe.

How much do you remember…including info from your assigned reading for Friday

that most of you completed in class yesterday?

1. Which of the following became the greatest symbol of growth for Europe‘s economic recovery during the later Middle Ages?

A. the aristocracy B. cathedrals C. towns

D. serfdom

C

2. The kind of revolution that occurred in Europe by the 11th century that would alter Europe forever was in:A. agricultureB. commerceC. bankingD. construction

A

3. Which of the following would have been a new way to farm in the High Middle Ages?

A. a water mill to grind grainB. 3-field system of planting cropsC. a wooden plow to make rows for

seedsD. oxen to pull the wooden plows

B

4. Which of the following led most to a diffusion of new ideas and goods brought to Europe from Asia during the High Middle Ages? A. feudalism B. a manor economy C. trade D. jousting tournaments

C

5. Charlemagne’s initial success came when A. the pope crowned him Emperor of the Romans on Christmas Day, 800. B. his ancestor made the Major Domo position hereditary. C. his grandfather, Charles Martel, prevented the Muslims from conquering Christian France D. All of these.

B

6. What was the result of the practice of popes approving the coronations of European kings? A. The Papal States could be moved to safer locations when needed. B. Byzantine emperors would no longer support kings in the West. C. Pepin the Short could take back the Papal States at any time. D. Popes appeared to have more political power than Christian kings.

D

7. The emperor in Constantinople did not accept

Charlemagne’s title of “Emperor of the Romans” because A. Byzantine rulers have traditionally been considered the true rulers of Roman

lands. B. he resented Charlemagne’s methods of Christianizing his subjects by the sword. C. the lands Charlemagne was ruling were not original Roman lands at all. D. Charlemagne’s heritage was Germanic, not Roman. A

8. What was the result of the Treaty of Verdun

in the mid-9th century? A. Christians believed their God favored them over the Muslims. B. The Vikings settled in the

Scandinavian regions of Europe. C. Not one of Charlemagne’s three grandsons was strong enough to defeat the other two. D. The Holy Roman Empire was first led by the Carolingian Dynasty.C

9. Feudal manors were required to be self- sufficient during much of the Middle Ages because A. There was never a knight around when you needed one. B. The Christian Church forbade leaving until all tithes were paid. C. serfs were not literate enough to go off on their own. D. there was little or no trade

D

10. Why did feudalism develop in Europe following the fall of the Western Roman

Empire? A. Kings divided their lands among vassals in order to gain more power. B. There was no longer a strong, centralized government. C. The Christian Church demanded that this system be instituted. D. All of these.

B

11. How did the Christian Church become the most powerful secular force in Europe during the early Medieval Times? A. The Church was the only civilizing force in W. Europe once Rome fell to barbarians. B. The papacy was the seat of papal supremacy and authority. C. The Christian Church had the only literate people in Europe with their priests and monks. D. Popes were more powerful than any one ruler. A

12. The Western Christian Church was like a kingdom for all of the following reasons except: A. Its ruler was called “pope” B. Its law code was called “canon law” C. It often used trial by battle to

determine innocence or guilt D. Excommunication and the interdict were acceptable punishments

C

13. Since usury was a practice forbidden by the European Church to be used by Christians, the group that often loaned money, leading to anti-Semitism, was A. the towns’ middle class B. Jewish bankers C. parish priests D. lords and vassals

B

14. The Inquisition was the Christian Church’s A. court to search out heretics B. measures taken to collect its tithes C. method of dealing with a person who had been excommunicated D. home for disabled monks and nuns

A

15. Which of these statements is true? A. Charlemagne was the first Carolingian emperor. B. European feudalism was a political, economic, and social system that developed from a Germanic culture. C. The Eastern European Christian

Church was centered in Constantinople. D. All of these are true.

D